Johan Galtung
Biographic Data
| ID | 109163 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Johan Galtung |
| GIVEN NAMES | Johan |
| FAMILY NAME | Galtung |
| SIGNATURE | GALTUNG J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Peace Research Institute Oslo |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 127 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 3120 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 126 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1957 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2021 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
Decolonising Conflicts, Security, Peace, Gender, Environment and Development in the Anthropocene
Le colonialisme scientifique
Scientific Colonialism
United States Diplomacy with North Korea and Vietnam: Explaining Failure and Success
Peacebuilding and Spatial Transformation: Peace, Space and Place
This book investigates peacebuilding in post-conflict scenarios by analysing the link between peace, space and place. By focusing on the case studies of Cyprus, Kosovo, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Northern Ireland and South Africa, the book provides a spatial reading of agency in peacebuilding contexts. It conceptualises peacebuilding agency in post-conflict landscapes as situated between place (material locality) and space (the imaginary counterpart of …
Peace
Von China Lernen?
Überleben Durch Partnerschaft: Gedanken über eine Friedliche Welt
Johan Galtung: Pioneer of Peace Research
This is the first ever anthology of key articles by Johan Galtung, widely regarded as the founder of the academic discipline of peace studies. It covers such concepts as direct, structural and cultural violence; theories of conflict, development, civilization and peace; peaceful conflict transformation; peace education; mediation; reconciliation; a life-sustaining economy; macro-history; deep culture and deep structure; and social science methodo…
Peace Studies and Conflict Resolution: The Need for Transdisciplinarity
Peace studies seeks to understand the negation of violence through conflict transformation, cooperation and harmony by drawing from many disciplines, including psychology, sociology and anthropology, political science, economics, international relations, international law and history. This raises the problem of the complementarity, coexistence and integration of different systems of knowledge. In fact, all of the human and social sciences are pro…
Handbook of Peace and Conflict Studies
Introduction 1. Toward a Philosophy and Metapsychology of Peace Charles Webel 2. Peace by Peaceful Conflict Transformation: The Transcend Approach Johan Galtung Part 1: Understanding and Transforming Conflict 3. Negotiation Fen Hampson, Chester Crocker and Pamela Aall 4. Mediation Sara Horowitz 5. Former Yugoslavia and Iraq: A Comparative Analysis of International Conflict Mismanagement Jan Oberg 6. Peace Studies and Peace Politics: Multicultural…
Três formas de violência, três formas de paz. A paz, a guerra e a formação social indo-europeia
Nas formações sociais, as formas de violência coexistem com as formas de paz. O presente artigo analisa a coexistência, na formação social indo-europeia, da violência cultural (produção de ideias justificativas das demais violências) com a paz cultural (cooperação e comiseração com todas as formas de vida); da violência directa (eliminação física do outro) com a paz directa (formas de controlo não-violentas, com sanções positivas); e da violência…
Imagining Global Democracy
Development and ChangeVolume 35, Issue 5 p. 1073-1079 Imagining Global Democracy Johan Galtung, Johan Galtung Professor of Peace Studies, is Director of TRANSCEND, a global peace and development network. He is author of 123 books and over a thousand articles, including nine volumes of Essays on Peace Research and Methodology, and most recently, Transcend and Transform: An Introduction to Conflict Work. Over the last four decades he has mediated i…
A Peace Proposal for the Middle East
What did people predict for the year 2000 and what happened
What did the experts predict
A Rapidly Changing Reality
The Nature of the World order and Crisis through the eyes of leading experts in International Relations Q uantity has transformed into quality. Deformations and tensions in the world order, which have matured latently for years, if not decades, have come to light. The nature of changes in the modern world is yet to be comprehended. Not surprisingly, it is difficult to get rid of the Cold War inertial thinking and the temptation to find parallels …
USA, the West and the Rest after September 11/October 7, 2001: A Midterm Report
The United States, the West and the Rest of the World
The world will never be the same again after the terrible attack on the economic U.S., the military U.S., the foreign policy U.S., and on human beings like all of us. We embrace the victims of the violence, of all violence, in deep grief, and express our hope that perpetrators will be brought to justice. Violence at this level can only be explained by a very high level of dehumanisation of the victims in the minds of the aggressors, often due to …
The new millennium — do we have the courage of optimism
On the social costs of modernization: Social Disintregation, Atomie/Anomie and Social Development
he modernization project launched by the West two centuries ago, was based on three pillars: State-logic, Capital-logic and Ratio-logic
A Multicultural Global Culture: Not a Question of When, But How: Some Roads to Cultural Integration for Peace
The paper compares multilingual and multicultural competence and identifies a number of similarities. One of them is the capacity of children to learn languages and cultures, provided the competence comes from significant others like friends rather than through a formal school system. Two parents may well raise their children in two languages and two cultures, but one parent is advised not to switch. The author's own family biography, and Hawai'i…
On the genesis of peaceless worlds: Insane nations and insane states
To understand the peacelessness of the world, a psychology of states and nations is useful. Violence, as in war, is a form of psychopathology, with its insensitivity to the suffering of others. The psychopathology is located not in the people or their leaders but in the way states and nations are programmed to behave, particularly in crises when they act, even think, as one person. Especially for big powers, but also for nations whose nationalism…
Information, communication and their future in post modernity
The peace movement: An Exercise in Micro- Macro Linkages
The Structure of Foreign News: The Presentation of the Congo, Cuba and Cyprus Crises in Four Norwegian Newspapers
Using a simplified psychology of perception and some additional assumptions, a system of twelve factors describing events is presented that together are used as a definition of 'newsworthiness'. Three basic hypotheses are presented: the additivity hypothesis that the more factors an event satisfies, the higher the probability that it becomes news; the complementarity hypothesis that the factors will tend to exclude each other since if one factor …
Violence, Peace, and Peace Research
En su trayectoria como campo cientifico, la Peace Research o Investigacion para la Paz reconoce que definir “paz” es, de hecho, una parte fundamental de una estrategia cientifica. En ese contexto, se ha dedicado a conceptualizar paz de forma amplia, dialogica y compleja, tal como diverso y complejo es el mundo. Del mismo modo, definir violencia se convierte en una labor igualmente compleja, una vez que mas importante que llegar a una definicion o…
On the Effects of International Economic Sanctions, With Examples from the Case of Rhodesia
It may seem preposterous to write about the effects of the economic sanctions currently in effect against Rhodesia since the process is not yet completed: we do not know how it will all end, and primary source material of a crucial nature is not yet available. But the purpose of this article is more in the direction of a general theory, using the case of Rhodesia as a source of examples and illustrations. The material on Rhodesia included here co…
A Structural Theory of Imperialism
This theory takes as its point of departure two of the most glaring facts about this world: the tremendous inequality, within and between nations, in almost all aspects of human living conditions, including the power to decide over those living conditions; and the resistance of this inequality to change
Cultural Violence
This article introduces a concept of `cultural violence', and can be seen as a follow-up of the author's introduction of the concept of `structural violence' over 20 years ago (Galtung, 1969). `Cultural violence' is defined here as any aspect of a culture that can be used to legitimize violence in its direct or structural form. Symbolic violence built into a culture does not kill or maim like direct violence or the violence built into the structu…
A Structural Theory of Aggression
Theory and methods of social research.
Structural and Direct Violence: A Note on Operationalization
In comparing these two types of violence only one aspect of structural violence will be discussed here: that which kills, although slowly, and undramatically from the point of view of direct violence. It should be kept in mind that there are very many other very different types of structural violence. In order to compare violence that kills slowly and violence that kills quickly, violence that is anonymous and violence that has an author, there h…
Structure, culture, and intellectual style: An essay comparing saxonic, teutonic, gallic and nipponic approaches
Twenty-Five Years of Peace Research: Ten Challenges and Some Responses
The article is an effort to discuss ten major dilemmas of peace research as the field has evolved over the last 25 years: the definition of peace research; peace as absence of violence (including structural violence); violence as obstacles to basic needs satisfaction; extension to peace in nature, human and social spaces (not only the global space); the dialectic between research, education and action; the social role of the peace researcher; the…
Foreign Policy Opinion as a Function of Social Position
In this article a theory of how foreign policy opinion depends on the social position of the opinion-holder is developed. The society is divided into a center and a periphery, where the center is the favored part and the periphery the rejected part of society. The periphery is the victim of insufficient communication and of isolation, and will for that reason represent other phases of attitude-formation than the center. Thus, the periphery will d…
Theory and Methods of Social Research
Pacifism from a sociological point of view
In this paper, an attempt will be made to define and describe pacifism from a sociological point of view, i.e., with use of sociological concepts and theories. This is done with two aims in mind: (1) to clarify some theoretical problems in sociology as well as in pacifist ideologies and (2) to point out some hypotheses that might not only be validated theoretically or ideologically but also possibly be tested empirically. We shall make use of thi…
A Structural Theory of integration
In this article a definition of integration is given, defining integration as a process whereby two or more actors form one new actor. There are many ways in which this may be brought about, and the process may have very different consequences, but conditions and consequences should not be confused with the definition. Three types of integration are then distinguished: territorial, organizational, and associational. These three types can be combi…
Peace by Peaceful Means: Peace and Conflict, Development and Civilization
Johan Galtung, one of the founders of modern peace studies, provides a wide-ranging panorama of the ideas, theories and assumptions on which the study of peace is based. The book is organized in four parts, each examining the one of the four major theoretical approaches to peace
Peace education: Learning to hate war, love peace, and to do something about it
East-West Interaction Patterns
Summit Meetings and International Relations
The Green Movement: A Socio-Historical Exploration
The green movement in Western Europe is analysed from three angles. Ideologically it is seen as a movement concerned with all the cracks in the Western social formation, its economy, its security system, its basic structures, its way of life, including its excesses. As such the movement serves as an umbrella movement for a number of partial movements, the most important ones being the ecology, women's and peace movements. However, the Green Movem…
Sociological Theory: Inquiries and Paradigms
Institutionalized Conflict Resolution: A theoretical paradigm
On the Meaning of Nonviolence
Two different ways of studying nonviolence are distinguished, depending on whether one uses explicit or implicit definitions of nonviolence used by others, whether writers on the subject or people who say they have practiced nonviolence, or one tries to develop one's own definition. The second approach is followed in this article in order to avoid ritualistic repetition of what others have regarded as nonviolence. Nonviolence is seen as an effort…
Western Civilization: Anatomy and Pathology
In this article, the author assumes that Western civilization (found in Western and Eastern Europe, North America, the USSR, and Muslim societies) has been dominant in the world, and he explores the positive and negative effects of this civilizational penetration on Hindu, Sinic and Nipponic traditions. Approaching the investigation from a cosmological perspective, he argues that civilizations are in incessant interaction – lending, borrowing, se…
On the future of human society
On the Future of the International System
The author attempts to present an image of a likely development of the international system in the rest of this century. This is not a prediction in the same sense as in the natural sciences since trends existing today obviously may be counteracted. But the effort is made to see where the trends in the world today are most likely, according to the author, to lead the world. Some possible political initiatives that may arise to reinforce or stop s…
On the Use of Physical Models in Sociology
The Social Functions of a Prison
The Social Functions of a Prison Get access Johan Galtung Johan Galtung Columbia University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social Problems, Volume 6, Issue 2, Autumn 1958, Pages 127–140, https://doi.org/10.2307/798885 Published: 08 August 2014
Pacifism from a sociological point of view
In this paper, an attempt will be made to define and describe pacifism from a sociological point of view, i.e., with use of sociological concepts and theories. This is done with two aims in mind: (1) to clarify some theoretical problems in sociology as well as in pacifist ideologies and (2) to point out some hypotheses that might not only be validated theoretically or ideologically but also possibly be tested empirically. We shall make use of thi…
The Strategy of Conflict. Thomas C. Schelling
Individual Choice Behavior: A Theoretical Analysis. R. Duncan Luce
Summit Meetings and International Relations
Conflict and Defense: A General Theory. Kenneth E. Boulding
Foreign Policy Opinion as a Function of Social Position
In this article a theory of how foreign policy opinion depends on the social position of the opinion-holder is developed. The society is divided into a center and a periphery, where the center is the favored part and the periphery the rejected part of society. The periphery is the victim of insufficient communication and of isolation, and will for that reason represent other phases of attitude-formation than the center. Thus, the periphery will d…
A Structural Theory of Aggression
The Structure of Foreign News: The Presentation of the Congo, Cuba and Cyprus Crises in Four Norwegian Newspapers
Using a simplified psychology of perception and some additional assumptions, a system of twelve factors describing events is presented that together are used as a definition of 'newsworthiness'. Three basic hypotheses are presented: the additivity hypothesis that the more factors an event satisfies, the higher the probability that it becomes news; the complementarity hypothesis that the factors will tend to exclude each other since if one factor …
Institutionalized Conflict Resolution: A theoretical paradigm
Patterns of Diplomacy: A Study of Recruitment and Career Patterns in Norwegian Diplomacy
In this article the institution of diplomacy is examined in terms of its main functions: negotiation, representation and as a channel of information. Some theses about how diplomacy changes with growing internationalization, about changes in diplomatic style from elite-oriented via treaty-oriented to structure-oriented diplomacy, about the various effects the extraordinarily high rank of the diplomat has, about the types of contact diplomats usua…
On the Meaning of Nonviolence
Two different ways of studying nonviolence are distinguished, depending on whether one uses explicit or implicit definitions of nonviolence used by others, whether writers on the subject or people who say they have practiced nonviolence, or one tries to develop one's own definition. The second approach is followed in this article in order to avoid ritualistic repetition of what others have regarded as nonviolence. Nonviolence is seen as an effort…
East-West Interaction Patterns
Belligerence Among the Primitives: A re-analysis of Quincy Wright's data
In this article the data on 652 primitive societies presented in Quincy Wright's A Study of War are analyzed by means of the techniques of multi-variate analysis and index- construction. Thirty-three percent of the societies are characterized as 'belligerent' in the sense that they are reputed to engage in aggressive warfare for economic or political purposes. An index of primitivity was constructed based on information on economic, political and…
Socio-Cultural Factors and the Development of Sociology in Latin America
Research in universities, independent institutes and government departments: Eleven contributions to a discussion
Peer Reviewed
Popular Inspection of Disarmament Processes: The Reaction of a Norwegian Population Sample
On the Effects of International Economic Sanctions, With Examples from the Case of Rhodesia
It may seem preposterous to write about the effects of the economic sanctions currently in effect against Rhodesia since the process is not yet completed: we do not know how it will all end, and primary source material of a crucial nature is not yet available. But the purpose of this article is more in the direction of a general theory, using the case of Rhodesia as a source of examples and illustrations. The material on Rhodesia included here co…
On the Future of the International System
The author attempts to present an image of a likely development of the international system in the rest of this century. This is not a prediction in the same sense as in the natural sciences since trends existing today obviously may be counteracted. But the effort is made to see where the trends in the world today are most likely, according to the author, to lead the world. Some possible political initiatives that may arise to reinforce or stop s…
Two Approaches To Disarmament: The Legalist and the Structuralist
The thesis of the paper is that disarmament thinking and particularly disarmament negotiations are governed by a legalist frame of reference patterned after domestic law, based on the ideas of establishment of a set of norms (a treaty), a detection machinery to discover deviance, an adjudication machinery concerned with verification, con viction, and sentences, a system of sanctions, and a validation system (Supreme Courts in domestic law). To th…
Theory and Methods of Social Research
Sociological Theory: Inquiries and Paradigms
Teoría y métodos de la investigación social
Teoría y métodos de la investigación social
Political science (90 works) · Sociology (64 works) · Law (58 works) · Computer Science (41 works) · Philosophy (37 works) · Psychology (31 works) · Law (30 works) · Politics (29 works) · Economics (28 works) · Epistemology (24 works)