R Hood
Biographic Data
| ID | 11612 |
|---|---|
| NAME | R Hood |
| GIVEN NAMES | R |
| FAMILY NAME | Hood |
| SIGNATURE | HOOD R |
| AFFILIATIONS | Kingston University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4134-4892 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 34 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 108 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 34 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1934 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Attachment theory and research
Attachment theory is one of the core theories proposed for child and family social work, but concerns have been raised regarding misunderstandings and misapplications. Misinformation about attachment is widespread, and texts and teaching on attachment theory often emphasise aspects of the theory that have limited value for applied practice while other elements with greater practice value are often overlooked. As an international group of social w…
Care leaver outcomes for children in children’s homes
Young people leaving care face significant challenges in housing, education, and employment, with those from children’s homes experiencing the poorest outcomes. This paper reports on a national analysis of these outcomes in England using linked administrative data from the Children Looked After (CLA) and Children in Need (CIN) datasets. Five birth cohorts of young people who aged out of care between 2016 and 2020 (n≈40,000) were followed to age 2…
Just because we can does not mean we should
Administrative data are increasingly used in impact evaluations of complex interventions in children’s social care (CSC), offering advantages such as longitudinal, population-level coverage, and reduced burden on families and practitioners. However, administrative data alone are insufficient to support meaningful and responsible evaluation. Drawing on insights from two webinars hosted by the Children’s Social Care Data User Group, which focused o…
Factors associated with the school exclusion gap for children with social work involvement
Children who receive social care services are known to have higher exclusion rates than those without social care involvement. However, there is limited evidence on which groups of children are most at risk of this exclusion gap. This article reports on a retrospective analysis of administrative data from the National Pupil Database in England, covering two age-based cohorts of children (n = 1.2 million) who took standardized tests in 2019. Child…
What factors are associated with placement instability for children in children’s homes in England? A retrospective cohort analysis using national administrative data
In England, increasing numbers of children in care are placed in children’s homes, despite a shortage of suitable placements and concerns about continuity of care. Unstable and unsuitable care arrangements make it harder to look after children with complex needs and can have a long-term impact on their health and well-being. It is therefore important to understand the factors associated with multiple changes in placement. This article reports fin…
The social must be stabilised
In Donzelot's landmark The Policing of Families, he traced the rise of the "social" sector in the 18th century, where institutions like social work, education, and healthcare regulated families, shaping norms of deviance to justify intervention. Social scientists continue to debate the impact of post-2008 austerity measures on the relationship between the social sector and family life in contemporary society. This study aims to contribute to thes…
Knowledge brokering inside the policy making process
Knowledge brokering can play a key role in improving evidence use inside government departments, though this may vary between jurisdictions because different administrations may vary the roles and functions of groups of civil servants. Understanding how different roles could contribute to a brokering approach to evidence use would help fill a gap in researchers' understanding about the evidence-to-policy process and help government departments fo…
Intervention Pathways following a Social Work Assessment
The majority of children referred to social care services in England go on to receive a statutory assessment by a social worker. Research has identified consistent categories of demand based on the needs identified in assessments. However, little is known about the relationship between children’s assessed needs and their subsequent intervention pathways. To explore this relationship, secondary analysis was undertaken of a national administrative …
Inequality and its implications for the social work profession
Predictors of re-referral to children’s social care services
Categorising Demand for Child Welfare Services Using Latent Class Analysis
In England, administrative data on children’s needs are recorded following a social work assessment. These data are typically used to understand prevalence of individual risk factors and to inform processes, such as the work of local safeguarding partners and multi-agency services. However, reporting individual factors at assessment cannot capture the complexity and heterogeneity of multiple and overlapping needs. This study aimed to identify com…
Patterns of Demand and Provision in English Adult Social Care Services
This article reports on a quantitative study of the national datasets for adult social care in England. Building on recent analysis of trends in demand and expenditure, the aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between local authority (LA) characteristics, levels of demand for state-funded services and rates of short- and long-term provision. Publicly available data on short- and long-term activity and finances were collected for a…
Reunification and Re-entry to Care
This article reports on a quantitative study of the national datasets for children in state care in England. The aim of the study was to investigate the likelihood of re-entry to care for children who returned home to their parents or main carers after an episode of care. An anonymised extract of case-level information on all children who received an episode of care between 2014 and 2020 (n = 51,238) was assembled from local authority (LA) admini…
Factors affecting the social gradient in children’s social care
The social gradient in children’s social care refers to the relationship between socio-economic status and the likelihood of a child welfare intervention. This article reports on a quantitative study of national administrative data, aiming to identify social gradients across all local authorities in England and to examine the factors affecting their relative strength. An anonymised extract of case-level information on all school-aged children inv…
Exploring the impact of Ofsted inspections on performance in children’s social care
Beyond the Toxic Trio
Demand for children’s social care is often conflated with rates of intervention and associated with a limited constellation of parental risk factors. This article reports on a more comprehensive picture of demand obtained through a quantitative study of child welfare interventions in England. Longitudinal child-level data were combined from children’s social care services in six English local authorities over a four-year period (2015–2018). Laten…
Exploring drivers of demand for child protection services in an English local authority
This paper reports on an empirical study of child protection services in a local authority where rates of investigations and interventions rose to unprecedented levels during the course of a single year. The aim of the research was to explore explanations for this rise in demand among the providers of children's social care in the area. Using an interpretative qualitative design, a series of focus groups and interviews were carried out with pract…
Using outcome measures in child protection work
While many evidence‐based tools and measures exist to support child protection practice, in the United Kingdom, there is little evidence of their routine use in casework. This paper reports on a qualitative study exploring the use of such tools with children and families receiving statutory social care services. Fifteen social workers working in child safeguarding teams in two local authorities in Southeast England agreed to incorporate the use o…
Screen, Ration and Churn
This article presents findings from a quantitative study of the national data-sets for statutory children’s social care services in England. The aim of the study was to examine how demand management varied in local authorities with differing levels of area deprivation. About 152 local authorities census returns and other statistical indicators covering the period 2014–2017 were combined into a single data-set. Statistical analysis was undertaken …
A Study of Practitioner–Service User Relationships in Social Work
`This paper reports on findings from a qualitative study of practitioner–service user relationships in social work. The research aimed to identify social workers’ personal constructs of their relationships with service users and explore how these constructs differed across roles and settings. A qualitative methodology employing a variation on role repertory grid techniques was used to carry out semi-structured interviews with social workers. Twen…
What to Measure in Child Protection
This paper explores key conceptual frameworks for measurement in child-protection (CP) services and considers their application in the English statutory system. After introducing some of the debates surrounding the use of measures in CP, three different perspectives are considered: performance-based accountability, evidence-based approaches and socio-technical systems design. The paper outlines the main principles of each perspective and their im…
An analysis of Ofsted inspection reports for children's social care services in England
The Office for Standards in Education, Children's Services and Skills (Ofsted) is responsible for inspecting services that care for children and young people in England and Wales. This paper presents findings from an independent study of Ofsted inspections into children's social care in England, covering reports under three inspection frameworks during the period 2009 to 2016. The research aimed to identify the main themes of recommendations made…
Complex systems, explanation and policy
Much public health research considers interventions that influence and are influenced by both individuals’ health and the society around them; this can be described as a complex system. We consider the role of explanation alongside statistical inference as crucial to obtaining credible and useful insights, particularly in light of concerns about a ‘crisis of replication’, and reflect on the difficulty in researching complex systems. In this paper…
Blinded by Science
Are we sleepwalking into a new era of state-sanctioned epi-eugenics? This ominous question hangs like a shadow over David Wastell and Sue White’s new book, whose technical-sounding title belies the fierce critique between the covers. Their target is not the brutal sterilisation and extermination programmes that Spencerian eugenics helped to unleash in the twentieth century. Instead, they are concerned with a contemporary and rather murky confluen…
Exploring Demand and Provision in English Child Protection Services
This paper presents the results of an exploratory study linking the national data-sets for all children in need and child protection services in England. The study was informed by an emerging literature on systems thinking in public services, and aimed to examine variations and patterns of response in local authorities to demand for child welfare services in their area. One hundred and fifty-two local authority census returns and other statistica…
Exploring Demand and Provision in English Child Protection Services
This paper presents the results of an exploratory study linking the national data-sets for all children in need and child protection services in England. The study was informed by an emerging literature on systems thinking in public services, and aimed to examine variations and patterns of response in local authorities to demand for child welfare services in their area. One hundred and fifty-two local authority census returns and other statistica…
Complexity and Integrated Working in Children's Services
Complexity is a recurring theme for integrated working in children's services. Models of integration have often taken a functional approach, seeing expert systems as vehicles for an evidence-based response to multiple problems. However, such approaches also seem to be associated with an increasingly technocratic culture in children's services, which may be restricting professional expertise when it is needed the most. This paper explores professi…
Exploring drivers of demand for child protection services in an English local authority
This paper reports on an empirical study of child protection services in a local authority where rates of investigations and interventions rose to unprecedented levels during the course of a single year. The aim of the research was to explore explanations for this rise in demand among the providers of children's social care in the area. Using an interpretative qualitative design, a series of focus groups and interviews were carried out with pract…
An analysis of Ofsted inspection reports for children's social care services in England
The Office for Standards in Education, Children's Services and Skills (Ofsted) is responsible for inspecting services that care for children and young people in England and Wales. This paper presents findings from an independent study of Ofsted inspections into children's social care in England, covering reports under three inspection frameworks during the period 2009 to 2016. The research aimed to identify the main themes of recommendations made…
Beyond the Toxic Trio
Demand for children’s social care is often conflated with rates of intervention and associated with a limited constellation of parental risk factors. This article reports on a more comprehensive picture of demand obtained through a quantitative study of child welfare interventions in England. Longitudinal child-level data were combined from children’s social care services in six English local authorities over a four-year period (2015–2018). Laten…
How professionals talk about complex cases
This paper reports on a qualitative study of child protection in the UK . The research involved children's practitioners from a range of agencies, including social care, education, health and youth offending, who were asked about working together on complex child protection cases. The aim was to explore how participants talked about complexity in these cases, in order to deconstruct influential perspectives on interprofessional working. Interview…
Intervention Pathways following a Social Work Assessment
The majority of children referred to social care services in England go on to receive a statutory assessment by a social worker. Research has identified consistent categories of demand based on the needs identified in assessments. However, little is known about the relationship between children’s assessed needs and their subsequent intervention pathways. To explore this relationship, secondary analysis was undertaken of a national administrative …
Factors affecting the social gradient in children’s social care
The social gradient in children’s social care refers to the relationship between socio-economic status and the likelihood of a child welfare intervention. This article reports on a quantitative study of national administrative data, aiming to identify social gradients across all local authorities in England and to examine the factors affecting their relative strength. An anonymised extract of case-level information on all school-aged children inv…
Using outcome measures in child protection work
While many evidence‐based tools and measures exist to support child protection practice, in the United Kingdom, there is little evidence of their routine use in casework. This paper reports on a qualitative study exploring the use of such tools with children and families receiving statutory social care services. Fifteen social workers working in child safeguarding teams in two local authorities in Southeast England agreed to incorporate the use o…
Screen, Ration and Churn
This article presents findings from a quantitative study of the national data-sets for statutory children’s social care services in England. The aim of the study was to examine how demand management varied in local authorities with differing levels of area deprivation. About 152 local authorities census returns and other statistical indicators covering the period 2014–2017 were combined into a single data-set. Statistical analysis was undertaken …
Categorising Demand for Child Welfare Services Using Latent Class Analysis
In England, administrative data on children’s needs are recorded following a social work assessment. These data are typically used to understand prevalence of individual risk factors and to inform processes, such as the work of local safeguarding partners and multi-agency services. However, reporting individual factors at assessment cannot capture the complexity and heterogeneity of multiple and overlapping needs. This study aimed to identify com…
What to Measure in Child Protection
This paper explores key conceptual frameworks for measurement in child-protection (CP) services and considers their application in the English statutory system. After introducing some of the debates surrounding the use of measures in CP, three different perspectives are considered: performance-based accountability, evidence-based approaches and socio-technical systems design. The paper outlines the main principles of each perspective and their im…
Patterns of Demand and Provision in English Adult Social Care Services
This article reports on a quantitative study of the national datasets for adult social care in England. Building on recent analysis of trends in demand and expenditure, the aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between local authority (LA) characteristics, levels of demand for state-funded services and rates of short- and long-term provision. Publicly available data on short- and long-term activity and finances were collected for a…
The definition and deployment of differential core professional competencies and characteristics in multiprofessional health and social care teams
There has been an increasing focus on delivering health and social care services through multiprofessional and inter-agency teams. This study, undertaken in 2011, explores how different professionals within multiprofessional teams define their own and other professions' core professional competencies, characteristics and contributions. It then compares these definitions with how different professionals deploy their time and what tasks they undert…
Professor Sir Leon Radzinowicz, LL.D, Fba
Journal Article PROFESSOR SIR LEON RADZINOWICZ, LL.D, FBA: A Tribute to Mark His 90th Birthday Get access ROGER HOOD ROGER HOOD CBE, FBA, Professor of Criminology, Univenity of Oxford, Director of the Centre for Criminological Research, and Fellow of All Souls College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 37, Issue 1, Winter 1997, Page 1, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordj…
Exploring the impact of Ofsted inspections on performance in children’s social care
A Study of Practitioner–Service User Relationships in Social Work
`This paper reports on findings from a qualitative study of practitioner–service user relationships in social work. The research aimed to identify social workers’ personal constructs of their relationships with service users and explore how these constructs differed across roles and settings. A qualitative methodology employing a variation on role repertory grid techniques was used to carry out semi-structured interviews with social workers. Twen…
Three generations
Journal Article Three generations: oral testimonies on crime and social change in London's East End Get access R Hood, R Hood Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K Joyce K Joyce Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 39, Issue 1, January 1999, Pages 136–160, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/39.1.136 Published: 01 January 1999
A Bibliography on Southern Labor
Journal Article A Bibliography on Southern Labor Get access Robin Hood Robin Hood University of North Carolina Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, Volume 13, Issue 1, October 1934, Pages 133–137, https://doi.org/10.2307/2570228 Published: 01 October 1934
Services for Crippled Children under the Social Security Act
Services for Crippled Children under the Social Security Act R. C. Hood CopyRight*Read before the Maternal and Child Health Section of the American Public Health Association at the Sixty-eighth Annual Meeting in Pittsburgh, Pa., October 20, 1939. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.30.8.935 Published Online: August 29, 2011
Social Work in Prison
Journal Article SOCIAL WORK IN PRISON Get access ROGER HOOD ROGER HOOD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 15, Issue 3, July 1975, Pages 277–280, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a046646 Published: 01 July 1975
Health knowledge and beliefs as predictors of intended condom use among Zimbabwean adolescents in probation/remand homes
The association of AIDS knowledge, perceived susceptibility to HIV, efficacy of preventive measures, severity of HIV infection, cues to action, barriers to action and alcohol/drug use with intended condom use was examined among Zimbabwean adolescents (mean age = 16.9) in probation/remand homes. Eighty-six percent of males and 83% of females were reportedly sexually experienced of whom 28% of males and 14% of females reported consistent condom use…
Professor Sir Leon Radzinowicz, LL.D, Fba
Journal Article PROFESSOR SIR LEON RADZINOWICZ, LL.D, FBA: A Tribute to Mark His 90th Birthday Get access ROGER HOOD ROGER HOOD CBE, FBA, Professor of Criminology, Univenity of Oxford, Director of the Centre for Criminological Research, and Fellow of All Souls College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 37, Issue 1, Winter 1997, Page 1, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordj…
Three generations
Journal Article Three generations: oral testimonies on crime and social change in London's East End Get access R Hood, R Hood Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K Joyce K Joyce Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 39, Issue 1, January 1999, Pages 136–160, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/39.1.136 Published: 01 January 1999
The definition and deployment of differential core professional competencies and characteristics in multiprofessional health and social care teams
There has been an increasing focus on delivering health and social care services through multiprofessional and inter-agency teams. This study, undertaken in 2011, explores how different professionals within multiprofessional teams define their own and other professions' core professional competencies, characteristics and contributions. It then compares these definitions with how different professionals deploy their time and what tasks they undert…
How professionals talk about complex cases
This paper reports on a qualitative study of child protection in the UK . The research involved children's practitioners from a range of agencies, including social care, education, health and youth offending, who were asked about working together on complex child protection cases. The aim was to explore how participants talked about complexity in these cases, in order to deconstruct influential perspectives on interprofessional working. Interview…
Complexity and Integrated Working in Children's Services
Complexity is a recurring theme for integrated working in children's services. Models of integration have often taken a functional approach, seeing expert systems as vehicles for an evidence-based response to multiple problems. However, such approaches also seem to be associated with an increasingly technocratic culture in children's services, which may be restricting professional expertise when it is needed the most. This paper explores professi…
Exploring Demand and Provision in English Child Protection Services
This paper presents the results of an exploratory study linking the national data-sets for all children in need and child protection services in England. The study was informed by an emerging literature on systems thinking in public services, and aimed to examine variations and patterns of response in local authorities to demand for child welfare services in their area. One hundred and fifty-two local authority census returns and other statistica…
Complex systems, explanation and policy
Much public health research considers interventions that influence and are influenced by both individuals’ health and the society around them; this can be described as a complex system. We consider the role of explanation alongside statistical inference as crucial to obtaining credible and useful insights, particularly in light of concerns about a ‘crisis of replication’, and reflect on the difficulty in researching complex systems. In this paper…
Blinded by Science
Are we sleepwalking into a new era of state-sanctioned epi-eugenics? This ominous question hangs like a shadow over David Wastell and Sue White’s new book, whose technical-sounding title belies the fierce critique between the covers. Their target is not the brutal sterilisation and extermination programmes that Spencerian eugenics helped to unleash in the twentieth century. Instead, they are concerned with a contemporary and rather murky confluen…
An analysis of Ofsted inspection reports for children's social care services in England
The Office for Standards in Education, Children's Services and Skills (Ofsted) is responsible for inspecting services that care for children and young people in England and Wales. This paper presents findings from an independent study of Ofsted inspections into children's social care in England, covering reports under three inspection frameworks during the period 2009 to 2016. The research aimed to identify the main themes of recommendations made…
A Study of Practitioner–Service User Relationships in Social Work
`This paper reports on findings from a qualitative study of practitioner–service user relationships in social work. The research aimed to identify social workers’ personal constructs of their relationships with service users and explore how these constructs differed across roles and settings. A qualitative methodology employing a variation on role repertory grid techniques was used to carry out semi-structured interviews with social workers. Twen…
What to Measure in Child Protection
This paper explores key conceptual frameworks for measurement in child-protection (CP) services and considers their application in the English statutory system. After introducing some of the debates surrounding the use of measures in CP, three different perspectives are considered: performance-based accountability, evidence-based approaches and socio-technical systems design. The paper outlines the main principles of each perspective and their im…
Exploring drivers of demand for child protection services in an English local authority
This paper reports on an empirical study of child protection services in a local authority where rates of investigations and interventions rose to unprecedented levels during the course of a single year. The aim of the research was to explore explanations for this rise in demand among the providers of children's social care in the area. Using an interpretative qualitative design, a series of focus groups and interviews were carried out with pract…
Using outcome measures in child protection work
While many evidence‐based tools and measures exist to support child protection practice, in the United Kingdom, there is little evidence of their routine use in casework. This paper reports on a qualitative study exploring the use of such tools with children and families receiving statutory social care services. Fifteen social workers working in child safeguarding teams in two local authorities in Southeast England agreed to incorporate the use o…
Screen, Ration and Churn
This article presents findings from a quantitative study of the national data-sets for statutory children’s social care services in England. The aim of the study was to examine how demand management varied in local authorities with differing levels of area deprivation. About 152 local authorities census returns and other statistical indicators covering the period 2014–2017 were combined into a single data-set. Statistical analysis was undertaken …
Exploring the impact of Ofsted inspections on performance in children’s social care
Beyond the Toxic Trio
Demand for children’s social care is often conflated with rates of intervention and associated with a limited constellation of parental risk factors. This article reports on a more comprehensive picture of demand obtained through a quantitative study of child welfare interventions in England. Longitudinal child-level data were combined from children’s social care services in six English local authorities over a four-year period (2015–2018). Laten…
Patterns of Demand and Provision in English Adult Social Care Services
This article reports on a quantitative study of the national datasets for adult social care in England. Building on recent analysis of trends in demand and expenditure, the aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between local authority (LA) characteristics, levels of demand for state-funded services and rates of short- and long-term provision. Publicly available data on short- and long-term activity and finances were collected for a…
Reunification and Re-entry to Care
This article reports on a quantitative study of the national datasets for children in state care in England. The aim of the study was to investigate the likelihood of re-entry to care for children who returned home to their parents or main carers after an episode of care. An anonymised extract of case-level information on all children who received an episode of care between 2014 and 2020 (n = 51,238) was assembled from local authority (LA) admini…
Factors affecting the social gradient in children’s social care
The social gradient in children’s social care refers to the relationship between socio-economic status and the likelihood of a child welfare intervention. This article reports on a quantitative study of national administrative data, aiming to identify social gradients across all local authorities in England and to examine the factors affecting their relative strength. An anonymised extract of case-level information on all school-aged children inv…
Categorising Demand for Child Welfare Services Using Latent Class Analysis
In England, administrative data on children’s needs are recorded following a social work assessment. These data are typically used to understand prevalence of individual risk factors and to inform processes, such as the work of local safeguarding partners and multi-agency services. However, reporting individual factors at assessment cannot capture the complexity and heterogeneity of multiple and overlapping needs. This study aimed to identify com…
Knowledge brokering inside the policy making process
Knowledge brokering can play a key role in improving evidence use inside government departments, though this may vary between jurisdictions because different administrations may vary the roles and functions of groups of civil servants. Understanding how different roles could contribute to a brokering approach to evidence use would help fill a gap in researchers' understanding about the evidence-to-policy process and help government departments fo…
Political science (24 works) · Sociology (21 works) · Medicine (20 works) · Psychology (17 works) · Homelessness and Social Issues (13 works) · Child Abuse and Trauma (12 works) · Nursing (12 works) · Business (10 works) · Computer Science (10 works) · Economics (9 works)