Joseph Schwarzwald
Biographic Data
| ID | 104940 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Joseph Schwarzwald |
| GIVEN NAMES | Joseph |
| FAMILY NAME | Schwarzwald |
| SIGNATURE | SCHWARZWALD J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Bar-Ilan University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 25 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 153 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 25 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1977 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2008 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Gender Role Ideology as a Moderator of the Relationship between Social Power Tactics and Marital Satisfaction
Gender, status and the use of power strategies
The present study examined the effects of gender and status on the use of power strategies. The experiment consisted of a computer‐based problem‐solving task performed in pairs, where participants interacted with simulated long‐distance partners. Participants were 36 female and 38 male undergraduate students, who were assigned to be influencing agents and were required to convince their partners to accept their help in the problem‐solving process…
Factors related to perceived power usage in schools
Based on Raven's (1992) power interaction model, situational and personal variables were examined as determinants of power choice in educational settings. The impact of educational sector (secular, religious), class level, gender and content of conflict on perceived power usage in teacher–pupil conflicts was analysed. A total of 370 elementary and junior high school pupils and 62 teachers from the same schools responded to a series of scenarios w…
Gender, Self‐Esteem, and Focus of Interest in the Use of Power Strategies by Adolescents in Conflict Situations Schwarzwald and Koslowsky
Considerable evidence indicates that an individual's preference of power strategies for gaining compliance is associated with personal and social variables that may affect the quality of the relationship between the parties involved. This study examined how adolescents manage conflict situations and tested the importance of personal and situational characteristics in choosing power strategies for influencing others. Using Raven's (1992, 1993) pow…
Conceptualizing and Measuring a Power/Interaction Model of Interpersonal Influence 1
In response to new theoretical conceptualizations (Raven, 1992, 1993), an instrument was developed to measure 11 bases of power, the original 6 French and Raven (1959; Raven, 1965) bases of power, with 3 of these further differentiated: reward (personal, impersonal), coercion (personal. impersonal), legitimate (position, reciprocity, equity, dependence), expert, referent, and information. In Study 1, 317 American student respondents rated the lik…
Prejudice toward Immigrants to Spain and Israel: An Integrated Threat Theory Analysis
An integrated threat theory composed of four variables was used to predict attitudes toward immigrant groups in Spain and Israel. The four threats are symbolic threats based on value differences between groups; realistic threats to the power, resources, and well-being of the in-group; anxiety concerning social interaction with out-group members; and feelings of threat arising from negative stereotypes of the out-group. All four threats were signi…
Intergroup acceptance and perception of Israeli and Russian immigrant students
Professor Yehuda Amir 1926–1996
Yehuda Amir (1926-1996)
The Effects of Prevalent Social Stereotypes on Intergroup Attribution
The study tested there alternative hypotheses regarding intergroup attribution patterns derived from the ethnocentric, the asymmetrical, and the stereotype-based models of intergroup attribution. Junior high school pupils (284 males and 298 females) from majority and minority groups in Israel were asked to make internal-external attributions regarding three different competencies awarded to an ingroup or outgroup member. The results largely suppo…
The Use of Power Tactics to Gain Compliance: Testing Aspects of Raven's (1988) Theory in Conflictual Situations
French and Raven's sixfold taxonomy has been used widely to examine social influence processes. A recent elaboration by Raven (1988a) proposes that the use of power tactics is situationally contingent, depending on availability of alternatives. The present study examined the pattern of power tactic preferences as a function of setting and status. A total of 89 subjects were given scenarios describing an attempt to influence another party. The sce…
Academic Status and Ethnicity as Determinants of Social Acceptance
How academic and ethnic considerations combine in the determination of social acceptance was assessed in a short-term longitudinal study. Most previous research suggests that the influence of these status characteristics should aggregate in an additive fashion. Potential shifts were examined in the use of these characteristics in judgments regarding social acceptance across the school year. Seventh-grade Israeli students (N = 721) entering integr…
Moderating effects of self-esteem on the use of ethnicity and academic standing as determinants of interpersonal acceptance
Long-Term Effects of School Desegregation Experiences on Interpersonal Relations in the Israeli Defense Forces
Effects of school desegregation were assessed during basic training in the army. Soldiers completed cognitive, affective, and behavioral measures of interpersonal relations in their platoons. The pattern of current relations differed as a function of measure focus. Cognitive measures reflected asymmetry: Regardless of ethnic origin, all soldiers gave more positive evaluations to Western than Middle Eastern platoon members. Behavioral and affectiv…
A Preparatory Programme for Passage Into the Ethnically Integrated School: Impact on School Climate and Social Relations
S ummary . It is currently accepted that effective ethnic integration in schools requires supplemental intervention to attain its social and academic goals. The present study evaluated an Israeli preparatory programme addressing the transition into integrated junior high schools. This intensive, one‐week programme of intervention prior to school entrance is aimed at improving school climate and interpersonal relationships between ethnic groups. T…
Moderating effects of educational standing on interethnic relations in the classroom
Social Orientation among Israeli Youth a Cross-Cultural Perspective
McClintock, Bayard, and McClintock (1983) argue that the more competitive and less cooperative orientation of Anglo-American versus Mexican American children is a product of underlying cultural differences in mediating familial factors such as interdependence, size, and delegation of authority, as well as peer exposure. The cultural distinction between Western and Middle Eastern Jews in Israel displays parallel differences in these socialization …
Impact of Sociometric Method and Activity Content on Assessment of Intergroup Relations in the Classroom
S ummary . The study compared patteras of ethnic and sex relations revealed by nomination versus rating methods for activities at differing levels of intimacy. Integrated junior high school students in 16 classrooms filled out two versions of the Interpersonal Relationship Assessment Technique treating willingness to engage in activities of low, moderate, and high intimacy. In the peer nomination version, students identified three classmates most…
Carry‐over of contact effects from acquainted to unacquainted targets
This study assesses the degree to which changes in inter‐ethnic acceptance, due to contact under integration, generalize to one's views of unknown or stereotypic group members. Subjects consisted of 2,530 seventh‐, eighth‐, and ninth‐grade Western and Middle‐Eastern students in integrated Israeli junior high schools. A unidimensional scale was employed to measure willingness to engage in activities of varying degrees of intimacy with acquainted c…
Effects of the Power to Retaliate on Physical Aggression Directed Toward Middle-Eastern Jews,Western Jews, and Israeli-Arabs
Aggression displayed by Middle-Eastern (M-E) and Western (W) Israeli high school students was tested by a factorial design comprising the following four variables: subject's ethnic origin (W/ M-E); victim's origin (W/ M-E/ Israeli-Arab); power to retaliate (exists/lacking); and experimental period (5 periods, each consisting of 10 trials). In a competitive situation 127 eleventh-grade male subjects were given the opportunity to administer electri…
A trilevel approach to motivators for retraining
Compliance and Assistance to an Authority Figure in Perceived Equitable or Nonequitable Situations
A derivation of Adams' theory of inequity is that intradepartmental promotion might disproportionately reward a peer, thereby creating feelings of dissatisfaction among nonpromoted co-workers. Subjects were presented with either a hypothetically equitable situation in which a more qualified person is promoted as an authority to the subjects, or a hypothetically inequitable situation in which an equally qualified person is promoted to the same pos…
Perceiving punishment as a contingent of interethnic relations
Physical aggression: Effects of ethnicity of target and directionality of aggression
Physical aggression of members of a powerful majority ethnic group against an opponent either from a powerless and discriminated against minority or from their own group was tested as a function of aggression directionality and aggressor's attitudes. It was hypothesized that under bidirectional aggression where the opponent could aggress as well, members of the powerful majority group would adjust their aggressive responses to that of their oppon…
Symmetrical and asymmetrical interethnic perception in Israel
Prejudice toward Immigrants to Spain and Israel: An Integrated Threat Theory Analysis
An integrated threat theory composed of four variables was used to predict attitudes toward immigrant groups in Spain and Israel. The four threats are symbolic threats based on value differences between groups; realistic threats to the power, resources, and well-being of the in-group; anxiety concerning social interaction with out-group members; and feelings of threat arising from negative stereotypes of the out-group. All four threats were signi…
Symmetrical and asymmetrical interethnic perception in Israel
Long-Term Effects of School Desegregation Experiences on Interpersonal Relations in the Israeli Defense Forces
Effects of school desegregation were assessed during basic training in the army. Soldiers completed cognitive, affective, and behavioral measures of interpersonal relations in their platoons. The pattern of current relations differed as a function of measure focus. Cognitive measures reflected asymmetry: Regardless of ethnic origin, all soldiers gave more positive evaluations to Western than Middle Eastern platoon members. Behavioral and affectiv…
Impact of Sociometric Method and Activity Content on Assessment of Intergroup Relations in the Classroom
S ummary . The study compared patteras of ethnic and sex relations revealed by nomination versus rating methods for activities at differing levels of intimacy. Integrated junior high school students in 16 classrooms filled out two versions of the Interpersonal Relationship Assessment Technique treating willingness to engage in activities of low, moderate, and high intimacy. In the peer nomination version, students identified three classmates most…
Gender Role Ideology as a Moderator of the Relationship between Social Power Tactics and Marital Satisfaction
Factors related to perceived power usage in schools
Based on Raven's (1992) power interaction model, situational and personal variables were examined as determinants of power choice in educational settings. The impact of educational sector (secular, religious), class level, gender and content of conflict on perceived power usage in teacher–pupil conflicts was analysed. A total of 370 elementary and junior high school pupils and 62 teachers from the same schools responded to a series of scenarios w…
The Effects of Prevalent Social Stereotypes on Intergroup Attribution
The study tested there alternative hypotheses regarding intergroup attribution patterns derived from the ethnocentric, the asymmetrical, and the stereotype-based models of intergroup attribution. Junior high school pupils (284 males and 298 females) from majority and minority groups in Israel were asked to make internal-external attributions regarding three different competencies awarded to an ingroup or outgroup member. The results largely suppo…
Moderating effects of educational standing on interethnic relations in the classroom
Social Orientation among Israeli Youth a Cross-Cultural Perspective
McClintock, Bayard, and McClintock (1983) argue that the more competitive and less cooperative orientation of Anglo-American versus Mexican American children is a product of underlying cultural differences in mediating familial factors such as interdependence, size, and delegation of authority, as well as peer exposure. The cultural distinction between Western and Middle Eastern Jews in Israel displays parallel differences in these socialization …
Physical aggression: Effects of ethnicity of target and directionality of aggression
Physical aggression of members of a powerful majority ethnic group against an opponent either from a powerless and discriminated against minority or from their own group was tested as a function of aggression directionality and aggressor's attitudes. It was hypothesized that under bidirectional aggression where the opponent could aggress as well, members of the powerful majority group would adjust their aggressive responses to that of their oppon…
Academic Status and Ethnicity as Determinants of Social Acceptance
How academic and ethnic considerations combine in the determination of social acceptance was assessed in a short-term longitudinal study. Most previous research suggests that the influence of these status characteristics should aggregate in an additive fashion. Potential shifts were examined in the use of these characteristics in judgments regarding social acceptance across the school year. Seventh-grade Israeli students (N = 721) entering integr…
Moderating effects of self-esteem on the use of ethnicity and academic standing as determinants of interpersonal acceptance
A Preparatory Programme for Passage Into the Ethnically Integrated School: Impact on School Climate and Social Relations
S ummary . It is currently accepted that effective ethnic integration in schools requires supplemental intervention to attain its social and academic goals. The present study evaluated an Israeli preparatory programme addressing the transition into integrated junior high schools. This intensive, one‐week programme of intervention prior to school entrance is aimed at improving school climate and interpersonal relationships between ethnic groups. T…
Carry‐over of contact effects from acquainted to unacquainted targets
This study assesses the degree to which changes in inter‐ethnic acceptance, due to contact under integration, generalize to one's views of unknown or stereotypic group members. Subjects consisted of 2,530 seventh‐, eighth‐, and ninth‐grade Western and Middle‐Eastern students in integrated Israeli junior high schools. A unidimensional scale was employed to measure willingness to engage in activities of varying degrees of intimacy with acquainted c…
Compliance and Assistance to an Authority Figure in Perceived Equitable or Nonequitable Situations
A derivation of Adams' theory of inequity is that intradepartmental promotion might disproportionately reward a peer, thereby creating feelings of dissatisfaction among nonpromoted co-workers. Subjects were presented with either a hypothetically equitable situation in which a more qualified person is promoted as an authority to the subjects, or a hypothetically inequitable situation in which an equally qualified person is promoted to the same pos…
Perceiving punishment as a contingent of interethnic relations
Symmetrical and asymmetrical interethnic perception in Israel
Perceiving punishment as a contingent of interethnic relations
Physical aggression: Effects of ethnicity of target and directionality of aggression
Physical aggression of members of a powerful majority ethnic group against an opponent either from a powerless and discriminated against minority or from their own group was tested as a function of aggression directionality and aggressor's attitudes. It was hypothesized that under bidirectional aggression where the opponent could aggress as well, members of the powerful majority group would adjust their aggressive responses to that of their oppon…
Compliance and Assistance to an Authority Figure in Perceived Equitable or Nonequitable Situations
A derivation of Adams' theory of inequity is that intradepartmental promotion might disproportionately reward a peer, thereby creating feelings of dissatisfaction among nonpromoted co-workers. Subjects were presented with either a hypothetically equitable situation in which a more qualified person is promoted as an authority to the subjects, or a hypothetically inequitable situation in which an equally qualified person is promoted to the same pos…
A trilevel approach to motivators for retraining
Effects of the Power to Retaliate on Physical Aggression Directed Toward Middle-Eastern Jews,Western Jews, and Israeli-Arabs
Aggression displayed by Middle-Eastern (M-E) and Western (W) Israeli high school students was tested by a factorial design comprising the following four variables: subject's ethnic origin (W/ M-E); victim's origin (W/ M-E/ Israeli-Arab); power to retaliate (exists/lacking); and experimental period (5 periods, each consisting of 10 trials). In a competitive situation 127 eleventh-grade male subjects were given the opportunity to administer electri…
Carry‐over of contact effects from acquainted to unacquainted targets
This study assesses the degree to which changes in inter‐ethnic acceptance, due to contact under integration, generalize to one's views of unknown or stereotypic group members. Subjects consisted of 2,530 seventh‐, eighth‐, and ninth‐grade Western and Middle‐Eastern students in integrated Israeli junior high schools. A unidimensional scale was employed to measure willingness to engage in activities of varying degrees of intimacy with acquainted c…
Impact of Sociometric Method and Activity Content on Assessment of Intergroup Relations in the Classroom
S ummary . The study compared patteras of ethnic and sex relations revealed by nomination versus rating methods for activities at differing levels of intimacy. Integrated junior high school students in 16 classrooms filled out two versions of the Interpersonal Relationship Assessment Technique treating willingness to engage in activities of low, moderate, and high intimacy. In the peer nomination version, students identified three classmates most…
Moderating effects of educational standing on interethnic relations in the classroom
Social Orientation among Israeli Youth a Cross-Cultural Perspective
McClintock, Bayard, and McClintock (1983) argue that the more competitive and less cooperative orientation of Anglo-American versus Mexican American children is a product of underlying cultural differences in mediating familial factors such as interdependence, size, and delegation of authority, as well as peer exposure. The cultural distinction between Western and Middle Eastern Jews in Israel displays parallel differences in these socialization …
A Preparatory Programme for Passage Into the Ethnically Integrated School: Impact on School Climate and Social Relations
S ummary . It is currently accepted that effective ethnic integration in schools requires supplemental intervention to attain its social and academic goals. The present study evaluated an Israeli preparatory programme addressing the transition into integrated junior high schools. This intensive, one‐week programme of intervention prior to school entrance is aimed at improving school climate and interpersonal relationships between ethnic groups. T…
Moderating effects of self-esteem on the use of ethnicity and academic standing as determinants of interpersonal acceptance
Long-Term Effects of School Desegregation Experiences on Interpersonal Relations in the Israeli Defense Forces
Effects of school desegregation were assessed during basic training in the army. Soldiers completed cognitive, affective, and behavioral measures of interpersonal relations in their platoons. The pattern of current relations differed as a function of measure focus. Cognitive measures reflected asymmetry: Regardless of ethnic origin, all soldiers gave more positive evaluations to Western than Middle Eastern platoon members. Behavioral and affectiv…
The Use of Power Tactics to Gain Compliance: Testing Aspects of Raven's (1988) Theory in Conflictual Situations
French and Raven's sixfold taxonomy has been used widely to examine social influence processes. A recent elaboration by Raven (1988a) proposes that the use of power tactics is situationally contingent, depending on availability of alternatives. The present study examined the pattern of power tactic preferences as a function of setting and status. A total of 89 subjects were given scenarios describing an attempt to influence another party. The sce…
Academic Status and Ethnicity as Determinants of Social Acceptance
How academic and ethnic considerations combine in the determination of social acceptance was assessed in a short-term longitudinal study. Most previous research suggests that the influence of these status characteristics should aggregate in an additive fashion. Potential shifts were examined in the use of these characteristics in judgments regarding social acceptance across the school year. Seventh-grade Israeli students (N = 721) entering integr…
The Effects of Prevalent Social Stereotypes on Intergroup Attribution
The study tested there alternative hypotheses regarding intergroup attribution patterns derived from the ethnocentric, the asymmetrical, and the stereotype-based models of intergroup attribution. Junior high school pupils (284 males and 298 females) from majority and minority groups in Israel were asked to make internal-external attributions regarding three different competencies awarded to an ingroup or outgroup member. The results largely suppo…
Intergroup acceptance and perception of Israeli and Russian immigrant students
Professor Yehuda Amir 1926–1996
Yehuda Amir (1926-1996)
Conceptualizing and Measuring a Power/Interaction Model of Interpersonal Influence 1
In response to new theoretical conceptualizations (Raven, 1992, 1993), an instrument was developed to measure 11 bases of power, the original 6 French and Raven (1959; Raven, 1965) bases of power, with 3 of these further differentiated: reward (personal, impersonal), coercion (personal. impersonal), legitimate (position, reciprocity, equity, dependence), expert, referent, and information. In Study 1, 317 American student respondents rated the lik…
Prejudice toward Immigrants to Spain and Israel: An Integrated Threat Theory Analysis
An integrated threat theory composed of four variables was used to predict attitudes toward immigrant groups in Spain and Israel. The four threats are symbolic threats based on value differences between groups; realistic threats to the power, resources, and well-being of the in-group; anxiety concerning social interaction with out-group members; and feelings of threat arising from negative stereotypes of the out-group. All four threats were signi…
Gender, Self‐Esteem, and Focus of Interest in the Use of Power Strategies by Adolescents in Conflict Situations Schwarzwald and Koslowsky
Considerable evidence indicates that an individual's preference of power strategies for gaining compliance is associated with personal and social variables that may affect the quality of the relationship between the parties involved. This study examined how adolescents manage conflict situations and tested the importance of personal and situational characteristics in choosing power strategies for influencing others. Using Raven's (1992, 1993) pow…
Gender, status and the use of power strategies
The present study examined the effects of gender and status on the use of power strategies. The experiment consisted of a computer‐based problem‐solving task performed in pairs, where participants interacted with simulated long‐distance partners. Participants were 36 female and 38 male undergraduate students, who were assigned to be influencing agents and were required to convince their partners to accept their help in the problem‐solving process…
Factors related to perceived power usage in schools
Based on Raven's (1992) power interaction model, situational and personal variables were examined as determinants of power choice in educational settings. The impact of educational sector (secular, religious), class level, gender and content of conflict on perceived power usage in teacher–pupil conflicts was analysed. A total of 370 elementary and junior high school pupils and 62 teachers from the same schools responded to a series of scenarios w…
Gender Role Ideology as a Moderator of the Relationship between Social Power Tactics and Marital Satisfaction
Psychology (25 works) · Social Psychology (22 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (15 works) · Social Psychology (15 works) · Developmental psychology (12 works) · Ethnic group (12 works) · Political science (9 works) · Racial and Ethnic Identity Research (9 works) · Sociology (9 works) · Interpersonal communication (8 works)