Provision of low‐aflatoxin local complementary porridge flour reduced urinary aflatoxin biomarker in children aged 6–18 months in rural Tanzania
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Aflatoxins are toxic secondary metabolites of fungi that colonize staple food crops, such as maize and groundnut, frequently used in complementary feeding. In preparation for a large trial, this pilot study examined if provision of a low-aflatoxin infant porridge flour made from local maize and groundnuts reduced the prevalence of a urinary aflatoxin biomarker in infants. Thirty-six infants aged 6-18 months were included from four villages in Kongwa District, Tanzania. The study was conducted over 12 days with a three-day baseline period and a 10 days where low-AF porridge flour was provided. Porridge intake of infants was assessed using quantitative 24-h recalls by mothers. Household food ingredients used in infant porridge preparation and urine samples were collected on Days 1-3 (baseline) and 10-12 (follow-up). Aflatoxins were measured in household foods, and AFM1 was measured in urine. At baseline and follow-up, 78% and 97%, respectively, of the infants consumed porridge in the previous 24 h, with a median volume of 220 mL (interquartile range [IQR]: 201, 318) and 460 mL (IQR: 430, 563), respectively (p < 0.001). All 47 samples of homemade flour/ingredients were contaminated with AFs (0.3-723 ng/g). The overall prevalence of individuals with detectable urinary AFM1 was reduced by 81%, from 15/36 (42%) at baseline to 3/36 (8%) at follow-up (p = 0.003). Provision of low-aflatoxin porridge flour was acceptable to caregivers and their infants and successfully reduced the prevalence of detectable urinary AFM1 in infants, thus, confirming its potential to be tested in future large-scale health outcomes trial
Aflatoxin · Biology · Interquartile range · Tanzania · Urinary system · Urine · Genetically Modified Organisms Research · Medicine · Milk Quality and Mastitis in Dairy Cows · Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food · Food Science · Internal Medicine · Toxicology
Risk of dietary exposure to aflatoxins and fumonisins in infants less than 6 months of age in R ombo, N orthern T anzania
Provision of low‐aflatoxin local complementary porridge flour reduced urinary aflatoxin biomarker in children aged 6–18 months in rural Tanzania
Complementary feeding in Kongwa, Tanzania
Protocol for the trial to establish a causal linkage between mycotoxin exposure and child stunting
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