Louis A Schmidt
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 94942 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Louis A Schmidt |
| NOMBRES | Louis A |
| APELLIDO | Schmidt |
| FIRMA | SCHMIDT L A |
| AFILIACIONES | University of California, San Francisco |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4346-7260 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 77 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 94 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 77 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1990 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Purdue's development of abuse-deterrent formulation opioids as a response to market competition
Background: The opioid overdose crisis constituted one of the greatest public emergencies in US history. The overpromotion and overprescription of oxycodone and Purdue Pharma's branded formulation, OxyContin, have been implicated as key drivers of the opioid overdose crisis. This study sought to understand Purdue's motivations in developing opioid abuse-deterrent formulations, drugs designed to reduce misuse, abuse, and diversion of prescription …
Shyness Associations With Approach/Avoidance-Related Behaviors in Clinically Anxious Adults in Canada
We explored whether emotional intelligence (EI) and its four dimensions individually promoted approach-related behaviors (i.e., sociability) or mitigated avoidance-related behaviors (i.e., internalizing behaviors) in adults clinically diagnosed with anxiety prior to undergoing cognitive behavioral therapy. Participants were 160 patients ( M age = 39.50 years, SD = 13.65, 28.1% male) who completed online questionnaires related to shyness, EI, soci…
A Cross‐Cultural Study of Different Types of Shyness
Previous studies have shown that the expression of childhood shyness varies across Western and Eastern cultures. This study examined whether two East Asian subtypes of shyness (anxious and regulated) existed in both a Western and East Asian context; and if so, whether there were differences in the relation between these two subtypes and children's internalizing and externalizing behaviors across country. Participants were children aged 8–10 years…
My parent is acting different, should I be worried?” child temperament and caregiver emotional consistency in predicting child anxiety in the surgical setting
Parent-child interactions can vary in different contexts contributing to differences in children's behaviors. Using a short-term longitudinal design, we examined whether caregiver emotional consistency (CEC) moderated the relation between children's temperament and preoperative anxiety in a unique real-world, ecologically salient context: the surgical setting. Participants were 102 children ( M age = 10.5 years, SD age = 1.7, range = 8-13 years, …
What Do We Think of Shy Adults? Influence of One's Own Shyness and Sociability
OBJECTIVE: Shyness is a ubiquitous personality characteristic present across historical time and cultures. Yet, little is known about perceptions of shy adults in Western society. We examined emerging adults' perceptions of shy and sociable women and whether one's own personality influenced their perceptions. METHOD: = 19.07 years) were randomized to read a vignette describing either a prototypical shy woman or a prototypical sociable woman and r…
Enacting healthy checkout policies
Objective: To examine policy processes and industry opposition surrounding the first US healthy checkout ordinances (HCO), which mandate nutritional standards for foods and beverages displayed in grocery checkout areas. Design: Qualitative case study comparison using Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Framework, triangulating city records, advocacy materials and key informant interviews. Setting: Local governments of Berkeley and Perris, California, USA.…
Managing public-private partnerships in public health nutrition requires ‘deep professionalism’
Managing public-private partnerships in public health nutrition requires “deep professionalism”. Editorial comment on “Managing engagement among public, private and civil society actors participating in NewTools – a research partnership on food profiling”
The impact of a water promotion and access intervention on elementary school students in the presence of food insecurity
Objective: School-based interventions encouraging children to replace sugar-sweetened beverages with water show promise for reducing child overweight. However, students with child food insecurity (CFI) may not respond to nutrition interventions like children who are food-secure. Design: The Water First cluster-randomised trial found that school water access and promotion prevented child overweight and increased water intake. This secondary analys…
Generational Trends in Children’s Shyness
Neural Sensitivity to Ambiguous Social Exclusion Reflects Information Processing Bias in Midadolescents With Higher Levels of Aggression
Aggression is commonly associated with increased experiences of peer rejection and maladaptive social information processing biases throughout development. Little is known about the neural correlates of peer rejection that might underlie social information processing biases, and whether these neural correlates are common or different across early‐ and mid‐adolescents on a continuum of aggression. Using the Cyberball task, we examined mediofrontal…
Caring Too Much or Too Little? Relations Among Motivations for Social Withdrawal, Empathy, and Prosociality in Emerging Adulthood
Most previous work examining relations between social withdrawal and social cognition has focused primarily on empathy‐related behaviors in shy children. However, there are different underlying reasons to withdraw from social interactions, which may be differentially related to aspects of social cognition throughout the lifespan. The present study investigated relations among the different motivations for social withdrawal (i.e., shyness, avoidan…
Is the commercial determinants conversation confined to the health sciences? Potentially, and that’s a problem
The commercial determinants of health (CDoH) are attracting increased interest and are of great importance when discussing how trade affects health. Through a citation analysis of recent foundational CDoH documents (a Lancet paper series and an Oxford University textbook), we find that fully 71% of all citations reference the health sciences. The health sciences may be well suited to documenting the specific pathways of how commercial (by)product…
De-normalizing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption
Among lower-income populations, social norms and attitudes towards the healthfulness of SSBs meaningfully declined over time, with smaller tax-related effects. SSB taxes as well as the local media attention they generate appear to affect people's perceptions of SSBs. Pairing SSB taxes with messaging campaigns may be more effective in de-normalizing SSB consumption
Did a workplace sugar-sweetened beverage sales ban reduce anxiety-related sugar-sweetened beverage consumption during the Covid-19 pandemic
Objective: Workplace sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) sales bans can reduce SSB consumption. Because stress and anxiety can promote sugar consumption, we examined whether anxiety among hospital employees during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with changes in SSB consumption and explored whether this relationship varied by exposure to a workplace SSB sales ban. Design: In a prospective, controlled trial of workplace SSB sales bans, we examined …
Shyness and inhibitory control in preschool dyads
The risk potentiation model of cognitive control posits that inhibitory control heightens children's risk for problematic outcomes in the context of shyness because it limits shy children's ability to engage flexibly with their environment. Although there is empirical support for the risk potentiation model, most studies have been restricted to parent report of children's outcomes and do not consider the influence of shyness and inhibitory contro…
How biology shapes the development of shyness within specific contexts
Shyness is a temperamental trait that refers to fear and wariness in the face of social novelty and is known to have a biological basis. One proposed physiological correlate of shyness has been the change in respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) from baseline to a stressor. However, past research linking shyness and RSA change has been mixed, which may be, in part, due to a failure to carefully consider the context under which RSA change is measured…
Pathways from climate change to emotional wellbeing
Climate change is associated with adverse mental and emotional health outcomes. Social and economic factors are well-known drivers of mental health, yet comparatively few studies examine the social and economic pathways through which climate change affects mental health. There is additionally a lack of research on climate change and mental health in sub-Saharan Africa. This qualitative study aimed to identify potential social and economic pathway…
Controlled trial of a workplace sales ban on sugar-sweetened beverages
Objective: To examine the effectiveness of a workplace sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) sales ban on reducing SSB consumption in employees, including those with cardiometabolic disease risk factors. Design: A controlled trial of ethnically diverse, full-time employees who consumed SSB heavily (sales ban n 315; control n 342). Outcomes included standardised measures of change in SSB consumption in the workplace (primary) and at home between baseline…
Alignment in local approaches to alcohol and cannabis control policy
We found few similarities between local alcohol and cannabis control policies. California's experience suggests that, as governments around the world legalize cannabis, lessons learned from regulating alcohol are not routinely applied to cannabis, particularly in communities distinguished by high social and economic advantages
Maternal involvement and adolescents' psychological and academic adjustment after Covid ‐19 return‐to‐school
The current study examined the idea that maternal involvement during the COVID-19 school closure period could contribute to the development of adolescents' daily routines, which could ultimately associate with their psychological and academic adjustment after return-to-school. Data were collected from 520 Chinese adolescents (M age = 12.75 years, SD age = 1.48 years) and their mothers during the COVID-19 school closure and one year after return-t…
Shyness, inhibitory control, and social support seeking in preschoolers
The risk potentiation model of cognitive control posits that inhibitory control may heighten the risk for problematic outcomes among some temperamental styles characterized by high reactivity. Because shyness is a temperamental style defined as wariness and heightened reactivity to social novelty, we examined whether the interaction between shyness and inhibitory control predicted social support seeking differently depending on context using a be…
Psychometric perspectives on shyness across the lifespan
This study examined mean-levels of shyness from childhood to senescence. To improve validity in our shyness measure across age, we used two different but comparable shyness scales in adult and child/adolescent datasets that were created separately within a repeated cross-sectional design. In the adult analysis (N = 1,294, ages = 17–86), measurement invariance (through multi-group confirmatory factor analysis and the alignment method) was establis…
Age-related differences in behavioral problems between shy adults and shy children
Equity in Coverage of Local Cannabis Control Policies in California, 2020‒2021
Objectives. To assess whether cannabis control policies that may protect public health were adopted evenly across California localities with differing sociodemographic compositions. Methods. From November 2020 to January 2021, we measured cannabis control policies for 241 localities across California and linked them to data on the characteristics of the communities affected by these policies. We evaluated whether disadvantaged communities were mo…
Food and beverage industry interference in science and policy
Mexico is the largest soft drink market in the world, with high rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Due to strains on the nation’s productivity and healthcare spending, Mexican lawmakers implemented one of the world’s first public health taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in 2014. Because Mexico’s tax was designed to reduce SSB consumption, it faced strong opposition from transnational food and beverage corporations. We analysed previous…
Alcohol and drug problems among diverse health and social service populations
OBJECTIVES. This study responds to clinical and research interest in identifying alcohol- and drug-related problems in health and social service agency populations. These problems are associated with a variety of illnesses and social problems, and community agencies serve important screening functions. METHODS. Indicators of problematic alcohol and drug use are compared across representative samples of clients within a county's alcohol, mental he…
Substance abuse and the course of welfare dependency
OBJECTIVES: New provisions in welfare reform target recipients with addictions, even though there is limited research on how substance abuse affects people's experiences on welfare. This prospective study examined substance abuse as a determinant of subsequent welfare dependency. METHODS: Representative samples of clients on Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) and general assistance in a California county were interviewed while applyin…
Reconsidering the Effects of Poverty and Social Support on Health
Variation in hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity among bullied and non‐bullied children
We examined the relationship between being bullied during childhood and activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis as assessed through repeated measures of salivary cortisol. A non‐clinical sample of 154 (74 boys) predominantly Caucasian middle‐class 12‐year‐olds each provided detailed information about their experiences with bullying and six saliva samples were standardized across time and day. Children with a history of child mal…
Problem Drinkers and the Welfare Bureaucracy
Local welfare systems in the United States have few incentives and no official mandate to address alcohol-related problems in their clientele. Nonetheless, problem drinkers remain a "disreputable" and problematic social service population: they pose a challenge to the bureaucratic efficiency and public image of welfare, as well as to the moral sensibilities and legal perceptions of the workers who staff these systems. This article charts the proc…
Transferring Racial/Ethnic Marketing Strategies From Tobacco to Food Corporations
Objectives. To investigate the transfer of marketing knowledge and infrastructure for targeting racial/ethnic minorities from the tobacco to the food and beverage industry in the United States. Methods. We analyzed internal industry documents between April 2018 and April 2019 from the University of California San Francisco Truth Tobacco Industry Documents Library, triangulated with other sources. Results. In the 1980s, Philip Morris Companies pur…
Preemption in Tobacco Control
Preemption—when a higher level of government limits the authority of a lower level to enact new policies—has been devastating to tobacco control. We developed a preemption framework based on this experience for anticipating and responding to the possibility of preemption in other public health areas. We analyzed peer-reviewed literature, reports, and government documents pertaining to tobacco control preemption. We triangulated data and thematica…
State Preemption
We sought to examine the strategies promoting and countering state preemption of local sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes in the United States. Using Crosbie and Schmidt’s tobacco preemption framework, we analyzed key tactics used by the SSB industry to achieve state preemption of local taxes identified in news sources, industry Web sites, government reports, and public documents. Starting in 2017, 4 states rejected and 4 passed laws preempting…
Social and Political Factors Associated With State-Level Legalization of Cannabis in the United States
Thirty-three U.S. states and the District of Columbia (DC) have legalized the use of marijuana for medicinal purposes and 10 states and DC have legalized marijuana for adult recreational use. This mirrors an international trend toward relaxing restrictions on marijuana. This article analyzes patterns in marijuana laws across U.S. states to shed light on the social and political forces behind the liberalization of marijuana policy following a long…
Barriers to Identifying Substance Abuse in the Reformed Welfare System
Substance abuse has been identified as a potential barrier to employment in the reformed welfare system. This article uses interviews with frontline welfare workers and policy makers to examine the process of identifying welfare clients for substance abuse services. Workers’ accounts reveal that official welfare policy, day‐to‐day work conditions, relationships with clients, and the unstated stigma surrounding substance abuse create an environmen…
Identification with ancestral culture is associated with fewer internalizing problems among older Naskapi adolescents
The manifestations of externalizing and internalizing behaviors among minority adolescents might best be understood by examining their relation to culturally specific factors, such as cultural identity, as well as to factors that seem to be relevant across cultures, such as age and gender. In this study, we examined the roles of age and gender in moderating the relation between self-reported cultural identity and externalizing and internalizing p…
Young People’s More Permissive Views About Marijuana
Objectives. To determine whether state medical marijuana laws “send the wrong message,” that is, have a local influence on the views of young people about the risks of using marijuana. Methods. We performed multilevel, serial, cross-sectional analyses on 10 annual waves of the US National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2004–2013) nationally and for states with marijuana laws using individual- and state-level controls. Results. Living in medical m…
Is shyness context specific? Relation between shyness and online self-disclosure with and without a live webcam in young adults
Approach-avoidance conflict and shyness
One long-standing theoretical model of shyness proposes that the origins and maintenance of shyness are associated with an approach-avoidance motivational conflict (Asendorpf, 1990), such that shy individuals are motivated to socially engage (high approach motivation) but are too anxious to do so (high avoidance motivation). However, this model has not been empirically tested in predicting the development of shyness. In two separate longitudinal …
Emerging threats of global preemption to nutrition labelling
Overconsumption of globalized commodities, including tobacco, alcohol and ultra-processed foods, are among the most important non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors (GBD 2016 Risk Factors Collaborators 2017). Transnational corporations (TNCs) increasingly market these commodities to vulnerable groups, including the young and the poor, and aggressively lobby governments for trade and investment agreements that constrain regulatory environment…
Sex Differences in the Expression and Use of Computer-Mediated Affective Language
Although women have been stereotyped as more emotionally expressive than men, the extant empirical evidence on sex differences in the expression and use of affective communication is equivocal. The authors examined the influence of sex and context on the expression and use of computer-mediated affective language in a sample of young adults. A total of 56 undergraduates (28 males, 28 females) were paired in same-sex dyads and randomly assigned to …
How biology shapes the development of shyness within specific contexts
Shyness is a temperamental trait that refers to fear and wariness in the face of social novelty and is known to have a biological basis. One proposed physiological correlate of shyness has been the change in respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) from baseline to a stressor. However, past research linking shyness and RSA change has been mixed, which may be, in part, due to a failure to carefully consider the context under which RSA change is measured…
Benefit or burden? A sociotechnical analysis of diagnostic computer kiosks in four California hospital emergency departments
From Enabling to Bootstrapping
In the United States, a trope of “deservingness” shapes policy related to public aid and substance abuse. In recent decades, poor people with substance use problems have increasingly been seen as “undeserving.” Federal welfare reform, passed in the mid-1990s, is an important exemplar of this trend. Welfare reform empowered line workers to directly and indirectly withhold aid from people with substance use problems. This paper uses in-depth interv…
Problem Drinkers and the Welfare Bureaucracy
Local welfare systems in the United States have few incentives and no official mandate to address alcohol-related problems in their clientele. Nonetheless, problem drinkers remain a "disreputable" and problematic social service population: they pose a challenge to the bureaucratic efficiency and public image of welfare, as well as to the moral sensibilities and legal perceptions of the workers who staff these systems. This article charts the proc…
Low Self-Esteem in Differentiating Fearful and Self-Conscious Forms of Shyness
Differences between fearfully and self-consciously shy individuals in self-esteem were investigated. Analysis indicated that fearfully (n = 45) compared to self-consciously (n = 40) shy individuals self-reported lower self-esteem. This result suggests that the role of low self-esteem may be different for each shyness subtype. A possible explanation was proffered
Alcohol and drug problems among diverse health and social service populations
OBJECTIVES. This study responds to clinical and research interest in identifying alcohol- and drug-related problems in health and social service agency populations. These problems are associated with a variety of illnesses and social problems, and community agencies serve important screening functions. METHODS. Indicators of problematic alcohol and drug use are compared across representative samples of clients within a county's alcohol, mental he…
Substance abuse and the course of welfare dependency
OBJECTIVES: New provisions in welfare reform target recipients with addictions, even though there is limited research on how substance abuse affects people's experiences on welfare. This prospective study examined substance abuse as a determinant of subsequent welfare dependency. METHODS: Representative samples of clients on Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) and general assistance in a California county were interviewed while applyin…
Are Women Who Are Shy Reluctant to Take Risks? Behavioral and Psychophysiological Correlates
Continuity and Discontinuity of Behavioral Inhibition and Exuberance
Four-month-old infants were screened (N = 433) for temperamental patterns thought to predict behavioral inhibition, including motor reactivity and the expression of negative affect. Those selected (N = 153) were assessed at multiple age points across the first 4 years of life for behavioral signs of inhibition as well as psychophysiological markers of frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry. Four-month temperament was modestly predictive of …
Frontal Electroencephalogram Activation Asymmetry, Emotional Intelligence, and Externalizing Behaviors in 10-Year-Old Children
Scraps as it were’
From Enabling to Bootstrapping
In the United States, a trope of “deservingness” shapes policy related to public aid and substance abuse. In recent decades, poor people with substance use problems have increasingly been seen as “undeserving.” Federal welfare reform, passed in the mid-1990s, is an important exemplar of this trend. Welfare reform empowered line workers to directly and indirectly withhold aid from people with substance use problems. This paper uses in-depth interv…
Barriers to Identifying Substance Abuse in the Reformed Welfare System
Substance abuse has been identified as a potential barrier to employment in the reformed welfare system. This article uses interviews with frontline welfare workers and policy makers to examine the process of identifying welfare clients for substance abuse services. Workers’ accounts reveal that official welfare policy, day‐to‐day work conditions, relationships with clients, and the unstated stigma surrounding substance abuse create an environmen…
Is shyness context specific? Relation between shyness and online self-disclosure with and without a live webcam in young adults
The “dual usage problem” in the explanations of “joint attention” and children’s socioemotional development
Variation in hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity among bullied and non‐bullied children
We examined the relationship between being bullied during childhood and activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis as assessed through repeated measures of salivary cortisol. A non‐clinical sample of 154 (74 boys) predominantly Caucasian middle‐class 12‐year‐olds each provided detailed information about their experiences with bullying and six saliva samples were standardized across time and day. Children with a history of child mal…
Shy Children are Less Sensitive to Some Cues to Facial Recognition
Sex Differences in the Expression and Use of Computer-Mediated Affective Language
Although women have been stereotyped as more emotionally expressive than men, the extant empirical evidence on sex differences in the expression and use of affective communication is equivocal. The authors examined the influence of sex and context on the expression and use of computer-mediated affective language in a sample of young adults. A total of 56 undergraduates (28 males, 28 females) were paired in same-sex dyads and randomly assigned to …
An Investigation of Control Among Parents of Selectively Mute, Anxious, and Non-Anxious Children
Joint Attention in Parent–Child Dyads Involving Children with Selective Mutism
Evaluation of Patient Centered Medical Home Practice Transformation Initiatives
BACKGROUND: The patient-centered medical home (PCMH) has become a widely cited solution to the deficiencies in primary care delivery in the United States. To achieve the magnitude of change being called for in primary care, quality improvement interventions must focus on whole-system redesign, and not just isolated parts of medical practices. METHODS: Investigators participating in 9 different evaluations of Patient Centered Medical Home implemen…
Maternal Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index and Offspring Temperament and Behavior at 1 and 2 Years of Age
Reconsidering the Effects of Poverty and Social Support on Health
Benefit or burden? A sociotechnical analysis of diagnostic computer kiosks in four California hospital emergency departments
Early Violence Exposure and Executive Function
Child and youth exposure to violence is a widespread problem in the United States [Finkelhor, Turner, Ormrod, & Hamby, 2009]. Exposure to violence is associated with numerous negative outcomes related to children’s development, including their social and academic performance, as well as their mental health [Margolin & Gordis, 2000; Martinez-Torteya, Anne Bogat, Von Eye, & Levendosky, 2009; Schwartz & Gorman, 2003]. McCoy [this issue] offers a the…
Temperament and its relation to social functioning in schizophrenia
BACKGROUND: We previously noted increased shyness in stable community outpatients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls and that shyness may be a risk factor for social functioning impairment in this population (Goldberg & Schmidt, 2001). AIMS: We attempted to replicate and extend these findings by comparing the use of a brief trait measure of shyness and sociability (SS; Cheek, 1983; Cheek & Buss, 1981) with the longer Temperament and …
Transforming Primary Care in the New Orleans Safety-net
BACKGROUND: The patient-centered medical home (PCMH) is a key service delivery innovation in health reform. However, there are growing questions about whether the changes in clinics promoted by the PCMH model lead to improvements in the patient experience. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that PCMH improvements in safety-net primary care clinics are associated with a more positive patient experience. RESEARCH DESIGN: Multilevel cross-sectional a…
Sugar Industry and Coronary Heart Disease Research
Early warning signals of the coronary heart disease (CHD) risk of sugar (sucrose) emerged in the 1950s. We examined Sugar Research Foundation (SRF) internal documents, historical reports, and statements relevant to early debates about the dietary causes of CHD and assembled findings chronologically into a narrative case study. The SRF sponsored its first CHD research project in 1965, a literature review published in the New England Journal of Med…
Psychology (51 obras) · Developmental psychology (40 obras) · Medicine (36 obras) · Anxiety (31 obras) · Social Psychology (27 obras) · Psychiatry (26 obras) · Shyness (25 obras) · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development (23 obras) · Political science (19 obras) · Environmental health (16 obras)