Aristotle Kallis
Biographic Data
| ID | 1089965 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Aristotle Kallis |
| GIVEN NAMES | Aristotle |
| FAMILY NAME | Kallis |
| SIGNATURE | KALLIS A |
| AFFILIATIONS | Lancaster University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6711-1969 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 45 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 103 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 43 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 2 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1998 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Three Reflections on New Directions in Comparative Fascism Studies
In this article, three leading scholars of comparative fascism studies offer their thoughts and reflections on the state of the field. It seeks to stimulate debate and reflection on how to study fascism in the years to come and addresses a number of challenges facing this area of study. Aristotle Kallis focuses on the need to recognise the value of ‘associational’ perspectives, to highlight how fascism historically drew together a constellation o…
Architecture and Dictatorship: The Dialectics of Destruction and Creation
Discourses and practices of the ‘New Normal: Towards an interdisciplinary research agenda on crisis and the normalization of anti- and post‐democratic action
This position paper argues for an interdisciplinary agenda relating crises to on-going processes of normalization of anti- and post-democratic action. We call for exploring theoretically and empirically the ‘new normal’ logic introduced into public imagination on the back of various crises, including the recent ‘Refugee Crisis’ in Europe, COVID-19 pandemic, or the still ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine. Gathering researchers of populism, extre…
International Fascism and the Allure of the ‘Third Way’ in Interwar Greece
The rise and victory of Italian Fascism in the first half of the 1920s passed Greece by. Yet soon afterwards the international experience of ‘fascism’ found more receptive audiences within the prodigious dissident ‘third spaces’ where more and more mainstream Greek political actors chose to operate in the interwar period. This article explores the dynamics of the ideological and political formation of ‘third ways’ in interwar Greece, paying atten…
From ‘minimum dwelling’ to ‘functional city’: Reappraising scale transitions in the early history of Ciam (1928–33)
In comparison to the historiographical interest in the founding meeting at La Sarraz (1928) or its fourth congress (1933), less attention has been accorded to the role of CIAM’s previous two congresses in Frankfurt (1929) and Brussels (1930) in shaping the organization’s trajectory. This article offers a critical reappraisal of the these two congresses, and of the entire 1928–30 period, as a determinative phase in the history of CIAM. I suggest t…
The Transnational Co-production of Interwar ‘Fascism’: On the Dynamics of Ideational Mobility and Localization
Interwar fascism achieved sensational international reach through the appeal and circulation of a set of generic ideological norms and political practices. Therefore, models of analysis must accommodate alternative local interpretations, adaptations, and a wide range of varied outcomes in the process of its diverse local translations. In this article, I propose the new trans-disciplinary mobility paradigm as a productive methodological extension …
Beyond the Fascist Century: Essays in Honour of Roger Griffin
Counter-spurt’ but not ‘de-civilization: Fascism, (Un)civility, Taboo, and the ‘Civilizing Process
Norbert Elias described the rise of fascism and the violent spasm of the Holocaust as examples of extreme 'counter-spurts' towards 're-barbarization' in his overall schema of recent human history as a 'civilizing process'. But the shift towards the normalization of uncivility and extreme violence that became trademarks of fascism in the interwar years was in fact far less at odds with assumed mainstream values than it actually appeared or was ass…
Minimum Dwelling” All’italiana: From the Case Popolari to the 1929 “Model Houses” of Garbatella
At the twelfth congress of the International Federation of Housing and Town Planning (IFHTP), held in Rome in September 1929, a set of thirteen “model” affordable houses situated in the garden suburb of Garbatella were presented to the delegates. While generally recognized as shining fragments from a distinctly “Roman” register of idiosyncratic architectural modernism, the dwellings of Garbatella’s Lot XXIV also deserve to be reappraised as a key…
Populism, Sovereigntism, and the Unlikely Re-Emergence of the Territorial Nation-State
In the last three decades, the rise of a populist challenge to the liberal political mainstream exposed how shallow the supposed victory of global liberalism was, even in its heartlands in Europe and North America. Exclusive nationalism and nativism, identity politics, critiques of globalisation and internationalism, and calls for democratic re-empowerment of the demos have converged politically on a new locus of inflated territorial, indeed ‘bor…
The European Union and the Mainstreaming of the Radical Right
Futures Made Present: Architecture, Monument, and the Battle for the ‘Third Way’ in Fascist Italy
During the late 1920s and 1930s, a group of Italian modernist architects, known as ‘rationalists’, launched an ambitious bid for convincing Mussolini that their brand of architectural modernism was best suited to become the official art of the Fascist state ( arte di stato ). They produced buildings of exceptional quality and now iconic status in the annals of international architecture, as well as an even more impressive register of ideas, desig…
The Codex Fori Mussolini: A Latin Text of Italian Fascism, written by Han Lamers and Bettina Reitz-Joosse
Rome's Singular Path to Modernism: Innocenzo Sabbatini and the ‘Rooted’ Architecture of the Istituto Case Popolari (Icp), 1925–1930
This article traces the extraordinary architectural production of the Roman branch of the Istituto Case Popolari (Institute of Public Housing, ICP) during the period between 1925 and 1930. This was the most prolific and creative period in the history of the Institute, delivering a rich portfolio of distinctive public housing projects in and around Rome with modest means and against the backdrop of a severe housing crisis. It was also the period w…
Fascism: The Career of a Concept by Paul E. Gottfried
In Fascism: The Career of a Concept, Gottfried has set himself not one task but two equally formidable tasks. The first is to focus on the history of the term fascism with its ever-changing meanings, expanding uses, and fierce contestations. The second task is to reveal the essence of the concept by stripping it of the distorting semantic layers that have accrued to it during the nine decades of its life. In pursuing both tasks, Gottfried provide…
Fascism and the Right in Interwar Europe
Is it possible to speak of the interwar right in Europe in terms of a dichotomy between ‘fascism’ and ‘authoritarianism’, or of ‘new’ versus ‘old’ right? The rise of fascism in Italy and, later, Germany inspired fellow radicals in many European countries. In addition, however, the perceived ‘success’ of fascism exercised a critical influence on the ‘old’ conservative and authoritarian right, as both challenge and opportunity. Forces of the ‘old’ …
When Fascism Became Mainstream: The Challenge of Extremism in Times of Crisis
In the years between the two world wars a fledgling radical force that we today call ‘fascism’ was transformed from a tiny fringe movement into a dominant international political paradigm that challenged liberal ‘mainstream’ values and violently reversed decades of progressive change. Fascism’s spectacular and devastating success underlined how limited, resented, and reversible the alleged liberal consensus was in large parts of Europe during the…
Balsdon Fellowship: Italian Fascism and ‘the mediterranean’ imaginary: modernist architecture as notation of an alternative future for Fascism
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Rethinking Fascism and Dictatorship in Europe
"Fascism exerted a crucial ideological and political influence across Europe and beyond. Its appeal reached much further than the expanding transnational circle of 'fascists', crossing into the territory of the mainstream, authoritarian, and traditional right. Meanwhile, fascism's seemingly inexorable rise unfolded against the backdrop of a dramatic shift towards dictatorship in large parts of Europe during the 1920s and especially 1930s. These d…
The Third Rome, 1922-43: The Making of the Fascist Capital
What kind of city was the Fascist 'third Rome'? Imagined and real, rooted in the past and announcing a new, 'revolutionary' future, Fascist Rome was imagined both as the ideal city and as the sacred c
The Factory of Illusions in the ‘Third Rome’
Although the site of the ancient Circus Maximus was one of the most loaded spaces of the Fascist ‘Third Rome’, it has received limited attention as a privileged site where a dizzying array of myths and illusions were entertained, simulated, and deposited as new Fascist layers on Rome’s urban and mnemonic palimpsest. Previously a decayed, ‘unsightly’, and overcrowded hodgepodge of layers of life, history, and memory, it was substantially restored,…
Far-Right “Contagion” or a Failing “Mainstream”? How Dangerous Ideas Cross Borders and Blur Boundaries
The article argues that we are witnessing a lethal “mainstreaming” trend across Europe that involves previously taboo ideas, frames, and practices becoming the new “common sense” for growing sections of European politics and societies. As in the case of the dramatic slide into dictatorship and the spread of virulent anti-Semitism in the 1930s, the divisive ideas of the contemporary far right vis-à-vis minorities, immigrants, and Muslims/Islam in …
Landscapes of ‘Othering’ in Postwar and Contemporary G ermany: The Limits of the ‘Culture of Contrition’ and the Poverty of the Mainstream
In the 1930s the N ational S ocialist regime embarked on a chillingly ambitious and fanatical project to ‘remake’ German society and ‘race’ by deploying a peerless – in both kind and intensity – repertoire of ‘othering’ strategies and measures directed at the Jews, the S inti/Roma, and non‐conformist groups within the T hird R eich. At the heart of this campaign was the notion of a ‘zero‐sum’ confrontation between the nation/race and its perceive…
The "Third Rome" of Fascism: Demolitions and the Search for a New Urban Syntax
‘In miglior tempo … ’: What fascism did not build in Rome
A large part of the fascist 'third Rome' remained on paper – whether because time or funds ran out in the early 1940s or because projects were defeated in competitions, sidelined by various more pragmatic considerations, and thwarted by Mussolini's volatile attitude to architecture and urban planning. In order to trace the fragments of this other fascist, Rome this article focuses on four projects that were never to be realized: Brasini's plans f…
Discourses and practices of the ‘New Normal: Towards an interdisciplinary research agenda on crisis and the normalization of anti- and post‐democratic action
This position paper argues for an interdisciplinary agenda relating crises to on-going processes of normalization of anti- and post-democratic action. We call for exploring theoretically and empirically the ‘new normal’ logic introduced into public imagination on the back of various crises, including the recent ‘Refugee Crisis’ in Europe, COVID-19 pandemic, or the still ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine. Gathering researchers of populism, extre…
Far-Right “Contagion” or a Failing “Mainstream”? How Dangerous Ideas Cross Borders and Blur Boundaries
The article argues that we are witnessing a lethal “mainstreaming” trend across Europe that involves previously taboo ideas, frames, and practices becoming the new “common sense” for growing sections of European politics and societies. As in the case of the dramatic slide into dictatorship and the spread of virulent anti-Semitism in the 1930s, the divisive ideas of the contemporary far right vis-à-vis minorities, immigrants, and Muslims/Islam in …
Counter-spurt’ but not ‘de-civilization: Fascism, (Un)civility, Taboo, and the ‘Civilizing Process
Norbert Elias described the rise of fascism and the violent spasm of the Holocaust as examples of extreme 'counter-spurts' towards 're-barbarization' in his overall schema of recent human history as a 'civilizing process'. But the shift towards the normalization of uncivility and extreme violence that became trademarks of fascism in the interwar years was in fact far less at odds with assumed mainstream values than it actually appeared or was ass…
Framing’ Romanità: The Celebrations for the Bimillenario Augusteo and the Augusteo–Ara Pacis Project
In the early 1930s the fascist authorities took the decision to celebrate the 2000-year anniversary of Augustus’ birth, scheduled for 1937–8. The celebrations constituted the pinnacle of fascism’s identification with romanità and underlined Mussolini's growing tendency to identify with an 'imperial' imagery. They also constituted a crucial landmark in the regime's effort to portray Rome as the sacred centre of a new universal political religion. …
To Expand or not to Expand? Territory, Generic Fascism and the Quest for an `Ideal Fatherland
Fascism', `Para-Fascism' and `Fascistization: On the Similarities of Three Conceptual Categories
This article revisits the conventional conceptual distinction between `fascism' proper, `para-fascism' and `fascistization' in the context of interwar European politics. While postwar interpretations of the interwar dictatorial regimes have widely introduced a heuristic dichotomy between radical fascism and para-fascist authoritarianism, essentially pointing to two different ideal-types of rule, the subsequent analysis aims to challenge the infle…
Futures Made Present: Architecture, Monument, and the Battle for the ‘Third Way’ in Fascist Italy
During the late 1920s and 1930s, a group of Italian modernist architects, known as ‘rationalists’, launched an ambitious bid for convincing Mussolini that their brand of architectural modernism was best suited to become the official art of the Fascist state ( arte di stato ). They produced buildings of exceptional quality and now iconic status in the annals of international architecture, as well as an even more impressive register of ideas, desig…
Neither Fascist nor Authoritarian: The 4th of August Regime in Greece (1936-1941) and the Dynamics of Fascistisation in 1930s Europe
The 4th of August regime in Greece under Ioannis Metaxas has long been treated by theories of ‘generic fascism’ as a minor example of authoritarianism or at most a case of failed fascism. This derives from the ideas that the Metaxas dictatorship did not originate from any original mass ‘fascist’ movement, lacked a genuinely fascist revolutionary ideological core and its figurehead came from a deeply conservative-military background. In addition, …
The ‘Regime-Model’ of Fascism: A Typology
The history of interwar European fascism has been marked by the efforts of all indigenous fascist movements to achieve ideological novelty, social appeal and eventually political supremacy. In this process, only few ‘fascist’ groups succeeded in seizing power, either autonomously or in coalition with other forces of the right. This article examines a number of interwar regimes and analyses the dynamics of fascism’s transformation from movement to…
Rome's Singular Path to Modernism: Innocenzo Sabbatini and the ‘Rooted’ Architecture of the Istituto Case Popolari (Icp), 1925–1930
This article traces the extraordinary architectural production of the Roman branch of the Istituto Case Popolari (Institute of Public Housing, ICP) during the period between 1925 and 1930. This was the most prolific and creative period in the history of the Institute, delivering a rich portfolio of distinctive public housing projects in and around Rome with modest means and against the backdrop of a severe housing crisis. It was also the period w…
When Fascism Became Mainstream: The Challenge of Extremism in Times of Crisis
In the years between the two world wars a fledgling radical force that we today call ‘fascism’ was transformed from a tiny fringe movement into a dominant international political paradigm that challenged liberal ‘mainstream’ values and violently reversed decades of progressive change. Fascism’s spectacular and devastating success underlined how limited, resented, and reversible the alleged liberal consensus was in large parts of Europe during the…
The Factory of Illusions in the ‘Third Rome’
Although the site of the ancient Circus Maximus was one of the most loaded spaces of the Fascist ‘Third Rome’, it has received limited attention as a privileged site where a dizzying array of myths and illusions were entertained, simulated, and deposited as new Fascist layers on Rome’s urban and mnemonic palimpsest. Previously a decayed, ‘unsightly’, and overcrowded hodgepodge of layers of life, history, and memory, it was substantially restored,…
The "Third Rome" of Fascism: Demolitions and the Search for a New Urban Syntax
Fascism and the Jews: From the Internationalisation of Fascism to a ‘Fascist Antisemitism’
The relationship between fascism, race and antisemitism has troubled historians ever since the end of World War II. While National Socialist ideology and praxis were evidently dominated by an existential hatred of the Jews, discussion of antisemitism in the context of generic/comparative fascism studies reveals a wide variation amongst other fascist movements/regimes that has impeded a historiographical consensus on this matter. This essay examin…
Studying Inter-War Fascism in Epochal and Diachronic Terms: Ideological Production, Political Experience and the Quest for ‘Consensus’
This article examines fascism’s dual nature, as both period-specific (epochal) experience and diachronic intellectual/political phenomenon, thus reflecting an ongoing, often acrimonious historiographical debate on this subject. It analyses inter-war fascism as a specific articulation of a borrowed utopia from radical nationalism that was not confined to the 1918-45 period. However, it also underlines how the ‘power of precedent’ — that is, the ex…
Landscapes of ‘Othering’ in Postwar and Contemporary G ermany: The Limits of the ‘Culture of Contrition’ and the Poverty of the Mainstream
In the 1930s the N ational S ocialist regime embarked on a chillingly ambitious and fanatical project to ‘remake’ German society and ‘race’ by deploying a peerless – in both kind and intensity – repertoire of ‘othering’ strategies and measures directed at the Jews, the S inti/Roma, and non‐conformist groups within the T hird R eich. At the heart of this campaign was the notion of a ‘zero‐sum’ confrontation between the nation/race and its perceive…
Licence’ and Genocide in the East: Reflections on Localised Eliminationist Violence during the First Stages of ‘Operation Barbarossa’ (1941)
From the moment that Nazi Germany launched its attack on the Soviet Union in 1941, a pandemonium of violence seized many areas of Eastern Europe. The crimes of the Einsatzgruppen and of Wehrmacht troops are well‐documented. The brutality, however, of the pogroms in 1941, their frequency and geographic scope, the level of local participation in the acts, the vehemence with which they were carried out and the almost ritualistic ‘carnivalesque’ qual…
A question of loyalty: Mussolinismo and the collapse of the Italian Fascist regime in 1943
The view of a largely monolithic, 'totalitarian' regime and society in Fascist Italy (which still carries a lot of conviction with an influential group of historians) has been challenged from a number of different viewpoints. The common denominator of this sceptical approach is that, in spite of whatever ideological intentions the Fascist leadership or movement had vis-à-vis the totalitarian transformation of Italian society, the regime failed in…
Expansionism in Italy and Germany between Unification and the First World War: On the Ideological and Political Origins of Fascist Expansionism
Eliminationist crimes, state sovereignty and international intervention: The case of Kosovo
(1999). Eliminationist crimes, state sovereignty and international intervention: The case of Kosovo. Journal of Genocide Research: Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 417-437
The ‘Regime-Model’ of Fascism: A Typology
The history of interwar European fascism has been marked by the efforts of all indigenous fascist movements to achieve ideological novelty, social appeal and eventually political supremacy. In this process, only few ‘fascist’ groups succeeded in seizing power, either autonomously or in coalition with other forces of the right. This article examines a number of interwar regimes and analyses the dynamics of fascism’s transformation from movement to…
'A question of loyalty': Mussolinismo and the collapse of the Italian Fascist regime in 1943
The view of a largely monolithic, 'totalitarian' regime and society in Fascist Italy (which still carries a lot of conviction with an influential group of historians) has been challenged from a number of different viewpoints. The common denominator of this sceptical approach is that, in spite of whatever ideological intentions the Fascist leadership or movement had vis-à-vis the totalitarian transformation of Italian society, the regime failed in…
'A question of loyalty': Mussolinismo and the collapse of the Italian Fascist regime in 1943
The view of a largely monolithic, 'totalitarian' regime and society in Fascist Italy (which still carries a lot of conviction with an influential group of historians) has been challenged from a number of different viewpoints. The common denominator of this sceptical approach is that, in spite of whatever ideological intentions the Fascist leadership or movement had vis-à-vis the totalitarian transformation of Italian society, the regime failed in…
A question of loyalty: Mussolinismo and the collapse of the Italian Fascist regime in 1943
The view of a largely monolithic, 'totalitarian' regime and society in Fascist Italy (which still carries a lot of conviction with an influential group of historians) has been challenged from a number of different viewpoints. The common denominator of this sceptical approach is that, in spite of whatever ideological intentions the Fascist leadership or movement had vis-à-vis the totalitarian transformation of Italian society, the regime failed in…
Fascism', `Para-Fascism' and `Fascistization: On the Similarities of Three Conceptual Categories
This article revisits the conventional conceptual distinction between `fascism' proper, `para-fascism' and `fascistization' in the context of interwar European politics. While postwar interpretations of the interwar dictatorial regimes have widely introduced a heuristic dichotomy between radical fascism and para-fascist authoritarianism, essentially pointing to two different ideal-types of rule, the subsequent analysis aims to challenge the infle…
To Expand or not to Expand? Territory, Generic Fascism and the Quest for an `Ideal Fatherland
Studying Inter-War Fascism in Epochal and Diachronic Terms: Ideological Production, Political Experience and the Quest for ‘Consensus’
This article examines fascism’s dual nature, as both period-specific (epochal) experience and diachronic intellectual/political phenomenon, thus reflecting an ongoing, often acrimonious historiographical debate on this subject. It analyses inter-war fascism as a specific articulation of a borrowed utopia from radical nationalism that was not confined to the 1918-45 period. However, it also underlines how the ‘power of precedent’ — that is, the ex…
Nazi Propaganda and the Second World War
This book analyzes the factors that determined the organization, conduct and output of Nazi propaganda during World War II, in an attempt to re-assess previously inflated perceptions about the influen
Race, “value” and the hierarchy of human life: Ideological and Structural Determinants of National Socialist Policy-Making
Since the 1980s the idea that National Socialism possessed an overwhelmingly rigid nucleus of values, focusing on race and a strong belief in the mission of the German Volk, has commanded the major
Fascism, ‘Charisma’ and ‘Charismatisation’: Weber's Model of ‘Charismatic Domination’ and Interwar European Fascism
The special position that many fascist leaders eventually occupied in the political and psychological structures of their movements alludes to an exceptional degree of charismatisation by the community of their followers. Less clear, however, is the relation between the fascist leader's 'cult' and society as a 'charismatic community' (Gemeinde). This article examines the relation between fascist ideology and 'charisma', drawing a distinction betw…
The Jewish Community of Salonica under Siege: The Antisemitic Violence of the Summer of 1931
The antisemitic violence that took place in Salonica during the summer of 1931 constituted a defining moment not just for the city’s Jewish community and relations between Jewish and non-Jewish Greeks, but also for the development of Greek nationalism. After the Greek military defeat of 1922 and the conclusion of the Lausanne Treaty of 1923, Salonica had become a battleground for the reconfiguration of Greek national identity. It was there that t…
Nazi Propaganda and ‘Coordination’: The Haphazard Path to Totalitarianism
One of the most unrelenting orthodoxies in the analysis of interwar fascist regimes concerns the commitment of the fascist leaderships to promote an integral ‘coordination’ of the structures of pow
Fascism and Religion: The Metaxas Regime in Greece and the ‘Third Hellenic Civilisation’. Some Theoretical Observations on ‘Fascism’, ‘Political Religion’ and ‘Clerical Fascism’
The concept of ‘clerical fascism’ is both fiercely contested and theoretically elastic. Like the history of the term ‘fascism’ itself, ‘clerical fascism’ made its debut in 1920s Italy, and was used
Licence’ and Genocide in the East: Reflections on Localised Eliminationist Violence during the First Stages of ‘Operation Barbarossa’ (1941)
From the moment that Nazi Germany launched its attack on the Soviet Union in 1941, a pandemonium of violence seized many areas of Eastern Europe. The crimes of the Einsatzgruppen and of Wehrmacht troops are well‐documented. The brutality, however, of the pogroms in 1941, their frequency and geographic scope, the level of local participation in the acts, the vehemence with which they were carried out and the almost ritualistic ‘carnivalesque’ qual…
Genocide and Fascism
This book investigates how fascism – as an ideology and political praxis – reconfigured the ideological, political, and moral landscape of interwar Europe, generating an atmosphere of extreme ‘license’ that facilitated the leap into eliminationist violence. It demonstrates how fascist ideology linked the prospect of violent ‘cleansing’ to utopias of national/racial regeneration, thus encouraging and legitimizing targeted hatred against particular…
Fascism and the Jews: From the Internationalisation of Fascism to a ‘Fascist Antisemitism’
The relationship between fascism, race and antisemitism has troubled historians ever since the end of World War II. While National Socialist ideology and praxis were evidently dominated by an existential hatred of the Jews, discussion of antisemitism in the context of generic/comparative fascism studies reveals a wide variation amongst other fascist movements/regimes that has impeded a historiographical consensus on this matter. This essay examin…
Neither Fascist nor Authoritarian: The 4th of August Regime in Greece (1936-1941) and the Dynamics of Fascistisation in 1930s Europe
The 4th of August regime in Greece under Ioannis Metaxas has long been treated by theories of ‘generic fascism’ as a minor example of authoritarianism or at most a case of failed fascism. This derives from the ideas that the Metaxas dictatorship did not originate from any original mass ‘fascist’ movement, lacked a genuinely fascist revolutionary ideological core and its figurehead came from a deeply conservative-military background. In addition, …
‘In miglior tempo … ’: What fascism did not build in Rome
A large part of the fascist 'third Rome' remained on paper – whether because time or funds ran out in the early 1940s or because projects were defeated in competitions, sidelined by various more pragmatic considerations, and thwarted by Mussolini's volatile attitude to architecture and urban planning. In order to trace the fragments of this other fascist, Rome this article focuses on four projects that were never to be realized: Brasini's plans f…
Framing’ Romanità: The Celebrations for the Bimillenario Augusteo and the Augusteo–Ara Pacis Project
In the early 1930s the fascist authorities took the decision to celebrate the 2000-year anniversary of Augustus’ birth, scheduled for 1937–8. The celebrations constituted the pinnacle of fascism’s identification with romanità and underlined Mussolini's growing tendency to identify with an 'imperial' imagery. They also constituted a crucial landmark in the regime's effort to portray Rome as the sacred centre of a new universal political religion. …
Landscapes of ‘Othering’ in Postwar and Contemporary G ermany: The Limits of the ‘Culture of Contrition’ and the Poverty of the Mainstream
In the 1930s the N ational S ocialist regime embarked on a chillingly ambitious and fanatical project to ‘remake’ German society and ‘race’ by deploying a peerless – in both kind and intensity – repertoire of ‘othering’ strategies and measures directed at the Jews, the S inti/Roma, and non‐conformist groups within the T hird R eich. At the heart of this campaign was the notion of a ‘zero‐sum’ confrontation between the nation/race and its perceive…
The "Third Rome" of Fascism: Demolitions and the Search for a New Urban Syntax
Far-Right “Contagion” or a Failing “Mainstream”? How Dangerous Ideas Cross Borders and Blur Boundaries
The article argues that we are witnessing a lethal “mainstreaming” trend across Europe that involves previously taboo ideas, frames, and practices becoming the new “common sense” for growing sections of European politics and societies. As in the case of the dramatic slide into dictatorship and the spread of virulent anti-Semitism in the 1930s, the divisive ideas of the contemporary far right vis-à-vis minorities, immigrants, and Muslims/Islam in …
Rethinking Fascism and Dictatorship in Europe
"Fascism exerted a crucial ideological and political influence across Europe and beyond. Its appeal reached much further than the expanding transnational circle of 'fascists', crossing into the territory of the mainstream, authoritarian, and traditional right. Meanwhile, fascism's seemingly inexorable rise unfolded against the backdrop of a dramatic shift towards dictatorship in large parts of Europe during the 1920s and especially 1930s. These d…
Political science (40 works) · Italian Fascism and Post-war Society (36 works) · Law (36 works) · Politics (35 works) · Sociology (30 works) · Law (23 works) · History (22 works) · Ideology (21 works) · Philosophy (20 works) · Political economy (17 works)