Janet Ward Schofield
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 938734 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Janet Ward Schofield |
| NOMBRES | Janet Ward |
| APELLIDO | Schofield |
| FIRMA | SCHOFIELD J W |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Pittsburgh |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 25 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 165 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 25 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1975 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2010 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Intergroup friendships on campus
Intergroup friendships have been linked to important outcomes such as reduced prejudice, increased empathy for outgroups, and lower intergroup anxiety. However, little is known about the factors facilitating such friendships. This longitudinal study therefore examined factors associated with the development of friendships between White and African American freshmen at a predominantly White university. African American (vs. White) and male (vs. fe…
Sense of Belonging and Persistence in White and African American First-Year Students
Sense of Belonging as a Predictor of Intentions to Persist Among African American and White First-Year College Students
School Desegregation and Social Science Research
Research on the effects of school desegregation, once quite common in psychology and related fields, has declined considerably since the mid-1980s. Factors contributing to changes in the quantity and focus of such research since the Brown v. Board of Education (1954) decision are discussed, with an emphasis on those related to the decline of this research in the last 2 decades. These factors include the nation's retreat from the policy of school …
The Impact of Internet Use on Relationships Between Teachers and Students
A 5-year primarily qualitative study of a major effort to bring the Internet to a large urban school district in the United States suggests that Internet use brought about unplanned as well as planned change in classroom roles and relationships. Specifically, it increased student autonomy, due to factors including increased student access to external resources, technical difficulties arising when students all tried to do the exact same thing on t…
Inside Desegregated Schools
Psychology
The impact of computer use on classroom structure and functioning is examined. The most consistently found effect is an increase in motivation and closely related constructs. Computer use also appears to foster peer interaction, typically of a cooperative and mutually supportive nature. In addition, teachers often shift from whole group instructional methods emphasizing lecturing to interacting more with individuals or small groups of students in…
New Theoretical Insights Suggest New Approaches to Research
Teachers, Computer Tutors, and Teaching
This article documents, explores, and explains a paradox—that students who assert that a teacher provides better help than an artificially intelligent computer-based tutor nonetheless prefer using the tutor to learning in a more traditional manner and appear to learn more while doing so. An intensive qualitative study of eight classrooms using the tutors as well as control and comparison classrooms suggests three factors that account for this see…
Artificial Intelligence in the Classroom
This study assessed the impact of utilization of an artificially intelligent geometry proof tutor on classroom social processes. Both teachers' and students' behaviors changed. Teachers devoted more time to their slower students, treated students in a more collegial fashion, and increased their emphasis on effort in grading students. Students showed a marked increase in task-related effort and involvement. This change appeared to be due to an inc…
Black and white in school
Different by Design
By exploring the lives of three magnet schools in a large American city, the author shows how these schools were affected by community political struggles. The book reveals the influences which shape students' experiences in the USA
The Day After
The Day After
A meta-analysis of research on adolescent contraceptive use
White Teacher, Black School
Peer preferences in a desegregated school
Black-White Contact in Schools
Peer Nomination vs. Rating Scale Measurement of Children's Peer Preferences
Uncharted territory
Racial and behavioral cues in Black and White children's perceptions of ambiguously aggressive acts
To explore the way in which the interpretation of ambiguous social behavior can be influenced by racial stereotypes and cultural differences, 40 black and 40 white 6th-grade males were shown a variety of ambiguously aggressive behaviors performed by black and white stimulus figures. As predicted, both black and white preadolescents rated these behaviors as more mean and threatening when the perpetrator was black than when he was white. In contras…
The Impact of Positively Structured Contact on Intergroup Behavior
Interracial interaction patterns were observed in a new school selected for study because its sixth and seventh grades came close to meeting the conditions Allport (1954) specified as conducive to improved intergroup relations. The school's eighth grade, however, did not meet these conditions since its students were divided into a predominantly white accelerated track and a predominantly black regular track. A previous study carried out during th…
Orientation in Social Psychology
Peer Interaction Patterns in an Integrated Middle School
The interaction of black and white students in a new open enrollment desegregated middle school which meets most of the criteria Allport (1954) specified as important in fostering positive intergroup relations was studied. Seating patterns in the cafeteria were observed during the school's first year of operation. Analysis of these patterns using indices based on Campbell et al.'s (1966) formula for analyzing racial aggregation suggested: (a) rac…
Effect of norms, public disclosure, and need for approval on volunteering behavior consistent with attitudes
Racial and behavioral cues in Black and White children's perceptions of ambiguously aggressive acts
To explore the way in which the interpretation of ambiguous social behavior can be influenced by racial stereotypes and cultural differences, 40 black and 40 white 6th-grade males were shown a variety of ambiguously aggressive behaviors performed by black and white stimulus figures. As predicted, both black and white preadolescents rated these behaviors as more mean and threatening when the perpetrator was black than when he was white. In contras…
Peer Interaction Patterns in an Integrated Middle School
The interaction of black and white students in a new open enrollment desegregated middle school which meets most of the criteria Allport (1954) specified as important in fostering positive intergroup relations was studied. Seating patterns in the cafeteria were observed during the school's first year of operation. Analysis of these patterns using indices based on Campbell et al.'s (1966) formula for analyzing racial aggregation suggested: (a) rac…
The Impact of Positively Structured Contact on Intergroup Behavior
Interracial interaction patterns were observed in a new school selected for study because its sixth and seventh grades came close to meeting the conditions Allport (1954) specified as conducive to improved intergroup relations. The school's eighth grade, however, did not meet these conditions since its students were divided into a predominantly white accelerated track and a predominantly black regular track. A previous study carried out during th…
Intergroup friendships on campus
Intergroup friendships have been linked to important outcomes such as reduced prejudice, increased empathy for outgroups, and lower intergroup anxiety. However, little is known about the factors facilitating such friendships. This longitudinal study therefore examined factors associated with the development of friendships between White and African American freshmen at a predominantly White university. African American (vs. White) and male (vs. fe…
School Desegregation and Social Science Research
Research on the effects of school desegregation, once quite common in psychology and related fields, has declined considerably since the mid-1980s. Factors contributing to changes in the quantity and focus of such research since the Brown v. Board of Education (1954) decision are discussed, with an emphasis on those related to the decline of this research in the last 2 decades. These factors include the nation's retreat from the policy of school …
Effect of norms, public disclosure, and need for approval on volunteering behavior consistent with attitudes
A meta-analysis of research on adolescent contraceptive use
Peer Nomination vs. Rating Scale Measurement of Children's Peer Preferences
Psychology
The impact of computer use on classroom structure and functioning is examined. The most consistently found effect is an increase in motivation and closely related constructs. Computer use also appears to foster peer interaction, typically of a cooperative and mutually supportive nature. In addition, teachers often shift from whole group instructional methods emphasizing lecturing to interacting more with individuals or small groups of students in…
Peer preferences in a desegregated school
Uncharted territory
Artificial Intelligence in the Classroom
This study assessed the impact of utilization of an artificially intelligent geometry proof tutor on classroom social processes. Both teachers' and students' behaviors changed. Teachers devoted more time to their slower students, treated students in a more collegial fashion, and increased their emphasis on effort in grading students. Students showed a marked increase in task-related effort and involvement. This change appeared to be due to an inc…
Effect of norms, public disclosure, and need for approval on volunteering behavior consistent with attitudes
Peer Interaction Patterns in an Integrated Middle School
The interaction of black and white students in a new open enrollment desegregated middle school which meets most of the criteria Allport (1954) specified as important in fostering positive intergroup relations was studied. Seating patterns in the cafeteria were observed during the school's first year of operation. Analysis of these patterns using indices based on Campbell et al.'s (1966) formula for analyzing racial aggregation suggested: (a) rac…
Orientation in Social Psychology
The Impact of Positively Structured Contact on Intergroup Behavior
Interracial interaction patterns were observed in a new school selected for study because its sixth and seventh grades came close to meeting the conditions Allport (1954) specified as conducive to improved intergroup relations. The school's eighth grade, however, did not meet these conditions since its students were divided into a predominantly white accelerated track and a predominantly black regular track. A previous study carried out during th…
Racial and behavioral cues in Black and White children's perceptions of ambiguously aggressive acts
To explore the way in which the interpretation of ambiguous social behavior can be influenced by racial stereotypes and cultural differences, 40 black and 40 white 6th-grade males were shown a variety of ambiguously aggressive behaviors performed by black and white stimulus figures. As predicted, both black and white preadolescents rated these behaviors as more mean and threatening when the perpetrator was black than when he was white. In contras…
Uncharted territory
Black-White Contact in Schools
Peer Nomination vs. Rating Scale Measurement of Children's Peer Preferences
White Teacher, Black School
Peer preferences in a desegregated school
The Day After
The Day After
A meta-analysis of research on adolescent contraceptive use
Different by Design
By exploring the lives of three magnet schools in a large American city, the author shows how these schools were affected by community political struggles. The book reveals the influences which shape students' experiences in the USA
Black and white in school
Artificial Intelligence in the Classroom
This study assessed the impact of utilization of an artificially intelligent geometry proof tutor on classroom social processes. Both teachers' and students' behaviors changed. Teachers devoted more time to their slower students, treated students in a more collegial fashion, and increased their emphasis on effort in grading students. Students showed a marked increase in task-related effort and involvement. This change appeared to be due to an inc…
New Theoretical Insights Suggest New Approaches to Research
Teachers, Computer Tutors, and Teaching
This article documents, explores, and explains a paradox—that students who assert that a teacher provides better help than an artificially intelligent computer-based tutor nonetheless prefer using the tutor to learning in a more traditional manner and appear to learn more while doing so. An intensive qualitative study of eight classrooms using the tutors as well as control and comparison classrooms suggests three factors that account for this see…
Psychology
The impact of computer use on classroom structure and functioning is examined. The most consistently found effect is an increase in motivation and closely related constructs. Computer use also appears to foster peer interaction, typically of a cooperative and mutually supportive nature. In addition, teachers often shift from whole group instructional methods emphasizing lecturing to interacting more with individuals or small groups of students in…
Inside Desegregated Schools
The Impact of Internet Use on Relationships Between Teachers and Students
A 5-year primarily qualitative study of a major effort to bring the Internet to a large urban school district in the United States suggests that Internet use brought about unplanned as well as planned change in classroom roles and relationships. Specifically, it increased student autonomy, due to factors including increased student access to external resources, technical difficulties arising when students all tried to do the exact same thing on t…
School Desegregation and Social Science Research
Research on the effects of school desegregation, once quite common in psychology and related fields, has declined considerably since the mid-1980s. Factors contributing to changes in the quantity and focus of such research since the Brown v. Board of Education (1954) decision are discussed, with an emphasis on those related to the decline of this research in the last 2 decades. These factors include the nation's retreat from the policy of school …
Sense of Belonging as a Predictor of Intentions to Persist Among African American and White First-Year College Students
Sense of Belonging and Persistence in White and African American First-Year Students
Intergroup friendships on campus
Intergroup friendships have been linked to important outcomes such as reduced prejudice, increased empathy for outgroups, and lower intergroup anxiety. However, little is known about the factors facilitating such friendships. This longitudinal study therefore examined factors associated with the development of friendships between White and African American freshmen at a predominantly White university. African American (vs. White) and male (vs. fe…
Psychology (21 obras) · Social Psychology (15 obras) · Social Psychology (11 obras) · Sociology (9 obras) · Developmental psychology (8 obras) · School Choice and Performance (6 obras) · White (mutation (6 obras) · Mathematics education (5 obras) · Political science (5 obras) · Applied Psychology (4 obras)