Effect of Contingent Music Listening on Increases of Mathematical Responses

Datos Bibliográficos

ID10201397
AutoresClifford K Madsen (Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, autor de correspondencia), Jere L Forsythe (Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida)
Año1973
Volumen21
Número2
Páginas176-181
Fecha de publicación1973-07-01
Peer ReviewedSí
Open AccessSí
TipoARTICLE
RevistaJournal of Research in Music Education (JOURNAL)
Identificadores de la revistaISSN: 0022-4294 • E-ISSN: 1945-0095
EditorialSAGE Publishing (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.2307/3344594
OpenAlexW2035470110
IdiomaEN
Citas recibidas8

The use of reinforcement principles to expedite learning has been the focus of increasing educational interest as evidenced by a growing number of behavioral texts, research reports, and institutional programs. Contingent reinforcement has been applied within school settings to shape social behavior, academic behavior, and attitudes toward school and learning in general. The selection of appropriate reinforcers for academic work presents an experimental and educational dilemma, since investigators are disposed to ex post facto evaluation concerning effects. Of particular interest in previous investigations was the seemingly infinite variety of reinforcers employed in behavioral shaping. Reinforcing effects have been investigated concerning teacher praise, peer approval, food, material rewards, and free time. Thus, a continuing effort is being made to examine the reinforcing properties of various persons, material things, and activities. In the present study, the effect of contingent (earned) music listening on academic responses of sixth grade students was investigated. Previous studies concerning reinforcing functions of music listening and music activities have been affirmative.1 One study revealed that sixth grade black students in a nonintegrated elementary school preferred music listening to candy when given a noncontingent payoff, although candy was slightly preferred when the payoff was contingent on improved scale singing perform

Active listening · Cognitive psychology · Behavioral and Psychological Studies · Child Development and Digital Technology · Communication · Early Childhood Education and Development · Psychology