John A Ross
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 5167467 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | John A Ross |
| NOMBRES | John A |
| APELLIDO | Ross |
| FIRMA | ROSS J A |
| AFILIACIONES | MC MASTER UNIVERSITY |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 58 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 111 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 57 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 2 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1962 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2012 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Fertility Differences Among Developing Countries
Berelson on Population
Fertility Differences Among Developing Countries
CONTEXT: In many developing countries, fertility has declined steadily in recent decades, while the average strength of family planning programs has increased and social conditions have improved. However, it is unclear whether the synergistic effect of family planning programs and social settings on fertility, first identified in the 1970s, still holds. METHODS: Data from 40 developing countries in which Demographic and Health Surveys were conduc…
Fertility Differences Among Developing Countries
Cost-Effectiveness of Comprehensive School Reform in Low Achieving Schools
We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of Struggling Schools, a user-generated approach to Comprehensive School Reform implemented in 100 low achieving schools serving disadvantaged students in a Canadian province. The results show that while Struggling Schools had a statistically significant positive effect on Grade 3 Reading achievement, d=.48 in 2005-06 and .60 in 2006-07, the program was not cost-effective when compared to two alternatives: 1. T…
Why Aren’t There More Maternal Deaths? A Decomposition Analysis
Globally, the number of maternal deaths remains large, and the risk per birth is high in the developing world. Deaths declined between 1990 and 2008, despite the 42% increase in women. We decompose selected determinants to help explain the decline. Numbers of women, births, and fertility rates come from the UN; maternal mortality ratios are from the UN and from Hogan et al. Decomposition isolates the effects of additional women, decreases in fert…
The Role of External Diagnosis in School Improvement in an Ontario School District
External diagnosis is recommended when schools lack the capacity to assess their needs. This qualitative study of one Ontario district compared 33 elementary schools that conducted external diagnosis with 47 schools that used internal diagnosis. External diagnosis created pressure for change, helped schools develop a plan that included previously neglected needs, promoted consistency within and between schools, contributed to the improvement cult…
Multilevel Analysis for Applied Research
Alignment of Scores on Large-Scale Assessments and Report-Card Grades
We examined how much agreement there was between scores from large-scale mandated assessments and report-card grades for 14,776 students in grades 3, 6, and 9 of a district in which conditions were conducive to alignment of assessments. We found significant mean differences between internal and external assessments: effect sizes were .29 to .63 in grades 3-6 and .10 to.30 in grade 9. Spearman correlations were in the .32-.59 range. Chance-adjuste…
Effort Levels of National Maternal and Neonatal Health Programs
Evaluations That Consider the Cost of Educational Programs
Cost studies are program evaluations that judge program worth by relating program costs to program benefits. There are three sets of strategies: cost—benefit, cost-effectiveness, and cost-utility analysis, although the last appears infrequently. The authors searched relevant databases to identify 103 cost studies in education and then reduced the set to 31 using criteria focused on rigor in determining program effects and assessment of costs. The…
Needs Assessment for the Development of Learning Objects
Needs Assessment for the Development of Learning ObjectsIn a review of 125 needs assessments conducted in educational settings, Witkin (1994) identified multiple deficiencies: mono-method bias (use of a single data source to identify needs), confusion between solutions (instructional actions) and needs (gaps in student performance), use of unsystematic procedures, and overreliance on data from a single group.We attempted to avoid these problems i…
Transformational leadership and teacher commitment to organizational values
Transformational leadership researchers have given little attention to teacher expectations that mediate between goals and actions. The most important of these expectations, teacher efficacy, refers to teacher beliefs that they will be able to bring about student learning. This study examined the mediating effects of teacher efficacy by comparing two models derived from Bandura's social-cognitive theory. Model A hypothesized that transformational…
Participatory Needs Assessment
Needs assessments are typically conducted exclusively by practitioners at the cost of quality or entirely by external evaluators at the cost of relevance. This article makes a case for participatory needs assessment, which we define as a systematic approach to setting organizational priorities in which trained evaluators and program stakeholders share responsibility for all substantive and procedural decisions. We outline potential advantages and…
Teacher self-assessment
Measures of Strength for Maternal Health Programs in 55 Developing Countries
Research on Reform in Mathematics Education, 1993-2000
Proponents and opponents of reform of mathematics education all cite the research base in support of their positions. This article reports the results of a review of studies that contained empirical evidence of the effects of reform or the difficulty of implementing reform that were published between 1993 and 2000. The studies reviewed indicate that implementation of math reform contributes to student achievement, but evidence abounds of superfic…
Internalizing Change Capacity in Secondary Schools Through Organizational Change
In this article we focus on understanding the meaning of change capacity in secondary schools. Our definition of change capacity focuses on organizational dimensions. We review evidence from a longitudinal study of change in nine secondary schools in a single district to argue that change capacity consists of three attributes: liberation from structures that inhibit innovation (in our case breaking the mold of subject department organizational st…
Skills training versus action research in-service
Within-teacher predictors of teacher efficacy
Family Planning Programs
Professional development schools
Direct and Judgmental Measures of Family Planning Program Inputs
W. Parker Mauldin, John A. Ross, John Kekovole, Barkat-e-Khuda, Adul Barkat, Direct and Judgmental Measures of Family Planning Program Inputs, Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 26, No. 5 (Sep. - Oct., 1995), pp. 287-295
The impact of an inservice to promote cooperative learning on the stability of teacher efficacy
Family planning programme effort in South Asia
Within-teacher predictors of teacher efficacy
Family Planning Programs
According to a set of 30 indices that assess the strength of large-scale family planning programs in developing countries, a strong upward shift in effort scores occurred between 1982 and 1989. During that period, many countries established or augmented their family planning programs, and effort scores improved in all developing regions and in all four dimensions of effort--policies and stage-setting activities, service and service-related activi…
The impact of an inservice to promote cooperative learning on the stability of teacher efficacy
Family Planning Programs
Teacher self-assessment
Prospects and Programs for Fertility Reduction, 1990-2015
What is the likelihood that each of the 37 developing countries with populations of 15 million or more in 1990 will reach replacement fertility by the year 2015? These countries have a combined population of 3.9 billion, 91 percent of the population of all developing countries. For this article, a composite index was used as the basis for predicting future levels of total fertility. The index was constructed from socioeconomic variables (life exp…
Experimental Designs of the Single-Stimulus, All-Or-Nothing Type
Experimental designs have previously been treated unsystematically. This article presents all possible experimental designs that use from one to four groups, the groups being differentiated by whether they receive a pretest, a stimulus, neither or both. Pretesting a group on the dependent variable may change the experiment's outcome, as may uncontrolled events. Both factors are worked into the analysis, as well as all possible interactions among …
Sharing professional experience
Sterilization
Globally, sterilization protects more couples from pregnancy than any other contraceptive method. However, use of sterilization has grown only gradually and annual rates of adoption remain low. The high prevalence of sterilization can be explained by its excellent continuation rate, its appeal to a broad age range at the time of adoption, and its long history of availability. International patterns show that sterilization users are concentrated i…
Acceptance and Prevalence of Vasectomy in Developing Countries
The paper presents an overview of acceptance and prevalence information for sterilization. The use of vasectomy in developing countries shows much variation. China India and Bangladesh have relied heaviliy on it while other large developing countries have made little use of it. Sterilizaiton in general has been increasing rapidly in many countries but female sterilization has usually been the leading alternative. There is evidence that as tubal l…
Professional development schools
Voluntary Sterilization
This document focuses on sterilization as a method for family planning. It draws on data supplied by survey questionnaires clinical records and follow up interviews as well as social science literature dating from the 1950s. Sterilization is explored in terms of incidence prevalence and demographic factors. Legal and medical aspects are addressed including a brief discussion on sterilization reversal the procedures involved and their safety and e…
International Encyclopedia of Population
Evaluations That Consider the Cost of Educational Programs
Cost studies are program evaluations that judge program worth by relating program costs to program benefits. There are three sets of strategies: cost—benefit, cost-effectiveness, and cost-utility analysis, although the last appears infrequently. The authors searched relevant databases to identify 103 cost studies in education and then reduced the set to 31 using criteria focused on rigor in determining program effects and assessment of costs. The…
Research on Reform in Mathematics Education, 1993-2000
Proponents and opponents of reform of mathematics education all cite the research base in support of their positions. This article reports the results of a review of studies that contained empirical evidence of the effects of reform or the difficulty of implementing reform that were published between 1993 and 2000. The studies reviewed indicate that implementation of math reform contributes to student achievement, but evidence abounds of superfic…
Skills training versus action research in-service
Management Strategies for Family Planning Programs
Improving Adolescent Decision—Making Skills
The adolescent years are a period of rapid maturation and increasing personal responsibility. It is a time when students are placed into difficult decisionmaking situations and are required to make choices that have substantial long term consequences. North American schools have recognized the difficulties that students experience in addressing critical life decisions and have developed programs, typically in the context of Guidance and Health, d…
Improving Adolescent Decision-Making Skills
Declines in the Age and Family Size of Family Planning Program Acceptors
Social changes are encouraging couples to inititate contraception at younger ages, practice spacing, and in general reduce fertility. The personal characteristics of acceptors in the family planning programs of 23 developing countries were accumulated with concentration on the age and number of children by contraceptive method. The findings indicate that the ages and family sizes of acceptors decline with little relation to available family plann…
Two Determinants of Fertility Decline
A natural time-dependent similarity measure for two trajectories is their average distance at corresponding times. We give algorithms for computing the most similar subtrajectories under this measure, assuming the two trajectories are given as two polygonal, possibly self-intersecting lines with time stamps. For the case when a minimum duration of the subtrajectories is specified and the subtrajectories must start at corresponding times, we give …
Within family planning—Korea
The Korean family planning program from 1964 to 1968 is considered in its entirety. The program is financed primarily by Korean government appropriations (averaging about $2 million in past years from central and local budgets) but also is supported substantially by foreign agencies such as the Population Council SIDA and AID. The Planned Parenthood Federation of Korea working in cooperation with the government is financed by about $200000 yearly…
International Postpartum Family Planning Program
Since conception occurs at a high rate after the first postpartum menstrual period and since women who have recently been pregnant are highly motivated to contraceptive use the Population Council began the International Postpartum Family Planning Program in 1966 in 25 hospitals in 14 countries. The total target population was 2720434 of which about 10% received family planning education and information. In the first 12 months of the program 10172…
Social Class and Medical Care
For many years, public health research has repeatedly confirmed a direct relationship between social class and receipt of medical care. That is, as income, education, and occupation rise, there is a corresponding rise in the amount of medical care received. This has been supported by at least five or six major health surveys and an uncounted number of city and county studies.' A direct relationship is consistent with much that is known about the …
Experimental Designs of the Single-Stimulus, All-Or-Nothing Type
Experimental designs have previously been treated unsystematically. This article presents all possible experimental designs that use from one to four groups, the groups being differentiated by whether they receive a pretest, a stimulus, neither or both. Pretesting a group on the dependent variable may change the experiment's outcome, as may uncontrolled events. Both factors are worked into the analysis, as well as all possible interactions among …
Cost Analysis of the Taichung Experiment
Recent Events in Population Control
The AID computer programme, used to predict adoption of family planning in Koyang
A highly useful computer programme has been developed for predicting values of a dependent variable. Basically a sequential analysis of variance, it creates a tree of two-way splits of the sample. Each split maximizes the reduction of unexplained variance in the dependent variable. The programme is remarkably sensitive to interactions, since it assumes neither linear relationships, normal distributions, nor homoscedasticity. This programme is put…
International Postpartum Family Planning Program
Since conception occurs at a high rate after the first postpartum menstrual period and since women who have recently been pregnant are highly motivated to contraceptive use the Population Council began the International Postpartum Family Planning Program in 1966 in 25 hospitals in 14 countries. The total target population was 2720434 of which about 10% received family planning education and information. In the first 12 months of the program 10172…
Within family planning—Korea
The Korean family planning program from 1964 to 1968 is considered in its entirety. The program is financed primarily by Korean government appropriations (averaging about $2 million in past years from central and local budgets) but also is supported substantially by foreign agencies such as the Population Council SIDA and AID. The Planned Parenthood Federation of Korea working in cooperation with the government is financed by about $200000 yearly…
Korea and Taiwan
A review of the achievements in family planning in Korea and Taiwan in 1968 is presented. Korea launched a Mothers Club system reaching into every third village and a national pill program but it fell short of targets and suffered administrative difficulties especially with the budget. Over a 6 month period the number of new pill acceptors was 76078. This falls short of the target of 30000 new acceptors per month but still compares well with pill…
Korea
The national surveys conducted every year in Korea give an unmatched glimpse into historic changes. The first survey was taken in early 1964 a perfectly-timed baseline in the national campaign of education and service that was launched that spring. It and subsequent surveys all of similar methodology show marked rises in critical indicators especially in knowledge and use of the intrauterine device (IUD) and in the proportion protected against pr…
District-Level Support for Site-Based Renewal
Previous studies of secondary school reform have not given as much attention to the role of the district as is warranted by its potential influence on change processes. This study examined the role of district-level factors in enabling eight secondary schools to restructure their positions of added responsibility. After two years there was significant change on five of six indicators of organizational health. The district-level factors that contr…
Korea/Taiwan 1969
An annual review of the achievements in family planning in South Korea and Taiwan is presented. In Korea 1969 closed with more contraceptive acceptors than in 1968 (623000 vs. 472000) but numbers of acceptors were still below program targets. As in the past the major handicap was a shortage of money to meet local costs rather than a lack of interested women. The population growth rate is difficult to measure accurately largely because of underreg…
The Sociological Interpretation of Religion Roland ROBERTSON Oxford
Fertility effects of family planning programs
Extensive effort over the last ten to fifteen years has been applied to questions of what family planning programs do to birth rates. Here we review this body of work, looking especially at the different methods used. First, attention is called to the diversity of the field, in its questions, its techniques, in the program types studied, and in assumptions as to modes of actions. Then clarifications are suggested regarding which program features …
Two Determinants of Fertility Decline
A natural time-dependent similarity measure for two trajectories is their average distance at corresponding times. We give algorithms for computing the most similar subtrajectories under this measure, assuming the two trajectories are given as two polygonal, possibly self-intersecting lines with time stamps. For the case when a minimum duration of the subtrajectories is specified and the subtrajectories must start at corresponding times, we give …
Declines in the Age and Family Size of Family Planning Program Acceptors
Social changes are encouraging couples to inititate contraception at younger ages, practice spacing, and in general reduce fertility. The personal characteristics of acceptors in the family planning programs of 23 developing countries were accumulated with concentration on the age and number of children by contraceptive method. The findings indicate that the ages and family sizes of acceptors decline with little relation to available family plann…
Improving Adolescent Decision—Making Skills
The adolescent years are a period of rapid maturation and increasing personal responsibility. It is a time when students are placed into difficult decisionmaking situations and are required to make choices that have substantial long term consequences. North American schools have recognized the difficulties that students experience in addressing critical life decisions and have developed programs, typically in the context of Guidance and Health, d…
Improving Adolescent Decision-Making Skills
International Encyclopedia of Population
International Encyclopedia of Population
Acceptance and Prevalence of Vasectomy in Developing Countries
The paper presents an overview of acceptance and prevalence information for sterilization. The use of vasectomy in developing countries shows much variation. China India and Bangladesh have relied heaviliy on it while other large developing countries have made little use of it. Sterilizaiton in general has been increasing rapidly in many countries but female sterilization has usually been the leading alternative. There is evidence that as tubal l…
Voluntary Sterilization
This document focuses on sterilization as a method for family planning. It draws on data supplied by survey questionnaires clinical records and follow up interviews as well as social science literature dating from the 1950s. Sterilization is explored in terms of incidence prevalence and demographic factors. Legal and medical aspects are addressed including a brief discussion on sterilization reversal the procedures involved and their safety and e…
International Encyclopedia of Population
Survey Analysis for the Guidance of Family Planning Programs
The papers included here each elucidate the value of the World Fertility Survey (WFS) or other surveys for family planning analysis. 5 subjects of current interest are treated in this volume. The problem of estimating demand or unmet need for services is dealt with by 2 different approaches cross-sectional and time-orientedd. Both of these estimates of demand work from interview statements as to whether or not more children are wanted. Several pa…
Berelson on Population
In Place of 15–45
Population (29 obras) · Medicine (27 obras) · Sociology (26 obras) · Psychology (23 obras) · Family planning (22 obras) · Economics (21 obras) · Demography (19 obras) · Environmental health (19 obras) · Research methodology (19 obras) · Business (18 obras)