Gerrit Olivier
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 76141 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Gerrit Olivier |
| NOMBRES | Gerrit |
| APELLIDO | Olivier |
| FIRMA | OLIVIER G |
| AFILIACIONES | Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9681-592X |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 48 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 53 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 46 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 2 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1974 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Stan Declercq, Comer al otro. Canibalismo, guerra y ritualidad entre los antiguos nahuas
“No estimavan en nada la muerte…”. El destino sacrificial en Mesoamérica
La actitud de las futuras víctimas ante su destino sacrificial ha sido interpretada de muy distintas maneras: el cumplimiento de una función cósmica para alimentar al Sol y a la Tierra, la aceptación en virtud de un fatalismo sostenido por la creencia en un destino ineluctable o el sometimiento a un sistema político que aterrorizaba a las poblaciones. Aunque son escasas las fuentes que describen el estado de ánimo de las víctimas, algunas represe…
Alfredo López Austin (1936-2021)
Coscomate!, se llama ‘coscomate’ Guillermo, del náhuatl cuezcomatl”; Alfredo López Austin alzó un poco la voz, para repetir —por tercera vez, pero siempre con una sonrisa—, el nombre de la troje que estaba frente a nosotros, mexicanismo que no lograba grabar en mi mente. Respuesta paciente de un gran maestro en cuya memoria extraordinaria cabían hasta los nombres de todos y cada uno de sus alumnos... ¡y fueron muchísimos! Tenía pocos meses de hab…
Alfredo López Austin (1936-2021)
Fig. 1 – Alfredo López Austin à El Tajín (photo Leonardo López Lujan) « Coscomate! ça s’appelle un “coscomate” Guillermo, du náhuatl cuezcómatl » ; Alfredo López Austin élève un peu la voix pour répéter, pour la troisième fois mais toujours avec le sourire, le nom du grenier qui se dressait devant les visiteurs, mexicanisme que Guilhem ne parvenait pas à retenir. Réponse patiente d’un grand professeur dont la mémoire prodigieuse conservait les no…
An Effigy of Tezcatlipoca From the Bilimek Collection in Vienna
Most representations of Tezcatlipoca, the supreme sorcerer of Late Postclassic central Mexico, come from the codices of the Mixteca-Puebla tradition. This important deity was also represented, however, in statues, wall paintings, bas-reliefs, as well as head-shaped ceramic pieces, the latter of which are little-known and poorly studied. In this study, we offer a detailed analysis of one of the best examples of Tezcatlipoca head-shaped ceramic pie…
Blood, Flowers, and Power
In this paper, I propose a new interpretation of Plate 44 of the Codex Borgia in the context of his central part, the most difficult to understand. The challenge is to demonstrate that Nowotny's (2005 [1961]) reading of this plate as a representation of a ritual of access to power can be combined with Boone's (2007) interpretation of the plate as a representation of a myth of the origin of flowers. In Mesoamerica, the nose-piercing ritual is part…
Painting the Skin
En el prólogo a este libro, Stephen D. Houston -autor de varios estudios sobre el color y sobre la percepción del color entre los mayas antiguos (Houston et al. 2009)- señala, en un marco comparativo amplio, los retos de un estudio sobre el acto de pintar la piel o las pieles en Mesoamérica. A partir de los productos utilizados en el maquillaje -o, más bien, de la pintura facial- de la reina Elizabeth I de Inglaterra, así como de las reacciones p…
Open Chests and Broken Hearts
Beyond the general idea of benefiting society and placating the divine, the polyvalent symbols and meanings of ancient religious sacrifices can be interpreted properly only after combining different disciplinary lenses. In this paper, we systematically scrutinize iconographic and ethnohistorical testimonies together with new skeletal and forensic evidence from across the Mesoamerican landscape in order to survey Mesoamerican heart sacrifices. Her…
Koos Prinsloo’s “New World”
This article uses the term “new world”, which features prominently in the first story in Koos Prinsloo’s debut collection, Jonkmanskas, to explore the developing relation-ship in his short stories between fiction and non-fiction, as well as processes of fiction- alisation and defictionalisation. I argue that Prinsloo’s radical transgression of the boundary between fiction and non-fiction, especially in the depiction of known public and other figu…
Le Codex de Xicotepec. Étude et interprétation/El Códice de Xicotepec. Estudio e interpretación
Moins spectaculaire que les grandes découvertes archéologiques, la mise à jour d’un nouveau manuscrit pictographique indigene du XVIe siècle représente pourtant un événement exceptionnel. À l’instar de l’apparition des peintures murales de Bonampak et de Cacaxtla ou de l’exhumation de la Pierre de Coyolxauhqui et de la tombe de Pacal à Palenque, la révélation par Guy Stresser-Péan et son épouse Claude Stresser-Péan de l’existence du Codex de Xico…
Montezuma ou l'apogée et la chute de l'empire aztèque
A partir de los años 1930-1940, paulatinamente, los historiadores fueron desdeñando el oficio de biógrafo. La influencia de la Escuela de los Anales -es decir, el afán de realizar una historia desde una perspectiva demográfica, económica y social, y la voluntad de rebasar los límites de una "histoire-bataille" enfocada exclusivamente hacia los personajes célebres- explica en parte esta evolución. De modo que los historiadores, especialmente acadé…
Acercamiento al estudio de los dioses de los mercaderes en el altiplano central del México prehispánico
Según fray Toribio de Benavente, o Motolinía, los indios del altiplano central dedicaban la gran fiesta de los muertos, Hueimiccailhuitl, a Yacatecuhtli, dios de los pochteca o mercaderes. Aprovecha la descripción de esta fiesta el franciscano para revelarnos la singular preocupación de Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin, quien indagó acerca del origen de esta deidad. La curiosidad del rey quedaría insatisfecha ya que sus informantes "... no le supieron deci…
Chasse et sacrifice en Mésoamérique (suite et fin)
Si la plupart des sociétés de chasseurs ne pratiquent pas de sacrifices, la Mésoamérique représente un cas exceptionnel d'une société étatique dont l'économie repose sur l'agriculture mais dont l'idéologie sacrificielle est fondée sur des pratiques cynégétiques. Centrée sur le cerf dont la capture est fréquemment comparée à celle de prisonniers de guerre, la chasse et les nombreux rituels qui l'accompagnent manifestent les liens étroits entre la …
Dimitri Karadimas ou la richesse de regards croisés entre l'Amazonie et la Mésoamérique
Foisonnante, l’œuvre de Dimitri Karadimas non seulement renouvelle les études sur l’histoire et l’anthropologie de l’aire amazonienne, mais aussi consolide et enrichit un dialogue amorcé il y a quelques années entre certains spécialistes de cette zone géographique et d’autres qui étudient la Mésoamérique. Ainsi, nos recherches sur la chasse en Mésoamérique nous ont conduit à des lectures diverses sur des pratiques cynégétiques dans d’autres régio…
Las cosas de la noche
La noche es, sin duda, alguna uno de los temas más prometedores de la antropología del nuevo milenio sobre el cual se implanta desde ahora una pléyade de coloquios, tesis e investigaciones de campo. Si la noche fue por largo tiempo el punto ciego de nuestra disciplina es porque la mirada, los hábitos y la experiencia del Occidente sobre esta otra mitad de nuestra existencia parecía racional y universal, mientras que aquellos de los Otros, exótico…
Chasse et sacrifice en Mésoamérique (première partie)
Si la plupart des sociétés de chasseurs ne pratiquent pas de sacrifices, la Mésoamérique représente un cas exceptionnel d'une société étatique dont l'économie repose sur l'agriculture mais dont l'idéologie sacrificielle est fondée sur des pratiques cynégétiques. Centrée sur le cerf dont la capture est fréquemment comparée à celle de prisonniers de guerre, la chasse et les nombreux rituels qui l'accompagnent manifestent les liens étroits entre la …
The Myth of Quetzalcoatl
"The Myth of Quetzalcoatl is a translation of Alfredo López Austin’s 1973 book Hombre-Dios: Religión y politica en el mundo náhuatl. Despite its pervasive and lasting influence on the study of Mesoamerican history, religion in general, and the Quetzalcoatl myth in particular, this work has not been available in English until now. The importance of Hombre-Dios and its status as a classic arise from its interdisciplinary approach, creative use of a…
Translating Gods
Although it was common in Mesoamerica to adopt foreign deities from other pantheons, less is known about the processes of “translating” foreign deities as a function of the divinities' attributes. This article analyzes the degree of intelligibility among pre-Hispanic K'iche’, P'urepecha, and Nahua peoples based on the study of patron gods Tohil and Curicaueri and their possible equivalents in the Central Highland pantheon. We can see that the sea…
Why give birth to enemies
Occulter les dieux et révéler les rois
Il s'agit de confronter la prohibition visuelle concernant la figure royale chez les Aztèques avec celle qui frappait le contenu des paquets sacrés formés de reliques divines enveloppées dans des pièces de tissus. Plusieurs rituels présentent des épisodes d'occultation et de révélation du souverain, ce dernier étant représenté par des individus qui personnifiaient des divinités et qui étaient sacrifiés à la place du roi. Nous proposons que l'inte…
Michel Graulich (1944-2015)
Michel Graulich au Grand Canyon en 2011. C’est avec une immense tristesse que nous avons appris la mort de Michel Graulich, le 11 février 2015 à Bruxelles. Né en 1944 à Orroir (Belgique), Graulich suit des études d’histoire de l’antiquité à l’université de Gand, puis d’histoire de l’art et d’archéologie à l’université libre de Bruxelles, où il obtient un doctorat en 1980, intitulé « Mythes et rituels du Mexique ancien préhispanique », préparé sou…
Penny Siopis
Enemy Brothers or Divine Twins
A presence of absence defines the ambivalent nature of Tezcatlipoca, the supreme deity of the Late Postclassic Aztec pantheon.In the dark ephemeral reflection of his obsidian mirror and the transient sound of his ceramic flower pipes lies the sensuous nature of a god who mediates materiality and invisibility with omniscience and omnipresence.These qualities are evident not only for the Aztecs but also for scholars today.As Michael Smith (this vol…
A Word from a Founder, to Those Who Follow
It is indeed gratifying to witness the fruits of an initiative of a small group of political \nscientists assembling at the University of Pretoria 40 years ago to establish \nthe South African Political Science Association (SAPSA), with Politikon as its \nflagship journal. From this inauspicious beginning, both SAPSA and Politikon \nhave become success stories, recognised nationally and internationally as the \nmain and representative fora of Sou…
Colin Richards (1954–2012)
The “fierce belonging” of Antjie Krog
Les paquets sacrés ou la mémoire cachée des Indiens du Mexique central (XVe-XVIe siècles)
The hidden memory : Sacred bundles among Indians of Central Mexico (ХVth-ХVIth centuries). The sacred bundles {tlaquimilolli in nahuatl) consist in relics, once abandonned by the gods, and they were worshipped in Central Mexico during the Post-Classic period, later on in the whole of Mesoamerica. Historical and mythical documents tell how native peoples obtained them, sometimes describing their contents as well as their usage and the cults dedica…
Open Chests and Broken Hearts
Beyond the general idea of benefiting society and placating the divine, the polyvalent symbols and meanings of ancient religious sacrifices can be interpreted properly only after combining different disciplinary lenses. In this paper, we systematically scrutinize iconographic and ethnohistorical testimonies together with new skeletal and forensic evidence from across the Mesoamerican landscape in order to survey Mesoamerican heart sacrifices. Her…
Why give birth to enemies
Le cerf et le roi
Le cerf et le roi : modèle sacrificiel et rite d'intronisation dans l'ancien Mexique. Après une brève description des rites préliminaires à la chasse et des techniques cynégétiques, cet article prétend établir un parallèle entre les cerfs chassés et les guerriers capturés et sacrifiés. De même, certains aspects des rites d'intronisation suggèrent que le futur roi était assimilé à une victime sacrificielle suivant un modèle qui pourrait renvoyer à…
The Myth of Quetzalcoatl
"The Myth of Quetzalcoatl is a translation of Alfredo López Austin’s 1973 book Hombre-Dios: Religión y politica en el mundo náhuatl. Despite its pervasive and lasting influence on the study of Mesoamerican history, religion in general, and the Quetzalcoatl myth in particular, this work has not been available in English until now. The importance of Hombre-Dios and its status as a classic arise from its interdisciplinary approach, creative use of a…
Hervormingstrategieë in Suid‐Afrika
This article explores the relevance of reform strategies in the South African context. The rationale underlying reform in South Africa is dealt with as well as the instruments of reform that are available to the decision makers. Both the former and the latter are dealt with against the background of factors which inhibit reform in South Africa. In conclusion, a number of guidelines relevant to reform in South Africa are suggested
Conflict regulation in South Africa
Change” has become a very important word in the South African political vocabulary. Being a deeply divided and pluralistic nation, South Africans fundamentally disagree among themselves concerning the nature and directions of change that ought to prevail in their country. The most important change‐agent, of course is the Afrikaner power establishment. Therefore, any realistic assessment of change in South Africa depends heavily on Afrikaner think…
An Effigy of Tezcatlipoca From the Bilimek Collection in Vienna
Most representations of Tezcatlipoca, the supreme sorcerer of Late Postclassic central Mexico, come from the codices of the Mixteca-Puebla tradition. This important deity was also represented, however, in statues, wall paintings, bas-reliefs, as well as head-shaped ceramic pieces, the latter of which are little-known and poorly studied. In this study, we offer a detailed analysis of one of the best examples of Tezcatlipoca head-shaped ceramic pie…
Is Thabo Mbeki Africa's Saviour
Foreign relations are the main preoccupation of South African president, Thabo Mbeki. His role perception is dominated by a mission to improve the plight of Africa, and second to that, to act as the Third World's überdiplomat. Under his administration, South Africa's foreign policy has become almost an adjunct of his more holistic diplomatic pursuits. The New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) is the magnum opus of Mbeki's foreign polic…
Espace, guerre et prospérité dans l'ancien Mexique central
Space, war and prosperity in ancient Central Mexico : the gods of the merchants in the Postclassic period. This article assembles the iconographical and written information relating to the gods of the merchands (pochteca) in Central Mexico during the Postclassic period. Beyond the analysis of the numerous names and representations of these deities, their adornments and the rituals associated with each of them illustrate the warlike character of c…
Die publiek, die parlement, die burokrasie en buitelandse beleid met spesiale verwysing na Suid‐Afrika
In this article some of the most important arguments in favour and against secret diplomacy in a democracy are discussed. Specific reference is made to the respective roles of parliament, the executive's upper echelon, the bureaucracy and public opinion. It is argued that foreign policy should be seen as a special area of governmental action where, for reasons of prudence, normal democratic processes and procedures cannot be expected to be follow…
The predictability of general election trends on the basis of by‐election results in South Africa
This article deals with the possibility of predicting the outcome of general elections on the basis of the results of by‐elections, with specific reference to a technique proposed and used by Professor Kleynhans. Three questions are dealt with. Firstly can by‐elections be used as valid samples of voters’ preferences regarding the different political parties; if so, secondly, can the by‐election prediction technique detect the correct trend in the…
The predictability of general election trends on the basis of by‐election results in South Africa
This article deals with the possibility of predicting the outcome of general elections on the basis of the results of by‐elections, with specific reference to a technique proposed and used by Professor Kleynhans. Three questions are dealt with. Firstly can by‐elections be used as valid samples of voters’ preferences regarding the different political parties; if so, secondly, can the by‐election prediction technique detect the correct trend in the…
Die publiek, die parlement, die burokrasie en buitelandse beleid met spesiale verwysing na Suid‐Afrika
In this article some of the most important arguments in favour and against secret diplomacy in a democracy are discussed. Specific reference is made to the respective roles of parliament, the executive's upper echelon, the bureaucracy and public opinion. It is argued that foreign policy should be seen as a special area of governmental action where, for reasons of prudence, normal democratic processes and procedures cannot be expected to be follow…
Conflict regulation in South Africa
Change” has become a very important word in the South African political vocabulary. Being a deeply divided and pluralistic nation, South Africans fundamentally disagree among themselves concerning the nature and directions of change that ought to prevail in their country. The most important change‐agent, of course is the Afrikaner power establishment. Therefore, any realistic assessment of change in South Africa depends heavily on Afrikaner think…
Hervormingstrategieë in Suid‐Afrika
This article explores the relevance of reform strategies in the South African context. The rationale underlying reform in South Africa is dealt with as well as the instruments of reform that are available to the decision makers. Both the former and the latter are dealt with against the background of factors which inhibit reform in South Africa. In conclusion, a number of guidelines relevant to reform in South Africa are suggested
Derrida, art and truth
This article examines the consequences of Derrida's strategy of deconstruction for the notion of ‘truth’ in art and aesthetics. Its point of departure is R.D. Cumming's ‘comparison’ of Heidegger and Derrida which shows the latter dismantling Heidegger's conception of the truth of the artwork. Whereas Heidegger wishes to restore to the artwork its autonomy, in this way hoping to return to an original experience of Being (forgotten since the time o…
Une vision romanesque des Indiens boliviens dans la littérature française du XXe siècle
El Indio boliviano según lo ve la literatura francesa del siglo XX a través de la novela L'homme à cheval de Drieu la Rochelle (1942). La experiencia latinoamericana del escritor colaborador de los nazis, cuando su estadía en Buenos Aires donde participó en la revista Sur, se hizo amigo de J.L. Borges, y sobre todo se mostró muy atento a la inspiracón de Alfred Métraux quien le hará conocer rápidamente a Bolivia. Análisis de los resortes íntimos …
Conquérants et missionnaires face au « péché abominable », essai sur l'homosexualité en Mésoamérique au moment de la conquête espagnole
Les pratiques et attitudes indigènes face à ce que les conquistadores ont appelé le « péché abominable » sont analysés en tenant compte des enjeux idéologiques et moraux qui suscitèrent la création du matériel ethnohistorique réuni. L'étude sociologique de l'homosexualité précolombienne, l'examen des phénomènes de travestissement, la mise en évidence de la dimension magico-religieuse de ces pratiques et la description de l'appareil répressif indi…
Joernaal van Jorik herlees
With reference to Ricoeur and Thompson's views on ideology and the criticism of ideology, this article offers a discursive analysis of D.J. Opperman's Joernaal van Jorik (1949). Key passages in the poem are analysed to show that the story of Jorik is closely linked to historical meta‐narratives about Western man, colonial history and the growth of a new nation at the Cape. The argument is that different intertexts in the poem are related to one a…
Is Daar 'n Storie in die Historie
(1992). Is Daar 'n Storie in die Historie? South African Historical Journal: Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 172-181
Afrikaans and South African Literature
The dichotomy between the ideal of a South African literature and the continued separate existence of different literatures in South Africa necessitates analysing the concept “South African literature” somewhat further. This is done by analysing N.P. Van Wyk Louw's ideas on national literature and the establishment of Afrikaans literature in the institutional sphere. Against this background it is argued that a further investigation into the histo…
Les paquets sacrés ou la mémoire cachée des Indiens du Mexique central (XVe-XVIe siècles)
The hidden memory : Sacred bundles among Indians of Central Mexico (ХVth-ХVIth centuries). The sacred bundles {tlaquimilolli in nahuatl) consist in relics, once abandonned by the gods, and they were worshipped in Central Mexico during the Post-Classic period, later on in the whole of Mesoamerica. Historical and mythical documents tell how native peoples obtained them, sometimes describing their contents as well as their usage and the cults dedica…
The “fierce belonging” of Antjie Krog
Espace, guerre et prospérité dans l'ancien Mexique central
Space, war and prosperity in ancient Central Mexico : the gods of the merchants in the Postclassic period. This article assembles the iconographical and written information relating to the gods of the merchands (pochteca) in Central Mexico during the Postclassic period. Beyond the analysis of the numerous names and representations of these deities, their adornments and the rituals associated with each of them illustrate the warlike character of c…
El héroe entre el mito y la historia
Quetzalcóatl, Alejandro Magno, Emiliano Zapata, Inkarrí, Beltrán de Born, Nezahualcóyotl, Cong Hoy y Miguel Hidalgo se cuentan entre las complejas figuras heroicas analizadas en este volumen. La idea de reflexionar sobre el tema «El héroe entre el mito y la historia», en un coloquio organizado por Federico Navarrete y Guilhem Olivier del cual proceden los textos reunidos en este volumen, surgió del interés que, desde hace algunos años, vuelven a …
Images de déesses ou prostituées ? Les ahuianime de l'ancien Mexique central
Desprestigiadas pero también consideradas como un «mal necesario», las ahuianime del México antiguo son descritas por los cronistas españoles y los informantes indígenas de manera ambigua. Algunas de ellas estaban integradas a la sociedad mexica a través de ritos públicos, mientras que otras se dedicaban probablemente a una prostitución individual deshonrada. Comparadas con «víctimas de sacrificio», en parte por su destino considerado como funest…
Is Thabo Mbeki Africa's Saviour
Foreign relations are the main preoccupation of South African president, Thabo Mbeki. His role perception is dominated by a mission to improve the plight of Africa, and second to that, to act as the Third World's überdiplomat. Under his administration, South Africa's foreign policy has become almost an adjunct of his more holistic diplomatic pursuits. The New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) is the magnum opus of Mbeki's foreign polic…
The European union and South Africa
The longstanding relationship between the European Union and South Africa comes under the spotlight, with particular emphasis on the proposed Strategic Partnership Agreement, which would elevate relations to a new level
Michel Graulich, Le Sacrifice humain chez les Aztèques
Parmi les manifestations religieuses des peuples de l’ancien Mexique, la pratique du sacrifice humain est sans doute celle qui a le plus frappé les esprits, depuis les témoignages espagnols au xvie siècle jusqu’aux interprétations des spécialistes modernes. Cependant, la bibliographie sur ce thème fondamental pour appréhender les civilisations précolombiennes demeure curieusement peu abondante. Avec Le Sacrifice humain chez les Aztèques, Michel G…
Henry B. Nicholson (1925-2007)
il avait ddi sa vie l'tude de l'ancien Mexi que, en particulier l'art el la religion aztques dont il ta it devenu l' un des plus grands spcialistes, mondi alement reconnu
Le cerf et le roi
Le cerf et le roi : modèle sacrificiel et rite d'intronisation dans l'ancien Mexique. Après une brève description des rites préliminaires à la chasse et des techniques cynégétiques, cet article prétend établir un parallèle entre les cerfs chassés et les guerriers capturés et sacrifiés. De même, certains aspects des rites d'intronisation suggèrent que le futur roi était assimilé à une victime sacrificielle suivant un modèle qui pourrait renvoyer à…
Loyal resistance’
The article analyses the seminal role played by the poet N.P. van Wyk Louw in defining the intellectual in Afrikaans public discourse. It shows that Van Wyk Louw’s defence of key concepts such as ‘liberal nationalism’ and ‘the open discussion’ in the 1950s was a movement away from his earlier views on Afrikaner nationalism, in which he focused on non‐rational forces. In the contested terrain of debates on Afrikaner nationalism Van Wyk Louw emphas…
Cerfs mélomanes et chasseurs lubriques
The Cambridge History of South African Literature
South Africa's unique history has produced literatures in many languages, in both oral and written forms, reflecting the diversity in the cultural histories and experiences of its people. The Cambridge History offers a comprehensive, multi-authored history of South African literature in all eleven official languages (and more minor ones) of the country, produced by a team of over forty international experts, including contributors from all of the…
A Word from a Founder, to Those Who Follow
It is indeed gratifying to witness the fruits of an initiative of a small group of political \nscientists assembling at the University of Pretoria 40 years ago to establish \nthe South African Political Science Association (SAPSA), with Politikon as its \nflagship journal. From this inauspicious beginning, both SAPSA and Politikon \nhave become success stories, recognised nationally and internationally as the \nmain and representative fora of Sou…
Colin Richards (1954–2012)
Art (29 obras) · Latin American history and culture (17 obras) · Humanities (16 obras) · History (15 obras) · Philosophy (15 obras) · Law (11 obras) · Political science (10 obras) · Politics (9 obras) · Ancient history (8 obras) · Sociology (8 obras)