Roger Davidson
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 3620528 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Roger Davidson |
| NOMBRES | Roger |
| APELLIDO | Davidson |
| FIRMA | DAVIDSON R |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Edinburgh |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 50 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 219 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 49 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1967 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2018 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
Illicit and Unnatural Practices
This book seeks to chart how the Scottish legal system responded to what were deemed ‘illicit and unnatural practices’ after 1900. Using a wide range of prosecution and trial records, along with more recent newspaper coverage of court proceedings, it furnishes a fascinating insight into the relationship between the law, sex, and society in modern Scotland. Case studies of sex-related offences, including abortion, bestiality, brothel-keeping, chil…
Shaping Sexual Knowledge
Psychiatry and homosexuality in mid-twentieth-century Edinburgh
There has been little historical research into the post-war treatment of homosexuality, especially in Scotland. Using surviving records from the Jordanburn Nerve Hospital (JNH) in Edinburgh for the 1950s, this paper sets out to rectify this omission. The views of homosexuality held by the psychiatrists, and the main treatment strategies adopted (categorized as hospitalization, suppression, reorientation/‘cure’, and adjustment) are surveyed and il…
The Cautionary Tale of Tom’
Sexuality and the State
The historiography of homosexual law reform in late-twentieth-century Britain has mainly focused on the sexual politics surrounding the Wolfenden Committee and the 1967 Sexual Offences Act (applicable only in England and Wales). Using a range of government archives and the papers of the Scottish Minorities Group (SMG), this article explores the campaign to introduce law reform for Scotland in the period 1967–80. It focuses on the interface betwee…
Big White Chief’, ‘Pontius Pilate’, and the ‘Plumber’
Journal Article ‘Big White Chief’, ‘Pontius Pilate’, and the ‘Plumber’: The Impact of the 1967 Abortion Act on the Scottish Medical Community, c.1967–1980 Get access Gayle Davis, Gayle Davis Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Roger Davidson Roger Davidson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social History of Medicine, Volume 18, Issue 2, August 2005, Pages 28…
This Thorniest of Problems’
In recent years, the history of sex education policy in twentieth-century Britain, and the sexual discourses it both reflects and reinforces, has attracted increasing attention from a range of disciplines within the humanities and social sciences. Yet, research has primarily focused either on the early decades of the century or on the abrasive social politics of sex education since 1980. There is a dearth of material addressing the intervening ye…
A Festering Sore on the Body of Society’
prostitution and the Street Offences Act as the control of women's sexuality. 4 Within this framework of analysis, they constituted part of a more general reassertion of the ideologies of family life and motherhood in the 1950s, which sustained 'women's position within the patriarchal order' and which served to elevate the prostitute into 'a new folk devil in spite of an apparent liberation of female sexuality in discourses on sex'. 5 However, in…
Gordon E. Baker
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Parliamentary committees
Parliaments, which according to the then prevalent scholarly literature were expected to decline in significance in the decades of the 1960s and 1970s, actually have developed new and vital political roles and, in recent decades, have innovated in their institutional structure – most recurrently in their newly organised or invigorated parliamentary committees. This is in striking contrast to the seeming antipathy between a vigorous committee syst…
US congressional committees
Committees have been a distinctive feature of the US Congress from its earliest days, and their multiple functions have attracted the interest of many scholars and commentators. Some emphasise that they enable the chambers to cope with their complex, growing workload; others note that they respond to the chambers' party organisations; still others contend that they serve powerful clientele constituencies. The committees' hegemony is increasingly …
David M. Kovenock
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Fighting 'The Deadly Scourge
On the eve of the Second World War, the VD services in Scotland, as in England and Wales, operated entirely on the basis of voluntary procedures set out in the Public Health (Venereal Diseases) Regulations of 1916.1 Successive attempts to control the spread of VD by means of regulating prostitution, penalising solicitation and introducing compulsory notification and treatment had proved abortive.2 VD remained outside the statutory definition of n…
Health and Society in Twentieth-Century Britain
Unispace
A Scourge to be firmly gripped‘
Social and medical historians of venereal disease (VD) in interwar Britain have largely focused on the voluntaries strategies implemented by central government following the recommendations of the Royal Commission on Venereal Diseases. However, within Scotland a more interventionist stance was adopted and a vigorous campaign mounted for the introduction of VD controls incorporating notification and/or compulsory treatment. Based on a range of gov…
Understanding Congress
Journal Article Understanding Congress: Research Perspectives. Ed. by Roger H. Davidson and Richard C. Sachs. (Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1991. xxii + 244 pp. $11.00, ISBN 0-16-035728-4.) Get access Eileen L. McDonagh Eileen L. McDonagh Northeastern University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 79, Issue 4, March 1993, Pages 1717–1718, https://doi.org/10.2…
The U.S. Congress and the German Bundestag
Marking the 200th anniversary of the US Constitution and the 40th year of the West German Grundgesetz this book examines the lawmaking bodies of the two countries and their constitutional duties and limitations. This first ever joint US-German parliamentary study compares and contrasts two of the democratic West's most powerful legislatures. The result is a new perspective on the foundations of Western democracy and a useful contribution to Germa…
Activities and Appointments
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First among Equals
Journal Article First Among Equals: Outstanding Senate Leaders of the Twentieth Century Get access First Among Equals: Outstanding Senate Leaders of the Twentieth Century. Edited by Baker Richard A. Davidson Roger H.. (Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly, 1991. x + 317 pp. Illustrations, appendix, notes, index. $32.95, cloth; $23.95, paper.) Michael S. Mayer Michael S. Mayer University of Montana Search for other works by this author on: Oxfo…
A Report on the Congressional Fellowship Program, 1989–90 and 1990–91
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La formation du Labour Department. Le département du travail et la question ouvrière en Grande-Bretagne de la fin de la période victorienne à la période édouardienne
Davidson Roger, Charlot Michel. La formation du Labour Department. Le département du travail et la question ouvrière en Grande-Bretagne de la fin de la période victorienne à la période édouardienne. In: Genèses, 2, 1990. A la découverte du fait social, sous la direction de Robert Salais. pp. 56-82
A Report on the Congressional Fellowship Program, 1988-89 and 1989-90
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The Advent of the Modern Congress
Multiple Referral of Legislation in the U. S. Senate
A small but significant portion of bills and resolutions in the U.S. Senate are handled not by the single committee but by two or more committees. The practice is of longer standing in the Senate than in the House of Representatives, which instituted multiple referrals only in 1975. Yet since the Senate's multiple-referral rules were broadened in 1977, the proportion of multiply-referred bills has not soared, as it has in the House. Nor have Sena…
Why Do Americans Love Their Congressmen so Much More than Their Congress
This paper provides some evidence for answering the puzzle posed by Richard Fenno (1975, p. 286): we love our congressmen so much more than our Congress. The data come from two national public opinion surveys dealing with attitudes and perceptions of Congress, conducted in 1968 and 1977. They show that Congress isjudged, increasingly in unfavorable terms, on the basis of its performance on domestic policy, legislative-executive relations, and the…
Adaptation and Consolidation
A simplified theory of organizational innovation, drawn from literature concerning formal organizations, can help explain changes in legislative bodies. The impetus for structural innovation arises from stresses in the organization's external environment or internal dynamics; processes of adjusting to such stresses are termed, respectively, adaptation and consolidation. While closely intertwined, the two modes of change are typified by distinct c…
Parliamentary committees
Parliaments, which according to the then prevalent scholarly literature were expected to decline in significance in the decades of the 1960s and 1970s, actually have developed new and vital political roles and, in recent decades, have innovated in their institutional structure – most recurrently in their newly organised or invigorated parliamentary committees. This is in striking contrast to the seeming antipathy between a vigorous committee syst…
One Bill, Many Committees
Since the procedure of multiple referral was instituted in 1975, legislation in the House of Representatives is increasingly processed by two or more committees, not just a single committee. During 1985-1986, nearly a quarter of House committees' workload consisted of bills or resolutions shared with one or more other panels. This study analyzes statistically the more than 7,000 measures multireferred from 1975 to 1986, determining committee refe…
The Advent of the Modern Congress
Positive Support for Political Institutions
T IS a truism that politicial systems, if they are to survive, must convince their relevant publics that they are effective and legitimate. Change produces crises of legitimacy, from which no polity is entirely immune. Although the legitimacy of political institutions in the United States has sometimes been taken for granted, it is clear that it has undergone periodic crises. It is thus appropriate that political scientists have begun to turn the…
The Board of Trade and Industrial Relations 1896–1914
From the standpoint of the late Victorian and Edwardian governing classes, the most disturbing feature of the ‘social problem’ was the breakdown of British industrial relations. The long ideological and political truce observed by organized labour more or less since the 18405 had ended. A new and more militant trade unionism had emerged which condemned the consensus policy of the craft unions and challenged both the prerogatives of management and…
Congressional Committees as Moving Targets
Changing congressional committees are examined in light of Richard F. Fenno's seminal 1973 study. The changes are analyzed according to Fenno's dual driving forces: members' goals and environmental constraints. Not only individual committees, but the committee system, should be analyzed. With this perspective, three eras are describedthe classic period studied by Fenno, the reform era (1965-1978), and now a postreform era (beginning about 1979
The New Centralization on Capitol Hill
The consensus view of today's Congress — that its decentralized structure and dispersed power has pushed it to the edge of chaos — is badly in need of correcting. Despite the legacy of decentralization and fragmentation from the 1960's and 1970's reform era, the 1980's have seen a discernible trend toward leadership and order. Leading elements of this “new centralization” in congressional operations are described in this article. These include: c…
Representation and Congressional Committees
Congressional committees are not little legislatures because they do not accurately reflect the full range of interests articulated in the political system or even in the parent houses. Legislators tend to seek assignments on committees which offer them career advancement; committees, in turn, are most vulnerable to interests with direct stakes in their decisions. More generalized interests are thus underrepresented—a fact which reflects the broa…
This Thorniest of Problems’
In recent years, the history of sex education policy in twentieth-century Britain, and the sexual discourses it both reflects and reinforces, has attracted increasing attention from a range of disciplines within the humanities and social sciences. Yet, research has primarily focused either on the early decades of the century or on the abrasive social politics of sex education since 1980. There is a dearth of material addressing the intervening ye…
Multiple Referral of Legislation in the U. S. Senate
A small but significant portion of bills and resolutions in the U.S. Senate are handled not by the single committee but by two or more committees. The practice is of longer standing in the Senate than in the House of Representatives, which instituted multiple referrals only in 1975. Yet since the Senate's multiple-referral rules were broadened in 1977, the proportion of multiply-referred bills has not soared, as it has in the House. Nor have Sena…
Whitehall and the Labour Problem in Late-Victorian and Edwardian Britain
Changing the Guard in the U. S. Senate
On the basis of a study of the partisan transition in the U.S. Senate following the 1980 elections, several explanations for divided control of Congress are considered, and strategic consequences of the division are explored. Attempted internal changes in such areas as scheduling, committee coordination, and staffing are described. Partisan transitions-a rarity in the modem Congress-are a reminder of what control of a chamber means to a party. Th…
US congressional committees
Committees have been a distinctive feature of the US Congress from its earliest days, and their multiple functions have attracted the interest of many scholars and commentators. Some emphasise that they enable the chambers to cope with their complex, growing workload; others note that they respond to the chambers' party organisations; still others contend that they serve powerful clientele constituencies. The committees' hegemony is increasingly …
Fighting 'The Deadly Scourge
On the eve of the Second World War, the VD services in Scotland, as in England and Wales, operated entirely on the basis of voluntary procedures set out in the Public Health (Venereal Diseases) Regulations of 1916.1 Successive attempts to control the spread of VD by means of regulating prostitution, penalising solicitation and introducing compulsory notification and treatment had proved abortive.2 VD remained outside the statutory definition of n…
Big White Chief’, ‘Pontius Pilate’, and the ‘Plumber’
Journal Article ‘Big White Chief’, ‘Pontius Pilate’, and the ‘Plumber’: The Impact of the 1967 Abortion Act on the Scottish Medical Community, c.1967–1980 Get access Gayle Davis, Gayle Davis Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Roger Davidson Roger Davidson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social History of Medicine, Volume 18, Issue 2, August 2005, Pages 28…
Treasury Control and Labour Intelligence in Late Victorian and Edwardian Britain
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
The War on Poverty
The war on poverty has been fought on the battleground of American federalism. Because they are designed to reorient social institutions by encouraging political activity on the part of disadvantaged citizens, the antipoverty programs will be judged as much on their political as on their economic impact. Yet, for this reason, these programs have raised "ugly problems of the political establishment." The states, though largely ignored by the enabl…
Sexuality and the State
The historiography of homosexual law reform in late-twentieth-century Britain has mainly focused on the sexual politics surrounding the Wolfenden Committee and the 1967 Sexual Offences Act (applicable only in England and Wales). Using a range of government archives and the papers of the Scottish Minorities Group (SMG), this article explores the campaign to introduce law reform for Scotland in the period 1967–80. It focuses on the interface betwee…
Invitation to Struggle”
The U.S. Constitution's central structural dilemma is the relationship between Congress and the president. The document itself provides little guidance for the day-to-day conduct of these relations. Although we commonly call the system “separation of powers,” it is really an arrangement of separate institutions sharing functions. A basic spirit of accommodation no doubt smooths policymaking, but the system's built-in counterweights are useful in …
Immigration and Race in British Politics
On Capitol Hill
The Catfish and the Fisherman
The War on Poverty
The war on poverty has been fought on the battleground of American federalism. Because they are designed to reorient social institutions by encouraging political activity on the part of disadvantaged citizens, the antipoverty programs will be judged as much on their political as on their economic impact. Yet, for this reason, these programs have raised "ugly problems of the political establishment." The states, though largely ignored by the enabl…
The Role of the Congressman
Congress and the Public Trust
Positive Support for Political Institutions
T IS a truism that politicial systems, if they are to survive, must convince their relevant publics that they are effective and legitimate. Change produces crises of legitimacy, from which no polity is entirely immune. Although the legitimacy of political institutions in the United States has sometimes been taken for granted, it is clear that it has undergone periodic crises. It is thus appropriate that political scientists have begun to turn the…
Choosing Congressmen
Essay| August 01 1974 Choosing Congressmen Roger H. Davidson Roger H. Davidson Select Committee on Committees, U.S. House of Representatives Roger H. Davidson is on leave from his post as professor of political science at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He is author of The Role of the Congressman (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1969) and The Politics of Comprehensive Manpower Legislation (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1973), as well …
Representation and Congressional Committees
Congressional committees are not little legislatures because they do not accurately reflect the full range of interests articulated in the political system or even in the parent houses. Legislators tend to seek assignments on committees which offer them career advancement; committees, in turn, are most vulnerable to interests with direct stakes in their decisions. More generalized interests are thus underrepresented—a fact which reflects the broa…
Senate Reorganization Study Calls on Political Scientists
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Adaptation and Consolidation
A simplified theory of organizational innovation, drawn from literature concerning formal organizations, can help explain changes in legislative bodies. The impetus for structural innovation arises from stresses in the organization's external environment or internal dynamics; processes of adjusting to such stresses are termed, respectively, adaptation and consolidation. While closely intertwined, the two modes of change are typified by distinct c…
The Board of Trade and Industrial Relations 1896–1914
From the standpoint of the late Victorian and Edwardian governing classes, the most disturbing feature of the ‘social problem’ was the breakdown of British industrial relations. The long ideological and political truce observed by organized labour more or less since the 18405 had ended. A new and more militant trade unionism had emerged which condemned the consensus policy of the craft unions and challenged both the prerogatives of management and…
Why Do Americans Love Their Congressmen so Much More than Their Congress
This paper provides some evidence for answering the puzzle posed by Richard Fenno (1975, p. 286): we love our congressmen so much more than our Congress. The data come from two national public opinion surveys dealing with attitudes and perceptions of Congress, conducted in 1968 and 1977. They show that Congress isjudged, increasingly in unfavorable terms, on the basis of its performance on domestic policy, legislative-executive relations, and the…
Purposive Behavior in the U. S. Congress
Changing the Guard in the U. S. Senate
On the basis of a study of the partisan transition in the U.S. Senate following the 1980 elections, several explanations for divided control of Congress are considered, and strategic consequences of the division are explored. Attempted internal changes in such areas as scheduling, committee coordination, and staffing are described. Partisan transitions-a rarity in the modem Congress-are a reminder of what control of a chamber means to a party. Th…
Treasury Control and Labour Intelligence in Late Victorian and Edwardian Britain
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Short notices
Richard Bauman, Let Your Words Be Few: Symbolism of Speaking and Silence among Seventeenth‐Century Quakers (1983), viii + 168 (Cambridge University Press, £19.50, paperback £6.50). Richard B. Sheridan, Doctors and Slaves: A Medical and Demographic History of Slavery in the British West Indies, 1680–1834 (1985), xxii+420 (Cambridge University Press, £25.00). Alice Goldstein, Determinants of Change and Response among Jews and Catholics in a Ninetee…
Congressional Committees as Moving Targets
Changing congressional committees are examined in light of Richard F. Fenno's seminal 1973 study. The changes are analyzed according to Fenno's dual driving forces: members' goals and environmental constraints. Not only individual committees, but the committee system, should be analyzed. With this perspective, three eras are describedthe classic period studied by Fenno, the reform era (1965-1978), and now a postreform era (beginning about 1979
Whitehall and the Labour Problem in Late-Victorian and Edwardian England
Whitehall and the Labour Problem in Late-Victorian and Edwardian Britain
Invitation to Struggle”
The U.S. Constitution's central structural dilemma is the relationship between Congress and the president. The document itself provides little guidance for the day-to-day conduct of these relations. Although we commonly call the system “separation of powers,” it is really an arrangement of separate institutions sharing functions. A basic spirit of accommodation no doubt smooths policymaking, but the system's built-in counterweights are useful in …
One Bill, Many Committees
Since the procedure of multiple referral was instituted in 1975, legislation in the House of Representatives is increasingly processed by two or more committees, not just a single committee. During 1985-1986, nearly a quarter of House committees' workload consisted of bills or resolutions shared with one or more other panels. This study analyzes statistically the more than 7,000 measures multireferred from 1975 to 1986, determining committee refe…
The New Centralization on Capitol Hill
The consensus view of today's Congress — that its decentralized structure and dispersed power has pushed it to the edge of chaos — is badly in need of correcting. Despite the legacy of decentralization and fragmentation from the 1960's and 1970's reform era, the 1980's have seen a discernible trend toward leadership and order. Leading elements of this “new centralization” in congressional operations are described in this article. These include: c…
Conflict and Order
The measurement of urban poverty
destitution? Departmental archives reveal that the Board of Trade was acutely aware of the demand from social scientists and reformers for national and comparative regional data on the extent of poverty and 'urban degeneration'.2 Moreover, many of its leading statisticians were familiar with contemporary developments in the theory of sampling and with the application of probability theory to social investigation. Representatives of the department…
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