Elena Llop
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 4166687 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Elena Llop |
| NOMBRES | Elena |
| APELLIDO | Llop |
| FIRMA | LLOP E |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Chile |
| ORCID | 0009-0000-0675-2076 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 22 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 86 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 22 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1976 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2021 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
The Chilean socio-ethno-genomic cline
Studies of the current Chilean population performed using classical genetic markers have established that the Chilean population originated primarily from the admixture of European people, particularly Spaniards, and Amerindians. A socioeconomic-ethno-genetic cline was established soon after the conquest. Spaniards born in Spain or Chile occupied the highest Socioeconomic Strata, while Amerindians belonged to the lowest. The intermediate strata c…
Human adaptation to arsenic in Andean populations of the Atacama Desert
OBJECTIVES: Quebrada Camarones, in the Atacama Desert, has the highest arsenic levels in the Americas (>1,000 μg/L). However, the Camarones people have subsisted in this adverse environment during the last 7,000 years and have not presented any epidemiological emergencies. Therefore, to solve this conundrum we compared the frequencies of four protective genetic variants of the AS3MT gene associated with efficient arsenic metabolization, between t…
Estudio biomédico de la heterogeneidad en la población chilena. El archipielago de chiloé, un modelo natural
Microevolución en poblaciones chilenas
Geographic Patterns of Genome Admixture in Latin American Mestizos
The large and diverse population of Latin America is potentially a powerful resource for elucidating the genetic basis of complex traits through admixture mapping. However, no genome-wide characterization of admixture across Latin America has yet been attempted. Here, we report an analysis of admixture in thirteen Mestizo populations (i.e. in regions of mainly European and Native settlement) from seven countries in Latin America based on data for…
Genetic Variation and Population Structure in Native Americans
We examined genetic diversity and population structure in the American landmass using 678 autosomal microsatellite markers genotyped in 422 individuals representing 24 Native American populations sampled from North, Central, and South America. These data were analyzed jointly with similar data available in 54 other indigenous populations worldwide, including an additional five Native American groups. The Native American populations have lower gen…
MtDNA microevolution in Southern Chile's archipelagos
The genetic variability of four predominantly Indian populations of southern Chile's archipelagos was examined by determining the frequencies of four mitochondrial DNA haplogroups that characterize the American Indian populations. Over 90% of the individuals analyzed presented Native American mtDNA haplogroups. By means of an unweighted group pair method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram, a principal component analysis (PCA) derived from a …
Brief communication
A molecular characterization of alleles O1, O1variant (O1v), and the mutation G542A of the ABO blood group was performed in two Amerindian populations of Chile, the Aymara (n = 84) and the Huilliche (n = 75). In addition, a sample of 82 individuals of Santiago belonging to the mixed Chilean population was typed for comparative purposes. The polymorphisms which allow for molecular differentiation of different alleles of the O blood group were stud…
Genetic variants of serum butyrylcholinesterase in Chilean Mapuche Indians
We estimated the frequencies of serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) alleles in three tribes of Mapuche Indians from southern Chile, using enzymatic methods, and we estimated the frequency of allele BCHE*K in one tribe using primer reduced restriction analysis (PCR‐PIRA). The three tribes have different degrees of European admixture, which is reflected in the observed frequencies of the atypical allele BCHE*A : 1.11% in Huilliches, 0.89% in Cuncos,…
Genetic marker variation in coastal populations of Chile
Mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms in Chilean aboriginal populations
The mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) from individuals belonging to three Chilean tribes, the Mapuche, the Pehuenche, and the Yaghan, were studied both by RFLP analysis and D-loop (control region) sequencing. RFLP analysis showed that 3 individuals (1.3%) belonged to haplogroup A, 19 (8%) to haplogroup B, 102 (43%) to haplogroup C, and 113 (47.7%) to haplogroup D. Among the 73 individuals analyzed by D-loop sequencing, we observed 37 different haplotyp…
Gradients of HLA diversity in South American Indians
Information concerning the HLA-A and -B loci was considered in relation to 3796 Amerindians living in 39 places in South America, data related to HLA-C being based on a smaller subset of 2989 persons distributed among 33 localities. Synthetic gene frequency maps were then constructed using principal-components analysis. Clearly significant longitudinal (principal component 1) and latitudinal (principal components 1, 2, and 3) clines were observed…
Genetic composition of Chilean aboriginal populations
Phenotypes and gene frequencies for eight genetic systems are presented for five Chilean Indian tribes. Results agree with the pattern expected for Andean Indians. Genetic distances and dendrograms were obtained separately for HLA and traditional genetic markers. The similarity of both is noteworthy. Linguistic distances exhibit a correlation with genetic distances based on traditional markers
Genetic composition of Chilean aboriginal populations
Phenotypes and gene frequencies for eight genetic systems are presented for five Chilean Indian tribes. Results agree with the pattern expected for Andean Indians. Genetic distances and dendrograms were obtained separately for HLA and traditional genetic markers. The similarity of both is noteworthy. Linguistic distances exhibit a correlation with genetic distances based on traditional markers. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc
A note on the presence of blood groups A and B in pre‐Columbian South America
The results of ABO typing in Chilean mummies, a review of published South American paleoserological studies and a systematic discrepancy of admixture estimates based on ABO and Gm genes support the hypothesis that Andean pre‐Columbian populations possessed the A (and perhaps the B) gene in small frequencies
Microevolution in prehistoric Andean populations
Multivariate distance statistics were computed from 14 nonmetrical cranial variables among five prehistoric samples representing steps in the microevolutionary history of a coastal population in northern Chile. Roughly 70% of nonmetrical cranial variation was found to be explained by chronologic distance covering a period of 6,500 years. This estimate is similar to a previous one derived from craniometric data. Implications of these findings are …
Erythrocyte and HLA antigens of Atacameño Indians
The present study reports the results of erythrocyte antigen typing for the following systems: ABO, MN, Rh, Kell, Duffy, and Diego in roughly 180 Atacameño Indians from the oasis of Toconao, northern Chile. A subsample was tested for variation at the histocompatibility loci A, B, and C. Results agree with previous findings based on smaller samples. Caucasian admixture of the Atacameños from Toconao was estimated to be 0.056 ± 0.022
Dermatoglyphic characters and physique
The association of anthropometrics, particularly hand measurements, with dermatoglyphic characters is quantified. Children with square hands exhibit higher main line indices, a‐b ridge counts, and more open atd angles. Adults with broader hands have more arches. Taller individuals with larger hands present higher a‐b ridge counts and leaner subjects with long narrow hands, closer atd angles. The correlation of physique and dermatoglyphics is smal…
Microevolution in prehistoric andean populations
Mahalanobis D 2 statistics (with size and shape components) were computed for nine craniometric variables among five prehistoric groups representing steps in the microevolutionary history of a coastal population in Northern Chile. Roughly 80% of craniometric variation was found to be explained by chronologic distance covering a period of roughly 6500 years. Kinship decreases in this population at a relatively constant rate of 8.6 × 10 −5 per year
A collation of marker gene and dermatoglyphic diversity at various levels of population differentiation
The use of dermatoglyphic traits to describe interpopulational diversity among human populations at various levels of differentiation is compared with similar analysis of gene frequency data by means of nonparametric methods employing distance matrices and dendrograms, and by a partition of total variability into its between and within population components. Congruence of dermatoglyphics and gene markers appears to vary with level of population d…
The Chipaya of Bolivia
Dermatoglyphic data on 15 traits (digital arches, digital radial loops, digital ulnar loops, digital whorls, I loops, I r loops, H loops, Ĥ loops, III loops, IV loops, mainline C absence, total ridge count, a‐b ridge count, atd angle, and mainline index) are presented for 141 Chipaya Indians of Bolivia. Ethnic relationships of these Indians to nine South American Indian tribes (Alacaluf, Atacameño, Aymara, Cashinahua, Chácobo, Chama, Chané, Quech…
Genetic variability in Chilean Indian populations and its association with geography, language, and culture
Genetic variability among seven Chilean Indian populations (Aymara, Atacameño, Diaguita, Pehuenche, Mapuche, Alacaluf, and Yagan) is measured in terms of net codon differences per locus from gene frequency data on seven serologic markers. Indices of cultural and linguistic differences are computed surveying the various ethnographic accounts of these tribal populations. Of the variables, culture, language, geography, and the degree of Caucasoid ad…
Microevolution in prehistoric andean populations
Mahalanobis D 2 statistics (with size and shape components) were computed for nine craniometric variables among five prehistoric groups representing steps in the microevolutionary history of a coastal population in Northern Chile. Roughly 80% of craniometric variation was found to be explained by chronologic distance covering a period of roughly 6500 years. Kinship decreases in this population at a relatively constant rate of 8.6 × 10 −5 per year
Microevolution in prehistoric Andean populations
Multivariate distance statistics were computed from 14 nonmetrical cranial variables among five prehistoric samples representing steps in the microevolutionary history of a coastal population in northern Chile. Roughly 70% of nonmetrical cranial variation was found to be explained by chronologic distance covering a period of 6,500 years. This estimate is similar to a previous one derived from craniometric data. Implications of these findings are …
A collation of marker gene and dermatoglyphic diversity at various levels of population differentiation
The use of dermatoglyphic traits to describe interpopulational diversity among human populations at various levels of differentiation is compared with similar analysis of gene frequency data by means of nonparametric methods employing distance matrices and dendrograms, and by a partition of total variability into its between and within population components. Congruence of dermatoglyphics and gene markers appears to vary with level of population d…
Human adaptation to arsenic in Andean populations of the Atacama Desert
OBJECTIVES: Quebrada Camarones, in the Atacama Desert, has the highest arsenic levels in the Americas (>1,000 μg/L). However, the Camarones people have subsisted in this adverse environment during the last 7,000 years and have not presented any epidemiological emergencies. Therefore, to solve this conundrum we compared the frequencies of four protective genetic variants of the AS3MT gene associated with efficient arsenic metabolization, between t…
Genetic variability in Chilean Indian populations and its association with geography, language, and culture
Genetic variability among seven Chilean Indian populations (Aymara, Atacameño, Diaguita, Pehuenche, Mapuche, Alacaluf, and Yagan) is measured in terms of net codon differences per locus from gene frequency data on seven serologic markers. Indices of cultural and linguistic differences are computed surveying the various ethnographic accounts of these tribal populations. Of the variables, culture, language, geography, and the degree of Caucasoid ad…
MtDNA microevolution in Southern Chile's archipelagos
The genetic variability of four predominantly Indian populations of southern Chile's archipelagos was examined by determining the frequencies of four mitochondrial DNA haplogroups that characterize the American Indian populations. Over 90% of the individuals analyzed presented Native American mtDNA haplogroups. By means of an unweighted group pair method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram, a principal component analysis (PCA) derived from a …
Brief communication
A molecular characterization of alleles O1, O1variant (O1v), and the mutation G542A of the ABO blood group was performed in two Amerindian populations of Chile, the Aymara (n = 84) and the Huilliche (n = 75). In addition, a sample of 82 individuals of Santiago belonging to the mixed Chilean population was typed for comparative purposes. The polymorphisms which allow for molecular differentiation of different alleles of the O blood group were stud…
Dermatoglyphic characters and physique
The association of anthropometrics, particularly hand measurements, with dermatoglyphic characters is quantified. Children with square hands exhibit higher main line indices, a‐b ridge counts, and more open atd angles. Adults with broader hands have more arches. Taller individuals with larger hands present higher a‐b ridge counts and leaner subjects with long narrow hands, closer atd angles. The correlation of physique and dermatoglyphics is smal…
The Chipaya of Bolivia
Dermatoglyphic data on 15 traits (digital arches, digital radial loops, digital ulnar loops, digital whorls, I loops, I r loops, H loops, Ĥ loops, III loops, IV loops, mainline C absence, total ridge count, a‐b ridge count, atd angle, and mainline index) are presented for 141 Chipaya Indians of Bolivia. Ethnic relationships of these Indians to nine South American Indian tribes (Alacaluf, Atacameño, Aymara, Cashinahua, Chácobo, Chama, Chané, Quech…
Genetic variants of serum butyrylcholinesterase in Chilean Mapuche Indians
We estimated the frequencies of serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) alleles in three tribes of Mapuche Indians from southern Chile, using enzymatic methods, and we estimated the frequency of allele BCHE*K in one tribe using primer reduced restriction analysis (PCR‐PIRA). The three tribes have different degrees of European admixture, which is reflected in the observed frequencies of the atypical allele BCHE*A : 1.11% in Huilliches, 0.89% in Cuncos,…
A note on the presence of blood groups A and B in pre‐Columbian South America
The results of ABO typing in Chilean mummies, a review of published South American paleoserological studies and a systematic discrepancy of admixture estimates based on ABO and Gm genes support the hypothesis that Andean pre‐Columbian populations possessed the A (and perhaps the B) gene in small frequencies
The Chilean socio-ethno-genomic cline
Studies of the current Chilean population performed using classical genetic markers have established that the Chilean population originated primarily from the admixture of European people, particularly Spaniards, and Amerindians. A socioeconomic-ethno-genetic cline was established soon after the conquest. Spaniards born in Spain or Chile occupied the highest Socioeconomic Strata, while Amerindians belonged to the lowest. The intermediate strata c…
Erythrocyte and HLA antigens of Atacameño Indians
The present study reports the results of erythrocyte antigen typing for the following systems: ABO, MN, Rh, Kell, Duffy, and Diego in roughly 180 Atacameño Indians from the oasis of Toconao, northern Chile. A subsample was tested for variation at the histocompatibility loci A, B, and C. Results agree with previous findings based on smaller samples. Caucasian admixture of the Atacameños from Toconao was estimated to be 0.056 ± 0.022
Genetic variability in Chilean Indian populations and its association with geography, language, and culture
Genetic variability among seven Chilean Indian populations (Aymara, Atacameño, Diaguita, Pehuenche, Mapuche, Alacaluf, and Yagan) is measured in terms of net codon differences per locus from gene frequency data on seven serologic markers. Indices of cultural and linguistic differences are computed surveying the various ethnographic accounts of these tribal populations. Of the variables, culture, language, geography, and the degree of Caucasoid ad…
A collation of marker gene and dermatoglyphic diversity at various levels of population differentiation
The use of dermatoglyphic traits to describe interpopulational diversity among human populations at various levels of differentiation is compared with similar analysis of gene frequency data by means of nonparametric methods employing distance matrices and dendrograms, and by a partition of total variability into its between and within population components. Congruence of dermatoglyphics and gene markers appears to vary with level of population d…
The Chipaya of Bolivia
Dermatoglyphic data on 15 traits (digital arches, digital radial loops, digital ulnar loops, digital whorls, I loops, I r loops, H loops, Ĥ loops, III loops, IV loops, mainline C absence, total ridge count, a‐b ridge count, atd angle, and mainline index) are presented for 141 Chipaya Indians of Bolivia. Ethnic relationships of these Indians to nine South American Indian tribes (Alacaluf, Atacameño, Aymara, Cashinahua, Chácobo, Chama, Chané, Quech…
Dermatoglyphic characters and physique
The association of anthropometrics, particularly hand measurements, with dermatoglyphic characters is quantified. Children with square hands exhibit higher main line indices, a‐b ridge counts, and more open atd angles. Adults with broader hands have more arches. Taller individuals with larger hands present higher a‐b ridge counts and leaner subjects with long narrow hands, closer atd angles. The correlation of physique and dermatoglyphics is smal…
Microevolution in prehistoric andean populations
Mahalanobis D 2 statistics (with size and shape components) were computed for nine craniometric variables among five prehistoric groups representing steps in the microevolutionary history of a coastal population in Northern Chile. Roughly 80% of craniometric variation was found to be explained by chronologic distance covering a period of roughly 6500 years. Kinship decreases in this population at a relatively constant rate of 8.6 × 10 −5 per year
Microevolution in prehistoric Andean populations
Multivariate distance statistics were computed from 14 nonmetrical cranial variables among five prehistoric samples representing steps in the microevolutionary history of a coastal population in northern Chile. Roughly 70% of nonmetrical cranial variation was found to be explained by chronologic distance covering a period of 6,500 years. This estimate is similar to a previous one derived from craniometric data. Implications of these findings are …
Erythrocyte and HLA antigens of Atacameño Indians
The present study reports the results of erythrocyte antigen typing for the following systems: ABO, MN, Rh, Kell, Duffy, and Diego in roughly 180 Atacameño Indians from the oasis of Toconao, northern Chile. A subsample was tested for variation at the histocompatibility loci A, B, and C. Results agree with previous findings based on smaller samples. Caucasian admixture of the Atacameños from Toconao was estimated to be 0.056 ± 0.022
A note on the presence of blood groups A and B in pre‐Columbian South America
The results of ABO typing in Chilean mummies, a review of published South American paleoserological studies and a systematic discrepancy of admixture estimates based on ABO and Gm genes support the hypothesis that Andean pre‐Columbian populations possessed the A (and perhaps the B) gene in small frequencies
Genetic composition of Chilean aboriginal populations
Phenotypes and gene frequencies for eight genetic systems are presented for five Chilean Indian tribes. Results agree with the pattern expected for Andean Indians. Genetic distances and dendrograms were obtained separately for HLA and traditional genetic markers. The similarity of both is noteworthy. Linguistic distances exhibit a correlation with genetic distances based on traditional markers
Genetic composition of Chilean aboriginal populations
Phenotypes and gene frequencies for eight genetic systems are presented for five Chilean Indian tribes. Results agree with the pattern expected for Andean Indians. Genetic distances and dendrograms were obtained separately for HLA and traditional genetic markers. The similarity of both is noteworthy. Linguistic distances exhibit a correlation with genetic distances based on traditional markers. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc
Gradients of HLA diversity in South American Indians
Information concerning the HLA-A and -B loci was considered in relation to 3796 Amerindians living in 39 places in South America, data related to HLA-C being based on a smaller subset of 2989 persons distributed among 33 localities. Synthetic gene frequency maps were then constructed using principal-components analysis. Clearly significant longitudinal (principal component 1) and latitudinal (principal components 1, 2, and 3) clines were observed…
Mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms in Chilean aboriginal populations
The mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) from individuals belonging to three Chilean tribes, the Mapuche, the Pehuenche, and the Yaghan, were studied both by RFLP analysis and D-loop (control region) sequencing. RFLP analysis showed that 3 individuals (1.3%) belonged to haplogroup A, 19 (8%) to haplogroup B, 102 (43%) to haplogroup C, and 113 (47.7%) to haplogroup D. Among the 73 individuals analyzed by D-loop sequencing, we observed 37 different haplotyp…
Genetic marker variation in coastal populations of Chile
Genetic variants of serum butyrylcholinesterase in Chilean Mapuche Indians
We estimated the frequencies of serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) alleles in three tribes of Mapuche Indians from southern Chile, using enzymatic methods, and we estimated the frequency of allele BCHE*K in one tribe using primer reduced restriction analysis (PCR‐PIRA). The three tribes have different degrees of European admixture, which is reflected in the observed frequencies of the atypical allele BCHE*A : 1.11% in Huilliches, 0.89% in Cuncos,…
MtDNA microevolution in Southern Chile's archipelagos
The genetic variability of four predominantly Indian populations of southern Chile's archipelagos was examined by determining the frequencies of four mitochondrial DNA haplogroups that characterize the American Indian populations. Over 90% of the individuals analyzed presented Native American mtDNA haplogroups. By means of an unweighted group pair method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram, a principal component analysis (PCA) derived from a …
Brief communication
A molecular characterization of alleles O1, O1variant (O1v), and the mutation G542A of the ABO blood group was performed in two Amerindian populations of Chile, the Aymara (n = 84) and the Huilliche (n = 75). In addition, a sample of 82 individuals of Santiago belonging to the mixed Chilean population was typed for comparative purposes. The polymorphisms which allow for molecular differentiation of different alleles of the O blood group were stud…
Genetic Variation and Population Structure in Native Americans
We examined genetic diversity and population structure in the American landmass using 678 autosomal microsatellite markers genotyped in 422 individuals representing 24 Native American populations sampled from North, Central, and South America. These data were analyzed jointly with similar data available in 54 other indigenous populations worldwide, including an additional five Native American groups. The Native American populations have lower gen…
Geographic Patterns of Genome Admixture in Latin American Mestizos
The large and diverse population of Latin America is potentially a powerful resource for elucidating the genetic basis of complex traits through admixture mapping. However, no genome-wide characterization of admixture across Latin America has yet been attempted. Here, we report an analysis of admixture in thirteen Mestizo populations (i.e. in regions of mainly European and Native settlement) from seven countries in Latin America based on data for…
Estudio biomédico de la heterogeneidad en la población chilena. El archipielago de chiloé, un modelo natural
Microevolución en poblaciones chilenas
Human adaptation to arsenic in Andean populations of the Atacama Desert
OBJECTIVES: Quebrada Camarones, in the Atacama Desert, has the highest arsenic levels in the Americas (>1,000 μg/L). However, the Camarones people have subsisted in this adverse environment during the last 7,000 years and have not presented any epidemiological emergencies. Therefore, to solve this conundrum we compared the frequencies of four protective genetic variants of the AS3MT gene associated with efficient arsenic metabolization, between t…
The Chilean socio-ethno-genomic cline
Studies of the current Chilean population performed using classical genetic markers have established that the Chilean population originated primarily from the admixture of European people, particularly Spaniards, and Amerindians. A socioeconomic-ethno-genetic cline was established soon after the conquest. Spaniards born in Spain or Chile occupied the highest Socioeconomic Strata, while Amerindians belonged to the lowest. The intermediate strata c…
Biology (21 obras) · Demography (17 obras) · Genetics (15 obras) · Geography (13 obras) · Genetics (12 obras) · Population (12 obras) · Evolutionary biology (11 obras) · Forensic and Genetic Research (11 obras) · Sociology (11 obras) · Gene (10 obras)