T F McLaughlin
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 5835519 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | T F McLaughlin |
| NOMBRES | T F |
| APELLIDO | McLaughlin |
| FIRMA | MCLAUGHLIN T F |
| AFILIACIONES | Gonzaga University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3076-109X |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 16 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 8 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 16 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1974 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2004 |
| ÍNDICE H | 2 |
Risky Firearms Behavior in Low-Income Families of Elementary School Children
The Impact of Poverty, Fear of Crime, and Crime Victimization on Keeping Firearms for Protection and Unsafe Gun-Storage Practices
This article reviews the literature with regard to firearms accidents among low-income, urban children younger than 13. The tendency of low-income families to keep unsecured protection guns may contribute to the higher rate of firearms accidents among low-income children. The evidence suggests that the decision to keep a gun for protection is largely a practical response to the conditions a person perceives in his or her neighborhood. Reducing th…
Working on Grade Point Average, test Accuracy, and Attendance of High School Students
The present analysis examined grade point averages (GPA), subject-matter test scores, and attendance for 274 students enrolled in a high school at the beginning of the 1992–1993 school year by the number of hours worked per week in the previous year (1991–92) and in the current school year (1992–1993). The over-all outcomes indicated that working fewer than 10 hours per week had small adverse effects on each measure. Students working from 10 to 2…
Improving Disadvantaged Families' Educational Skills
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects for three families, each with a fifth-grade child at risk, of training in skills such as communicating with teachers and administrators, providing a quiet place for their child to work, and praising their child's appropriate changes in academic and social behaviors. The caregivers were trained by a university student in these skills and evaluated in an AB time series design. All three families…
Use of Learning Centers, Achievement, and Attitudes of Students in Grade Nine Language Arts
Use of Learning Centers, Achievement, and Attitudes of Students in Grade Nine Language Arts
The effects of two types of teaching procedures in two Grade 9 language arts classes on 38 students’ achievement and motivation were evaluated. A pre- and posttest control group design was employed. The students in the treatment group were taught five months of the regular curriculum using learning centers while the control group were given a teacher-directed program without learning centers. Pre- and posttest scores were taken from an examinatio…
Use of Contingent Music to Increase Academic Performance of Middle-School Students
The present research evaluated the effects of contingent access to music on the academic performance of two junior high school students with disabilities. The use of response contingent music increased the number of correct problems completed in mathematics. A replication of baseline conditions resulted in a decrease in performance. Practical applications of the procedure were discussed
Use of Contingency Contracting to Increase On-Task Behavior with Primary Students
The effectiveness of contingency contracting to improve the on-task behavior of 3 primary-age students was evaluated using an ABABA single-subject replication design. The contract was developed by the teacher and the consequences were selected by the students. Increases in on-task behavior were observed each time that the contingency contracts were in effect. This study has important implications for the use of contracting with primary school chi…
Effects of the Behavioral Analysis Model of Follow-Through on the Reading and Arithmetic Achievement by Native American Elementary School Children
The present report compared the achievement of children (K to Grade 3) who had been continuously enrolled in the Behavior Analysis Model of Follow-through to that of poverty and minority children in urban areas without the Follow-through experience. The over-all scores on the Wide Range Achievement Test indicated that the Native American children in the program scored at or above grade level most of the time. The comparison children were below gr…
Intrinsic Reinforcers with Students in Special Education
In a token program the use of back-up reinforcers which are natural to the classroom environment is increasing. Several studies have reported the successful use of such natural (intrinsic) back-up reinforcers to control a wide variety of behaviors (McLaughlin, 1975 ) . However, a recent study by Evans, Horvath, Sanders, and Dolan (1974) found that having a teacher's assistant was more effective than a token reinforcement program for increasing ac…
Note
The successful use of the techniques of operant conditioning to eliminate anorexia nervosa (disruption of normal eating and subsequent weight loss) has been reported in hospitals and out-patient setrings (Bachrach, Erwin, & Mohr, 1965) . The purpose of this study was to determine i f contingency management procedures could be successfully implemented by parents trained in a series of behavioral child management classes, to treat such a possible d…
Partial Component Analysis of an Inexpensive Token System across Two Classrooms
Establishing a Sight Reading Vocabulary in a Third Grade Disadvantaged Child
Previous research has shown that reinforcement procedures can be effective to increase the verbal behavior in certain special populations (Kerr, Meyerson, & Michael, 1965; Staats, Finley, Minke, & Wolf, 1964; Staats & Staats, 1962). The purpose of this paper was to develop a simple set of procedures to establish the alphabet and a sight vocabulary for a third-grade S. In Exp. I S was reinforced with candy for correctly naming the various upper an…
Differential Effects of Token Reinforcement to Increase Class Participation in Constructing Questions over Science Films
The use of audio-visual materials has been well documented for elementary school classrooms. The effectiveness of such materials should increase to the extent that pupils actually work with and attend to such materials. Since token-reinforcement procedures have been shown ro be effective in dealing with a wide variety of classroom behaviors (O'Leary & Drabman, 1971), it was decided to employ such a procedure to increase class participation during…
Set of Procedures to Improve Accuracy of Performance and Decrease Time to Complete Mathematics Problems
Many times contingency management procedures have been difficult to implement by a single teacher. In this report such procedures were used by a single teacher to increase the mean percent correct and decrease the time for the sixth-grade portion of a combination fifth/sixth grade class to complete sets of math problems. In Exp. I the pupils increased their accuracy of performance and maintained perfect scores as well as decreased the amount of t…
Note on Combined and Separate Effects of Token Reinforcement and Response Cost on Completing Assignments
In early token economy programs (e.g., Ayllon & Azrin, 1968), accepmble behavior was reinforced while inappropriate behavior was ignored. Recently, researchers have implemented token programs which awarded tokens for appropriate behavior and removed them (response cost) for undesirable behavior (McLaughlin & Malaby, 1972; Phillips, Phillips, Fixsen, & Wolf, 1971). The purpose of this srudy was to determine the effects of using a combination of to…
Risky Firearms Behavior in Low-Income Families of Elementary School Children
The Impact of Poverty, Fear of Crime, and Crime Victimization on Keeping Firearms for Protection and Unsafe Gun-Storage Practices
This article reviews the literature with regard to firearms accidents among low-income, urban children younger than 13. The tendency of low-income families to keep unsecured protection guns may contribute to the higher rate of firearms accidents among low-income children. The evidence suggests that the decision to keep a gun for protection is largely a practical response to the conditions a person perceives in his or her neighborhood. Reducing th…
Set of Procedures to Improve Accuracy of Performance and Decrease Time to Complete Mathematics Problems
Many times contingency management procedures have been difficult to implement by a single teacher. In this report such procedures were used by a single teacher to increase the mean percent correct and decrease the time for the sixth-grade portion of a combination fifth/sixth grade class to complete sets of math problems. In Exp. I the pupils increased their accuracy of performance and maintained perfect scores as well as decreased the amount of t…
Note on Combined and Separate Effects of Token Reinforcement and Response Cost on Completing Assignments
In early token economy programs (e.g., Ayllon & Azrin, 1968), accepmble behavior was reinforced while inappropriate behavior was ignored. Recently, researchers have implemented token programs which awarded tokens for appropriate behavior and removed them (response cost) for undesirable behavior (McLaughlin & Malaby, 1972; Phillips, Phillips, Fixsen, & Wolf, 1971). The purpose of this srudy was to determine the effects of using a combination of to…
Note
The successful use of the techniques of operant conditioning to eliminate anorexia nervosa (disruption of normal eating and subsequent weight loss) has been reported in hospitals and out-patient setrings (Bachrach, Erwin, & Mohr, 1965) . The purpose of this study was to determine i f contingency management procedures could be successfully implemented by parents trained in a series of behavioral child management classes, to treat such a possible d…
Partial Component Analysis of an Inexpensive Token System across Two Classrooms
Establishing a Sight Reading Vocabulary in a Third Grade Disadvantaged Child
Previous research has shown that reinforcement procedures can be effective to increase the verbal behavior in certain special populations (Kerr, Meyerson, & Michael, 1965; Staats, Finley, Minke, & Wolf, 1964; Staats & Staats, 1962). The purpose of this paper was to develop a simple set of procedures to establish the alphabet and a sight vocabulary for a third-grade S. In Exp. I S was reinforced with candy for correctly naming the various upper an…
Differential Effects of Token Reinforcement to Increase Class Participation in Constructing Questions over Science Films
The use of audio-visual materials has been well documented for elementary school classrooms. The effectiveness of such materials should increase to the extent that pupils actually work with and attend to such materials. Since token-reinforcement procedures have been shown ro be effective in dealing with a wide variety of classroom behaviors (O'Leary & Drabman, 1971), it was decided to employ such a procedure to increase class participation during…
Intrinsic Reinforcers with Students in Special Education
In a token program the use of back-up reinforcers which are natural to the classroom environment is increasing. Several studies have reported the successful use of such natural (intrinsic) back-up reinforcers to control a wide variety of behaviors (McLaughlin, 1975 ) . However, a recent study by Evans, Horvath, Sanders, and Dolan (1974) found that having a teacher's assistant was more effective than a token reinforcement program for increasing ac…
Effects of the Behavioral Analysis Model of Follow-Through on the Reading and Arithmetic Achievement by Native American Elementary School Children
The present report compared the achievement of children (K to Grade 3) who had been continuously enrolled in the Behavior Analysis Model of Follow-through to that of poverty and minority children in urban areas without the Follow-through experience. The over-all scores on the Wide Range Achievement Test indicated that the Native American children in the program scored at or above grade level most of the time. The comparison children were below gr…
Use of Learning Centers, Achievement, and Attitudes of Students in Grade Nine Language Arts
Use of Learning Centers, Achievement, and Attitudes of Students in Grade Nine Language Arts
The effects of two types of teaching procedures in two Grade 9 language arts classes on 38 students’ achievement and motivation were evaluated. A pre- and posttest control group design was employed. The students in the treatment group were taught five months of the regular curriculum using learning centers while the control group were given a teacher-directed program without learning centers. Pre- and posttest scores were taken from an examinatio…
Use of Contingent Music to Increase Academic Performance of Middle-School Students
The present research evaluated the effects of contingent access to music on the academic performance of two junior high school students with disabilities. The use of response contingent music increased the number of correct problems completed in mathematics. A replication of baseline conditions resulted in a decrease in performance. Practical applications of the procedure were discussed
Use of Contingency Contracting to Increase On-Task Behavior with Primary Students
The effectiveness of contingency contracting to improve the on-task behavior of 3 primary-age students was evaluated using an ABABA single-subject replication design. The contract was developed by the teacher and the consequences were selected by the students. Increases in on-task behavior were observed each time that the contingency contracts were in effect. This study has important implications for the use of contracting with primary school chi…
Improving Disadvantaged Families' Educational Skills
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects for three families, each with a fifth-grade child at risk, of training in skills such as communicating with teachers and administrators, providing a quiet place for their child to work, and praising their child's appropriate changes in academic and social behaviors. The caregivers were trained by a university student in these skills and evaluated in an AB time series design. All three families…
Working on Grade Point Average, test Accuracy, and Attendance of High School Students
The present analysis examined grade point averages (GPA), subject-matter test scores, and attendance for 274 students enrolled in a high school at the beginning of the 1992–1993 school year by the number of hours worked per week in the previous year (1991–92) and in the current school year (1992–1993). The over-all outcomes indicated that working fewer than 10 hours per week had small adverse effects on each measure. Students working from 10 to 2…
The Impact of Poverty, Fear of Crime, and Crime Victimization on Keeping Firearms for Protection and Unsafe Gun-Storage Practices
This article reviews the literature with regard to firearms accidents among low-income, urban children younger than 13. The tendency of low-income families to keep unsecured protection guns may contribute to the higher rate of firearms accidents among low-income children. The evidence suggests that the decision to keep a gun for protection is largely a practical response to the conditions a person perceives in his or her neighborhood. Reducing th…
Risky Firearms Behavior in Low-Income Families of Elementary School Children
Psychology (16 obras) · Developmental psychology (9 obras) · Behavioral and Psychological Studies (8 obras) · Social Psychology (7 obras) · Social Psychology (7 obras) · Mathematics education (6 obras) · Medicine (6 obras) · Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills (4 obras) · Computer Science (4 obras) · Mathematics (4 obras)