Grace Skogstad
Biographic Data
| ID | 1129923 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Grace Skogstad |
| GIVEN NAMES | Grace |
| FAMILY NAME | Skogstad |
| SIGNATURE | SKOGSTAD G |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Toronto |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3480-1127 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 42 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 449 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 42 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1980 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2023 |
| H-INDEX | 10 |
Canadian Public Policy: The State of the Discipline
This article examines the state of the English-language peer-reviewed literature published over the 2011–2021 period whose objective is to describe and explain processes of development of Canadian public policies and their consequences. It first presents a profile of the surveyed literature's attention to different policy sectors, elements of public policy, and its chosen methodologies to study them. It then examines the empirical and theoretical…
Media Coverage and Public Policy: Reinforcing and Undermining Media Images and Advanced Biofuels Policies in Canada and the United States
Both Canada and the US have mandated biofuels’ use in transport fuel. However, while Canadian biofuel mandates have been largely uncontroversial, US biofuels mandates have been subject to considerable controversy. To explain this cross-national difference, the article examines media coverage of advanced biofuels in American and Canadian newspapers over 2010–2016 and developments with respect to the implementation of advanced biofuel mandates. It …
Political Parties and Policy Change in Canadian Agricultural Marketing Institutions
Examining issue politicization of regulated marketing in Canadian agriculture, this article investigates factors affecting political parties’ strategies in response and the ensuing consequences for policy change. It argues that parties adopt a politicization strategy when doing so advances both their ideational and electoral goals. Politicization strategies of Canadian parties are also affected by territorialism’s impact on their capacity to alig…
Mixed feedback dynamics and the USA renewable fuel standard: The roles of policy design and administrative agency
Strangers at the gate: The role of multidimensional ideas, policy anomalies and institutional gatekeepers in biofuel policy developments in the USA and European Union
Multilateral Collaboration in Canadian Intergovernmental Relations: The Role of Procedural and Reciprocal Norms
This article investigates the conditions that facilitate multilateral collaboration in Canadian intergovernmental relations (IGR). It argues that durable patterns of multilateral collaboration require particular procedural and reciprocal norms. These norms develop through structured and repeated interactions among intergovernmental actors as they learn over time how to share jurisdictional responsibility for a policy field to their mutual advanta…
When Normative and Market Power Interact: The European Union and Global Biofuels Governance
Drawing on the literature on the market and normative power of the EU, we document and explain the limited success of the EU in transferring its environmental standards with respect to sustainable biofuels governance to the world's two largest biofuels producers – the US and Brazil – and to two international standard setting organizations, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the Global Bioenergy Partnership (GBEP). Our ex…
Policy feedback and self-reinforcing and self-undermining processes in EU biofuels policy
This article traces European Union (EU) biofuels policy development from the late 1990s through to 2015, demonstrating the effects of the early multiple rationales for biofuels in generating both self-reinforcing processes of policy continuity as well as self-undermining processes of policy discontinuity. It argues that features of the EU political and institutional context – most importantly, institutional imperatives for a consensus across mult…
Revisiting Richard Simeon's “Studying Public Policy
The articles in this symposium reflect on Richard Simeon's article, “Studying Public Policy,” published forty years ago in this journal. In this introduction, we review these articles’ contribution to three themes in “Studying Public Policy”: first, the goal of the study of public policy should be policy analysis and explanation, not policy prescription; second, the analysis of public policy outcomes requires a holistic and contextually situated …
Authority Contests, Power and Policy Paradigm Change: Explaining Developments in Grain Marketing Policy in Prairie Canada–Erratum
Authority Contests, Power and Policy Paradigm Change: Explaining Developments in Grain Marketing Policy in Prairie Canada
This article investigates the nature and role of authority contests—the claims and counterclaims about whose ideas matter on policy debates and via what procedures they should be heard—in policy paradigm contestation, reform and abandonment. Examining the authority contests around prairie Canada's grain marketing policy illustrates an additional pathway—a value-driven model—to Hall's model of endogenous policy anomalies. It further documents diff…
Policy image resilience, multidimensionality, and policy image management: A study of US biofuel policy
This paper contributes to our understanding of why delegitimising focusing events, combined with the mobilisation of policy losers, does not always result in major policy change by undermining a monopolistic policy image and policy subsystem. Based on a close enquiry of American biofuel policy development, it argues that we can make headway in this endeavour by focusing on three factors: first, the congruence of a policy image with core values of…
Policy Paradigms, Transnationalism, and Domestic Politics
Expertly researched and assembled, Policy Paradigms, Transnationalism, and Domestic Politics provides insight into the conditions under which different transnational actors can bring about changes in the core ideas that affect public policy development.
Contested Accountability Claims and GMO Regulation in the European Union: Contested Accountability Claims and Gmo Regulation in the European Union
This article investigates the EU's regulation of GMOs (genetically modified organisms) to argue the potential for difficult-to-reconcile conflicts to arise between the internal accountability standards of Member State citizens and external accountability obligations to fellow WTO (World Trade Organization) members. Tracing the internal–external accountability conflicts to the distinct EU–WTO political cultures of GMO risk regulation, the article …
The Common Agricultural Policy: Continuity and Change
The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union (EU) is a unique agricultural policy world‐wide. When it was devised in the late 1950s and its objectives enshrined in the Treaty of Rome
Regulating genetically modified crops and foods in Canada and the United Kingdom: Democratizing risk regulation
This article examines the alternate use of models of representative, functional and citizen-centred participatory democracy in the formulation of policies to regulate the risks of genetically modified crops and foods in the United Kingdom and Canada. It demonstrates that representative, functional and participatory democracy have all played a role in the United Kingdom; functional democracy has been ascendant in Canada, with representative democr…
The Dynamics of Institutional Transformation: The Case of the Canadian Wheat Board
This article provides an account of institutional transformation, the scope of which is greater than incremental adaptation but less than paradigmatic change. It highlights the role in institutional change of an institution's mechanism of reproduction, the competing discourses of its supporters and critics, the strategic actions of responsible policy makers, and the context of institutional bombardment. It argues that non-paradigmatic institution…
Regulating Genetic Engineering in the United States and the European Union: Policy Development and Policy Resilience
The article offers an explanation of the distinct trajectories of policy development of the American and European Union regulatory regimes for genetically modified foods and crops. The permissive American regulatory regime has been resilient; the rigorous EU regime, much less so. The account of policy development and policy resilience directs attention to the foundational ideas and material legacies of regulatory policies at an early critical jun…
Legitimacy and/or policy effectiveness: Network governance and GMO regulation in the European Union
The article examines the legitimation imperatives of EU-level regulatory governing, the institutional capacity to respond to these imperatives, and the resulting implications for policy effectiveness. It argues that both output and input legitimacy are necessary for authoritative supra-state regulation in certain policy domains. To secure both democratic legitimation and effective policy-making, input legitimation mechanisms should function as in…
Who Governs? Who Should Govern: Political Authority and Legitimacy in Canada in the Twenty-First Century
This article examines the contemporary basis of legitimate governance in Canada by identifying and documenting four different bases of political authority: state-centred, market-based, expert and popular authority. The co-existence of these competing bases of authority, traced to cultural shifts and developments associated with globalization, creates conflicting domestic and international norms of procedural and substantive legitimacy. The articl…
Internationalization, Democracy, and Food Safety Measures: The (Il)Legitimacy of Consumer Preferences
Reconciling internationalization with democracy is a matter of considerable interest and importance. As a mode of governance, democracy presumes the relevance of the territorial state; the geographic scope of those who exercise political authority coincides with the population that they represent and are accountable to and that have a voice in their decisions. This presumption is increasingly at odds with internationalization and the emergence of…
The WTO and Food Safety Regulatory Policy Innovation in the European Union
This article, first, weighs the impact of exogenous developments associated with the supranational regulation of food safety in the World Trade Organization (WTO) relative to internal pressures associated with food safety crises and the breakdown of the internal market on food safety regulatory reforms underway in the European Union (EU); and second, probes the capacity and propensity of the Commission to act as a policy entrepreneur, leveraging …
Canadian Federalism, Internationalization and Quebec Agriculture: Dis-Engagement, Re-Integration
Grace Skogstad, Canadian Federalism, Internationalization and Quebec Agriculture: Dis-Engagement, Re-Integration?, Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques, Vol. 24, No. 1 (Mar., 1998), pp. 27-48
Ideas, Paradigms and Institutions: Agricultural Exceptionalism in the European Union and the United States
The differing trajectory of agricultural policy reforms in the 1990s in the world's two most important agricultural powers, the United States and the European Community/Union (EC/EU), can only be fully understood by appreciating the role that ideas play in policy outcomes. The idea of agricultural exceptionalism underwrote a paradigm of state assistance in the US and the EC/EU. By the mid‐1980s, the state assistance paradigm was under stress, and…
Paradigm Shifts and Policy Networks: Cumulative Change in Agriculture
This article presents an alternative trajectory to policy paradigm change to that outlined by Peter A. Hall's social learning model, in which unsuccessful efforts by state officials to respond to policy failures and anomalies in the existing paradigm eventually trigger a broader, societal, political partisan debate about policy principles. From this society-wide contestation over policy goals, problems, and solutions, a new policy paradigm emerge…
Ideas, Paradigms and Institutions: Agricultural Exceptionalism in the European Union and the United States
The differing trajectory of agricultural policy reforms in the 1990s in the world's two most important agricultural powers, the United States and the European Community/Union (EC/EU), can only be fully understood by appreciating the role that ideas play in policy outcomes. The idea of agricultural exceptionalism underwrote a paradigm of state assistance in the US and the EC/EU. By the mid‐1980s, the state assistance paradigm was under stress, and…
Paradigm Shifts and Policy Networks: Cumulative Change in Agriculture
This article presents an alternative trajectory to policy paradigm change to that outlined by Peter A. Hall's social learning model, in which unsuccessful efforts by state officials to respond to policy failures and anomalies in the existing paradigm eventually trigger a broader, societal, political partisan debate about policy principles. From this society-wide contestation over policy goals, problems, and solutions, a new policy paradigm emerge…
Legitimacy and/or policy effectiveness: Network governance and GMO regulation in the European Union
The article examines the legitimation imperatives of EU-level regulatory governing, the institutional capacity to respond to these imperatives, and the resulting implications for policy effectiveness. It argues that both output and input legitimacy are necessary for authoritative supra-state regulation in certain policy domains. To secure both democratic legitimation and effective policy-making, input legitimation mechanisms should function as in…
Policy feedback and self-reinforcing and self-undermining processes in EU biofuels policy
This article traces European Union (EU) biofuels policy development from the late 1990s through to 2015, demonstrating the effects of the early multiple rationales for biofuels in generating both self-reinforcing processes of policy continuity as well as self-undermining processes of policy discontinuity. It argues that features of the EU political and institutional context – most importantly, institutional imperatives for a consensus across mult…
Policy image resilience, multidimensionality, and policy image management: A study of US biofuel policy
This paper contributes to our understanding of why delegitimising focusing events, combined with the mobilisation of policy losers, does not always result in major policy change by undermining a monopolistic policy image and policy subsystem. Based on a close enquiry of American biofuel policy development, it argues that we can make headway in this endeavour by focusing on three factors: first, the congruence of a policy image with core values of…
Contested Accountability Claims and GMO Regulation in the European Union: Contested Accountability Claims and Gmo Regulation in the European Union
This article investigates the EU's regulation of GMOs (genetically modified organisms) to argue the potential for difficult-to-reconcile conflicts to arise between the internal accountability standards of Member State citizens and external accountability obligations to fellow WTO (World Trade Organization) members. Tracing the internal–external accountability conflicts to the distinct EU–WTO political cultures of GMO risk regulation, the article …
Neo‐liberalism, policy networks, and policy change: Agricultural policy reform in Australia and Canada
Developments favouring the liberalisation and globalisation of economic exchange and increasingly rigid constraints on domestic fiscal policy have provided support for neo‐ liberal policy ideas. Neolibcralism challenges the logic of embedded liberalism that underscored trade multilateralism in the post‐second world war period, and the exclusion of sectors like agriculture from the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Focusing on agricultural p…
Who Governs? Who Should Govern: Political Authority and Legitimacy in Canada in the Twenty-First Century
This article examines the contemporary basis of legitimate governance in Canada by identifying and documenting four different bases of political authority: state-centred, market-based, expert and popular authority. The co-existence of these competing bases of authority, traced to cultural shifts and developments associated with globalization, creates conflicting domestic and international norms of procedural and substantive legitimacy. The articl…
The WTO and Food Safety Regulatory Policy Innovation in the European Union
This article, first, weighs the impact of exogenous developments associated with the supranational regulation of food safety in the World Trade Organization (WTO) relative to internal pressures associated with food safety crises and the breakdown of the internal market on food safety regulatory reforms underway in the European Union (EU); and second, probes the capacity and propensity of the Commission to act as a policy entrepreneur, leveraging …
Strangers at the gate: The role of multidimensional ideas, policy anomalies and institutional gatekeepers in biofuel policy developments in the USA and European Union
When Normative and Market Power Interact: The European Union and Global Biofuels Governance
Drawing on the literature on the market and normative power of the EU, we document and explain the limited success of the EU in transferring its environmental standards with respect to sustainable biofuels governance to the world's two largest biofuels producers – the US and Brazil – and to two international standard setting organizations, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the Global Bioenergy Partnership (GBEP). Our ex…
The Dynamics of Institutional Transformation: The Case of the Canadian Wheat Board
This article provides an account of institutional transformation, the scope of which is greater than incremental adaptation but less than paradigmatic change. It highlights the role in institutional change of an institution's mechanism of reproduction, the competing discourses of its supporters and critics, the strategic actions of responsible policy makers, and the context of institutional bombardment. It argues that non-paradigmatic institution…
Mixed feedback dynamics and the USA renewable fuel standard: The roles of policy design and administrative agency
Policy Communities and Public Policy in Canada: A Structural Approach
Multilateral Collaboration in Canadian Intergovernmental Relations: The Role of Procedural and Reciprocal Norms
This article investigates the conditions that facilitate multilateral collaboration in Canadian intergovernmental relations (IGR). It argues that durable patterns of multilateral collaboration require particular procedural and reciprocal norms. These norms develop through structured and repeated interactions among intergovernmental actors as they learn over time how to share jurisdictional responsibility for a policy field to their mutual advanta…
Regulating genetically modified crops and foods in Canada and the United Kingdom: Democratizing risk regulation
This article examines the alternate use of models of representative, functional and citizen-centred participatory democracy in the formulation of policies to regulate the risks of genetically modified crops and foods in the United Kingdom and Canada. It demonstrates that representative, functional and participatory democracy have all played a role in the United Kingdom; functional democracy has been ascendant in Canada, with representative democr…
Authority Contests, Power and Policy Paradigm Change: Explaining Developments in Grain Marketing Policy in Prairie Canada
This article investigates the nature and role of authority contests—the claims and counterclaims about whose ideas matter on policy debates and via what procedures they should be heard—in policy paradigm contestation, reform and abandonment. Examining the authority contests around prairie Canada's grain marketing policy illustrates an additional pathway—a value-driven model—to Hall's model of endogenous policy anomalies. It further documents diff…
The Common Agricultural Policy: Continuity and Change
The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union (EU) is a unique agricultural policy world‐wide. When it was devised in the late 1950s and its objectives enshrined in the Treaty of Rome
The State, Organized Interests and Canadian Agricultural Trade Policy: The Impact of Institutions
This article examines the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the objective of explaining the inclusion of agriculture in the FTA, the negotiation process surrounding the FTA and the outcomes with respect to agricultural commodities. It departs from both the systemic and state-centred models which have dominated Canadian foreign economic policy to argue that, while developments in the international trading system are important fa…
Interest Groups, Representation and Conflict Management in the Standing Committees of the House of Commons
Proposals to strengthen regional representation in national institutions are premised on the assumption that representation of (regional) interests and accommodation of conflicts between competing interests are compatible roles, and most likely when national decision makers represent all contending interests. The article argues that the two roles are not necessarily compatible. The behaviour of MPs on the agriculture and transport committees in d…
Political Parties and Policy Change in Canadian Agricultural Marketing Institutions
Examining issue politicization of regulated marketing in Canadian agriculture, this article investigates factors affecting political parties’ strategies in response and the ensuing consequences for policy change. It argues that parties adopt a politicization strategy when doing so advances both their ideational and electoral goals. Politicization strategies of Canadian parties are also affected by territorialism’s impact on their capacity to alig…
Canadian Public Policy: The State of the Discipline
This article examines the state of the English-language peer-reviewed literature published over the 2011–2021 period whose objective is to describe and explain processes of development of Canadian public policies and their consequences. It first presents a profile of the surveyed literature's attention to different policy sectors, elements of public policy, and its chosen methodologies to study them. It then examines the empirical and theoretical…
Revisiting Richard Simeon's “Studying Public Policy
The articles in this symposium reflect on Richard Simeon's article, “Studying Public Policy,” published forty years ago in this journal. In this introduction, we review these articles’ contribution to three themes in “Studying Public Policy”: first, the goal of the study of public policy should be policy analysis and explanation, not policy prescription; second, the analysis of public policy outcomes requires a holistic and contextually situated …
Regulating Genetic Engineering in the United States and the European Union: Policy Development and Policy Resilience
The article offers an explanation of the distinct trajectories of policy development of the American and European Union regulatory regimes for genetically modified foods and crops. The permissive American regulatory regime has been resilient; the rigorous EU regime, much less so. The account of policy development and policy resilience directs attention to the foundational ideas and material legacies of regulatory policies at an early critical jun…
Policy under siege: Supply management in agricultural marketing
National supply management in the Canadian dairy and poultry sectors is under siege. Its inherent protectionism is increasingly labelled anachronistic in the contemporary, globally competitive economy. This article probes the origins and political economy of the crisis in supply management. It argues that the pragmatism that led to the creation of private interest governments in the dairy and poultry sectors was not accompanied by the necessary d…
Agrarian Protest in Alberta
Le but de cette recherche est de démontrer les liens directs entre I'activité de protestation des fermiers individus de l'Alberta et le mécontentement économique, les croyances populaires et l'aliénation politique. Le présent rapport de ces trois thèmes prééminents dans les récits des mouvements agraires des prairies canadiennes avant 1950 ‐ le mécontentement économique, les croyances populaires et I'alienation politique découle des structures co…
The Farm Products Marketing Agencies Act: A Case Study of Agricultural Policy
The Farm Products Marketing Agencies Act (FPMAA), passed by Parliament in 1972, was a compromise on the original bill introduced by Bud Olson two years earlier. The nature of the issue at stake nationalmarketing boards with supply management authority; the policy process surrounding the FPMAA; and the interests, resources, goals and tactics of the participants involved all affected the compromise outcome. So, too, did broader ideological, institu…
Affirmative action: A palliative condemned for the wrong reasons
Interest Groups, Representation and Conflict Management in the Standing Committees of the House of Commons
Proposals to strengthen regional representation in national institutions are premised on the assumption that representation of (regional) interests and accommodation of conflicts between competing interests are compatible roles, and most likely when national decision makers represent all contending interests. The article argues that the two roles are not necessarily compatible. The behaviour of MPs on the agriculture and transport committees in d…
State Autonomy and Provincial Policy-Making: Potato Marketing in New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island
Nordlinger's thesis regarding the capacity of state officials to act autonomously is examined by focussing upon the behaviour of elected officials in New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island during a debate to reform the potato marketing system. The article argues that Nordlinger overstates the autonomy of elected officials by failing to appreciate that dominant societal groups can deploy many of the same autonomy-enhancing instruments available to…
The Politics of Agricultural Policy-Making in Canada
The application of Canadian and U.S. trade remedy laws: Irreconcilable expectations
The Canada‐United States free trade agreement provides for the creation of a bilateral panel to settle trade disputes between Canada and the United States. Mandated to determine whether existing domestic trade remedy laws have been applied “correctly and fairly,” the bilateral panel has been heralded as ensuring an end to bias, protectionism and political interference in the U.S. trade remedy system. A review of recent decisions with respect to t…
World Agricultural Trade: Building a Consensus
Canadian Agriculture Policy and Prairie AgricultureMurray Fulton, Ken Rosaasen and Andrew Schmitz Ottawa: Economic Council of Canada, 1989, pp. xi, 119
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Policy Communities and Public Policy in Canada: A Structural Approach
Agricultural Trade: Domestic Pressures and International Tensions
The State, Organized Interests and Canadian Agricultural Trade Policy: The Impact of Institutions
This article examines the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the objective of explaining the inclusion of agriculture in the FTA, the negotiation process surrounding the FTA and the outcomes with respect to agricultural commodities. It departs from both the systemic and state-centred models which have dominated Canadian foreign economic policy to argue that, while developments in the international trading system are important fa…
Bibliographie/reviews
Ager, D., Sociolinguistics and Contemporary French, Cambridge, University Press, 1990, 263 p. ALTING VON GESAU, F.A.M. (ed.), Beyond Containment and Division: Western Cooperation from a Post‐Totalitarian Perspective, Dordrecht, Martinus Nijhoff, 1992, 267 p. BLAAS, W. and FOSTER, J. (eds.), Mixed Economies in Europe (An Evolutionary Perspective on their Emergence, Transition and Regulation), Published by Edward Elgar on behalf of the European Ass…
Policy under siege: Supply management in agricultural marketing
National supply management in the Canadian dairy and poultry sectors is under siege. Its inherent protectionism is increasingly labelled anachronistic in the contemporary, globally competitive economy. This article probes the origins and political economy of the crisis in supply management. It argues that the pragmatism that led to the creation of private interest governments in the dairy and poultry sectors was not accompanied by the necessary d…
Bibliographie/reviews
BLACKWILL, R.D. and CARNESALE, A. (eds.), New Nuclear Nations: Consequences for U.S. Policy, New York, Council on Foreign Relations, 1993, 288 p. BLANQUET, M., L'Article 5 du Traité CEE. Paris, Librairie générale de Droit et de jurisprudence, 1994, xxiv + 502 p. BREMER, B. (ed.), Europe by Nature: Starting Points for Sustainable Development, Amsterdam, Conspectus Europae, 1992, 240 p. CAFRUNY, A.W. et ROSENTHAL, G.G. (eds.), The State of the Euro…
Bibliographie/reviews
DUMON, W. and NEULANT, T., European Observatory on National Family Policies: Trends and Developments in 1992. Technical Annex, Brussels, Directorate General for Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs, Commission of the European Communities, 1994, 142 p. HALL, S., Nationality, Migration Rights and Citizenship of the Union, Dordrecht, Martinus Nijhoff, 1995, 214 p. MARTIN, S. (ed.), The Construction of Europe: Essays in Honour of Emile…
Neo‐liberalism, policy networks, and policy change: Agricultural policy reform in Australia and Canada
Developments favouring the liberalisation and globalisation of economic exchange and increasingly rigid constraints on domestic fiscal policy have provided support for neo‐ liberal policy ideas. Neolibcralism challenges the logic of embedded liberalism that underscored trade multilateralism in the post‐second world war period, and the exclusion of sectors like agriculture from the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Focusing on agricultural p…
Paradigm Shifts and Policy Networks: Cumulative Change in Agriculture
This article presents an alternative trajectory to policy paradigm change to that outlined by Peter A. Hall's social learning model, in which unsuccessful efforts by state officials to respond to policy failures and anomalies in the existing paradigm eventually trigger a broader, societal, political partisan debate about policy principles. From this society-wide contestation over policy goals, problems, and solutions, a new policy paradigm emerge…
Canadian Federalism, Internationalization and Quebec Agriculture: Dis-Engagement, Re-Integration
Grace Skogstad, Canadian Federalism, Internationalization and Quebec Agriculture: Dis-Engagement, Re-Integration?, Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques, Vol. 24, No. 1 (Mar., 1998), pp. 27-48
Ideas, Paradigms and Institutions: Agricultural Exceptionalism in the European Union and the United States
The differing trajectory of agricultural policy reforms in the 1990s in the world's two most important agricultural powers, the United States and the European Community/Union (EC/EU), can only be fully understood by appreciating the role that ideas play in policy outcomes. The idea of agricultural exceptionalism underwrote a paradigm of state assistance in the US and the EC/EU. By the mid‐1980s, the state assistance paradigm was under stress, and…
Internationalization, Democracy, and Food Safety Measures: The (Il)Legitimacy of Consumer Preferences
Reconciling internationalization with democracy is a matter of considerable interest and importance. As a mode of governance, democracy presumes the relevance of the territorial state; the geographic scope of those who exercise political authority coincides with the population that they represent and are accountable to and that have a voice in their decisions. This presumption is increasingly at odds with internationalization and the emergence of…
The WTO and Food Safety Regulatory Policy Innovation in the European Union
This article, first, weighs the impact of exogenous developments associated with the supranational regulation of food safety in the World Trade Organization (WTO) relative to internal pressures associated with food safety crises and the breakdown of the internal market on food safety regulatory reforms underway in the European Union (EU); and second, probes the capacity and propensity of the Commission to act as a policy entrepreneur, leveraging …
Legitimacy and/or policy effectiveness: Network governance and GMO regulation in the European Union
The article examines the legitimation imperatives of EU-level regulatory governing, the institutional capacity to respond to these imperatives, and the resulting implications for policy effectiveness. It argues that both output and input legitimacy are necessary for authoritative supra-state regulation in certain policy domains. To secure both democratic legitimation and effective policy-making, input legitimation mechanisms should function as in…
Who Governs? Who Should Govern: Political Authority and Legitimacy in Canada in the Twenty-First Century
This article examines the contemporary basis of legitimate governance in Canada by identifying and documenting four different bases of political authority: state-centred, market-based, expert and popular authority. The co-existence of these competing bases of authority, traced to cultural shifts and developments associated with globalization, creates conflicting domestic and international norms of procedural and substantive legitimacy. The articl…
Regulating Genetic Engineering in the United States and the European Union: Policy Development and Policy Resilience
The article offers an explanation of the distinct trajectories of policy development of the American and European Union regulatory regimes for genetically modified foods and crops. The permissive American regulatory regime has been resilient; the rigorous EU regime, much less so. The account of policy development and policy resilience directs attention to the foundational ideas and material legacies of regulatory policies at an early critical jun…
Political science (38 works) · Law (32 works) · Law (31 works) · Economics (29 works) · Politics (25 works) · Public Administration (16 works) · Public Administration (16 works) · International trade (14 works) · Business (13 works) · Sociology (13 works)