Anna Matysiak
Biographic Data
| ID | 116891 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Anna Matysiak |
| GIVEN NAMES | Anna |
| FAMILY NAME | Matysiak |
| SIGNATURE | MATYSIAK A |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Warsaw |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8883-3925 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 39 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 484 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 39 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2007 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 11 |
The Occurrence and Spacing of Second Births: Country Differences and the Relationship with Institutional Factors
This study examines the relationship between institutional contexts and the transition to a second child in 11 European countries and the US between the 1990s and mid-2000s. Using harmonized longitudinal microdata and mixture cure models, we distinguish between the probability of having a second child (quantum) and the timing of its conception (tempo). We examine both between-country differences and within-country variation over time in labour ma…
The End of an Era: The Vanishing Negative Effect of Women's Employment on Fertility
This paper examines whether women's employment in the 21st century remains a barrier to family formation, as it was in the 1980s and 1990s, or—similar to men's—it has become a prerequisite for childbearing. We address this question through a systematic quantitative review (meta‐analysis) of empirical studies conducted in Europe, North America, and Australia. We selected 94 studies published between 1990 and 2023 ( N = 572 effect sizes). Our analy…
Beyond Usual Suspects: Revisiting Barriers to Childbearing Decisions in a Low Fertility Setting
Fertility rates in developed countries have declined to historically low levels, yet the reasons remain incompletely understood. This study examines the relative importance of diverse macro contextual constraints on childbearing intentions among young adults (aged 20–35) in Poland, a country emblematic of Europe's fertility decline. Using a factorial survey design ( N = 1,337), we compare how the availability of stable and gainful employment, opp…
Working-time flexibility among European couples
Structural labour market change, cognitive work, and entry to parenthood in Germany
Technological change and globalization have caused unprecedented transformations of labour markets, resulting in a growing division between workers who perform cognitive vs non-cognitive tasks. To date, only few studies have addressed the fertility effects of these long-term structural changes. This study fills that gap. We measure the cognitive task content of occupations using data from the Employment Survey of the German Federal Institute for …
Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Work from Home on Careers in the Post-Covid Context
This study investigates the role of two mechanisms - perceived workers' performance and commitment - in shaping the career opportunities of teleworkers and office-based workers in the post-pandemic context of the United Kingdom. We outline a theoretical framework that integrates economic and sociological literature on work from home (WFH) and careers, and accounts for workers' gender and parenthood obligations. We test it utilizing data from a di…
Structural Labour Market Change and Gender Inequality in Earnings
Research from the US argues that women will benefit from a structural labour market change as the importance of social tasks increases and that of manual tasks declines. This article contributes to this discussion in three ways: (a) by extending the standard framework of task content of occupations in order to account for the gender perspective; (b) by developing measures of occupational task content tailored to the European context; and (c) by t…
Mothers' Parenting Behaviours, Strain, Enjoyment and Subsequent Childbearing
Modern parenting is both emotionally costly and rewarding. It is also more intensive than before and requires significant time and effort, particularly from mothers. Emotional costs and benefits of children are important to fertility decisions, and they may be linked with a mother's parenting behaviours. Using a sample of 4402 partnered first-time mothers from the UK Household Longitudinal Study waves 1 to 9 (2009-2018), this study investigated t…
Two sides of a coin: The relationship between work autonomy and childbearing
ObjectiveThis article investigates the under-researched role of work autonomy, encompassing the control over how, when and where to work, for both the entry into parenthood and the transition to a second child across different social strata in the United Kingdom.BackgroundOver the past three decades, employees have gained increased work autonomy, a trend expected to persist with technological advancements. Work autonomy substantially affects the …
Family Life Courses, Uncertain Futures, and the Changing World of Work: State-of-the-Art and Prospects
Labour markets in post-industrial countries have been undergoing tremendous transformations in the last two decades, substantially changing the conditions in which young adults take family decisions and raise children. Whilst these changes create new opportunities, they also generate risks which potentially foster uncertain futures and affect individuals’ opportunities to earn income, provide care for family members, and make long-term commitment…
Is single parenthood increasingly an experience of less-educated mothers? A European comparison over five decades
BACKGROUND: A central question in family research is whether parents’ social disadvantages, such as being a single parent or having low education, are becoming more concentrated over time. OBJECTIVE: We contribute to this literature by examining long-term trends in the gap in single parenthood between more educated and less-educated mothers since the 1970s to around 2015, placing special emphasis on children’s age. METHODS: To this end, we rely o…
Home-based work and childbearing
We examine the timely yet greatly under-researched interplay between home-based work (HBW) and women's birth transitions. Past research has shown that HBW may facilitate and/or jeopardize work-family balance, depending on the worker's family and work circumstances. Following that research, we develop here a theoretical framework on how HBW can facilitate or hinder fertility. Using the UK Household Longitudinal Study 2009-19 and random-effects clo…
Industrial Robots and Regional Fertility in European Countries
In this study, we examine whether the long-term structural changes in the labour market, driven by automation, affect fertility. The adoption of industrial robots is used as a proxy for these changes. It has tripled since the mid-1990s in the EU, tremendously changing the conditions of participating in the labour market. On the one hand, new jobs are created, benefitting largely the highly skilled workers. On the other hand, the growing turnover …
Working from Home During Covid-19 Pandemic and Changes to Fertility Intentions Among Parents
The Covid-19 pandemic and related massive spread of home based work led to substantial changes in the conditions for combining work and childbearing. On the one hand, working from home helped parents to accommodate increased childcare needs during the pandemic. On the other hand, it led to acute experiences of blurred boundaries between work and family life during childcare and school closures. Therefore, the direction of the impact of working fr…
Maternal Free Time: A Missing Element in Fertility Studies
Studies on mothers' time allocation and fertility have predominantly accentuated the importance of paid work for fertility decisions and, in consequence, of policies that allow combining paid work and family life. In this view, work time is typically seen as the time taken away from the family and vice versa. This paradigm does not recognize that mothers may need time for rest and leisure, and that rest and leisure time should be separate from bo…
Family Size and Men’s Labor Market Outcomes: Do Social Beliefs About Men’s Roles in the Family Matter
This article provides evidence on the relationship between fathers’ labor market outcomes and number of children. Using data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions and instrumental variable models, this study examines how family size is related to fathers’ probability of employment, number of paid working hours, job rank, wages, and job stability across European countries with diverse social beliefs about men’s financi…
Life-Course Trajectories of Childless Women: Country-Specific or Universal
While existing research has documented complexities in biographies of childless women, few studies to date have systematically examined the life-course pathways of the childless from a comparative, cross-country perspective. In this paper, we analyse biographies of childless women in four countries—Germany, Italy, Poland, and the United States—in order to investigate whether pathways into childlessness are country-specific or commonly shared acro…
Gender and labour market outcomes
Historically, women have been less present in the labour force than men and those who worked were more often employed in female dominated and usually lower status and lower paid jobs. Over time, these gender differences have been narrowing, though they have not been eliminated. This is despite the fact that women are increasingly better educated than men. Childrearing responsibilities, which remain unequally distributed among partners, seem to be…
The Great Recession and Fertility in Europe: A Sub-national Analysis
This study investigates how the changes in labour market conditions and economic growth were associated with fertility before and during the Great Recession in Europe in 2002–2014. In contrast to previous studies, which largely concentrated at the country level, we use data for 251 European regions in 28 European Union (EU) member states prior to the withdrawal of the United Kingdom in January 2020. We apply three-level growth-curve model which a…
Employment Instability and Fertility in Europe: A Meta-Analysis
The relationship between employment instability and fertility is a major topic in demographic research, with a proliferation of published papers on this matter, especially since the Great Recession. Employment instability, which most often manifests in unemployment or time-limited employment, is usually deemed to have a negative effect on fertility, although different fertility reactions are hypothesized by sociological theories, and micro-level …
Educational Pairings and Fertility Across Europe: How Do the Low-Educated Fare
Recent research suggests that the fertility-education relationship may be mediated by the educational attainment of the partner, especially among the tertiary-educated. However, there are no studies focusing on the couple-education-fertility nexus among couples who achieved only basic educational attainment, even though resource pooling theory predicts differences in family formation by couples’ joint levels of socio-economic resources. We addres…
The motherhood wage penalty: A meta-analysis
Partners’ Educational Pairings and Fertility Across Europe
We provide new evidence on the education-fertility relationship by using EU-SILC panel data on 24 European countries to investigate how couples’ educational pairings predict their childbearing behavior. We focus on differences in first-, second-, and third-birth rates among couples with varying combinations of partners’ education. Our results show important differences in how education relates to parity progressions depending on the education of …
The positive impact of women's employment on divorce: Context, selection, or anticipation
Empirical findings regarding the impact of womenâ s employment on divorce are mixed. One explanation is that the effects are moderated by the country context. Another is that previous studies have failed to account for unobserved factors that introduce bias
Emerging Trends: Family Formation and Gender
Family formation is a well‐studied topic in demography and the social sciences. Yet, open questions to be addressed by future research remain. Focusing on the childbearing side of family formation, we discuss how a gendered lens, which led researchers to concentrate on women's experiences, has shaped previous studies. We argue that future research can be advanced by (i) going beyond this perspective and addressing men and their experiences pertai…
Fertility and Women’s Employment: A Meta-analysis
Employment Instability and Fertility in Europe: A Meta-Analysis
The relationship between employment instability and fertility is a major topic in demographic research, with a proliferation of published papers on this matter, especially since the Great Recession. Employment instability, which most often manifests in unemployment or time-limited employment, is usually deemed to have a negative effect on fertility, although different fertility reactions are hypothesized by sociological theories, and micro-level …
The educational gradient in marital disruption: A meta-analysis of European research findings
Poland: Fertility decline as a response to profound societal and labour market changes
This article opens with a review of the main trends in family-related behaviour, i.e. fertility decline and changes in fertility patterns, a decreasing propensity to marry, postponement of marriage, and a slowly increasing frequency of divorces and sep
The Great Recession and Fertility in Europe: A Sub-national Analysis
This study investigates how the changes in labour market conditions and economic growth were associated with fertility before and during the Great Recession in Europe in 2002–2014. In contrast to previous studies, which largely concentrated at the country level, we use data for 251 European regions in 28 European Union (EU) member states prior to the withdrawal of the United Kingdom in January 2020. We apply three-level growth-curve model which a…
Partners’ Educational Pairings and Fertility Across Europe
We provide new evidence on the education-fertility relationship by using EU-SILC panel data on 24 European countries to investigate how couples’ educational pairings predict their childbearing behavior. We focus on differences in first-, second-, and third-birth rates among couples with varying combinations of partners’ education. Our results show important differences in how education relates to parity progressions depending on the education of …
Diverse Effects of Women’s Employment on Fertility: Insights From Italy and Poland
In this paper, we look into how country-specific factors shape the interrelationship between childbearing and women's labor supply. To this end, we compare Italy and Poland, two low-fertility countries where the country-specific obstacles to work and family reconciliation are similarly strong but which differ in the history of women's labor supply and the extent to which couples' material aspirations are satisfied by men's earnings. Our findings …
The motherhood wage penalty: A meta-analysis
Country-Specific Conditions for Work and Family Reconciliation: An Attempt at Quantification
The country-specific conditions for work and family reconciliation (family policies, labour market structures and gender norms) are believed to influence tensions between paid employment and childbearing. So far there have been very few attempts to quantify these conditions into a single measure which would allow for comparisons across countries of the magnitude of the barriers that working parents encounter. Such a quantitative index could also …
Finding Their Way? Female Employment Patterns in West Germany, East Germany, and Poland
The aim of this article is to examine how (i) children and (ii) the existence and potential earnings of husbands affect women's employment patterns in West Germany, East Germany, and Poland. In particular, it assesses whether employment patterns in East Germany and Poland resemble those exhibited in West Germany after the collapse of the socialist regime. Given the considerable changes to labour market and family policies experienced by post-soci…
Employment first, then childbearing: Women's strategy in post-socialist Poland
Poland experienced a rapid fertility decline after the end of the socialist regime in 1989. At the same time, it became much more difficult, especially for women, to act on their determination to find and keep paid employment. To investigate whether women postponed childbearing until they found a job, we undertook a simultaneous estimation of transitions to childbirth and entry to and exit from employment. The results reveal a strong incompatibil…
Is Poland really 'immune' to the spread of cohabitation
Various data have constantly pointed out a low incidence of non-marital unions in Poland (at 1.4-4.9% among all unions). In this paper we demonstrate that these data, coming exclusively from cross-sectional surveys, clearly underestimate the scale of the phenomenon. By exploiting data on partnership histories we show that young Poles have increasingly opted for cohabitation. Consequently, in the years 2004-2006, entries to cohabitation constitute…
Effets des politiques de congé parental sur les deuxièmes naissances et l'emploi des femmes en Hongrie et en Pologne
Cet article analyse la façon dont les droits à un congé parental rémunéré et non rémunéré affectent l'entrée des femmes en emploi après la naissance du premier enfant et le passage à un deuxième enfant. Nous comparons la Hongrie et la Pologne, deux pays de basse fécondité qui partagent de nombreuses similitudes institutionnelles, culturelles et économiques mais qui diffèrent dans les modalités de congé parental. En Hongrie, les droits sont univer…
Levels of recent union formation: Six European countries compared
We offer a comparison between the age profiles of risks of formation of marital and non-marital unions in Russia, Romania, Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Italy. We show that there is considerable variability across these populations in the level and ag
The positive impact of women's employment on divorce: Context, selection, or anticipation
Empirical findings regarding the impact of womenâ s employment on divorce are mixed. One explanation is that the effects are moderated by the country context. Another is that previous studies have failed to account for unobserved factors that introduce bias
Work–Family Conflict Moderates the Relationship Between Childbearing and Subjective Well-Being
Industrial Robots and Regional Fertility in European Countries
In this study, we examine whether the long-term structural changes in the labour market, driven by automation, affect fertility. The adoption of industrial robots is used as a proxy for these changes. It has tripled since the mid-1990s in the EU, tremendously changing the conditions of participating in the labour market. On the one hand, new jobs are created, benefitting largely the highly skilled workers. On the other hand, the growing turnover …
Working from Home During Covid-19 Pandemic and Changes to Fertility Intentions Among Parents
The Covid-19 pandemic and related massive spread of home based work led to substantial changes in the conditions for combining work and childbearing. On the one hand, working from home helped parents to accommodate increased childcare needs during the pandemic. On the other hand, it led to acute experiences of blurred boundaries between work and family life during childcare and school closures. Therefore, the direction of the impact of working fr…
Family Size and Men’s Labor Market Outcomes: Do Social Beliefs About Men’s Roles in the Family Matter
This article provides evidence on the relationship between fathers’ labor market outcomes and number of children. Using data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions and instrumental variable models, this study examines how family size is related to fathers’ probability of employment, number of paid working hours, job rank, wages, and job stability across European countries with diverse social beliefs about men’s financi…
Free to stay, free to leave: Insights from Poland into the meaning of cohabitation
Previous studies have shown that in Poland cohabitation is most of all a transitory step or a testing period before marriage. Polish law does not recognize this living arrangement and it has been portrayed as uncommitted and short-lived. However, few studi
Family Life Courses, Uncertain Futures, and the Changing World of Work: State-of-the-Art and Prospects
Labour markets in post-industrial countries have been undergoing tremendous transformations in the last two decades, substantially changing the conditions in which young adults take family decisions and raise children. Whilst these changes create new opportunities, they also generate risks which potentially foster uncertain futures and affect individuals’ opportunities to earn income, provide care for family members, and make long-term commitment…
Structural Labour Market Change and Gender Inequality in Earnings
Research from the US argues that women will benefit from a structural labour market change as the importance of social tasks increases and that of manual tasks declines. This article contributes to this discussion in three ways: (a) by extending the standard framework of task content of occupations in order to account for the gender perspective; (b) by developing measures of occupational task content tailored to the European context; and (c) by t…
Home-based work and childbearing
We examine the timely yet greatly under-researched interplay between home-based work (HBW) and women's birth transitions. Past research has shown that HBW may facilitate and/or jeopardize work-family balance, depending on the worker's family and work circumstances. Following that research, we develop here a theoretical framework on how HBW can facilitate or hinder fertility. Using the UK Household Longitudinal Study 2009-19 and random-effects clo…
Maternal Free Time: A Missing Element in Fertility Studies
Studies on mothers' time allocation and fertility have predominantly accentuated the importance of paid work for fertility decisions and, in consequence, of policies that allow combining paid work and family life. In this view, work time is typically seen as the time taken away from the family and vice versa. This paradigm does not recognize that mothers may need time for rest and leisure, and that rest and leisure time should be separate from bo…
Educational Pairings and Fertility Across Europe: How Do the Low-Educated Fare
Recent research suggests that the fertility-education relationship may be mediated by the educational attainment of the partner, especially among the tertiary-educated. However, there are no studies focusing on the couple-education-fertility nexus among couples who achieved only basic educational attainment, even though resource pooling theory predicts differences in family formation by couples’ joint levels of socio-economic resources. We addres…
Stochastic forecast of the population of Poland, 2005-2050
Forecasting the population of Poland is very challenging. Firstly, the country has been undergoing rapid demographic changes. In the 1990s, they were influenced by the political, economic, and social consequences of the collapse of the communist regime
Poland: Fertility decline as a response to profound societal and labour market changes
This article opens with a review of the main trends in family-related behaviour, i.e. fertility decline and changes in fertility patterns, a decreasing propensity to marry, postponement of marriage, and a slowly increasing frequency of divorces and sep
Fertility and Women’s Employment: A Meta-analysis
Finding Their Way? Female Employment Patterns in West Germany, East Germany, and Poland
The aim of this article is to examine how (i) children and (ii) the existence and potential earnings of husbands affect women's employment patterns in West Germany, East Germany, and Poland. In particular, it assesses whether employment patterns in East Germany and Poland resemble those exhibited in West Germany after the collapse of the socialist regime. Given the considerable changes to labour market and family policies experienced by post-soci…
Employment first, then childbearing: Women's strategy in post-socialist Poland
Poland experienced a rapid fertility decline after the end of the socialist regime in 1989. At the same time, it became much more difficult, especially for women, to act on their determination to find and keep paid employment. To investigate whether women postponed childbearing until they found a job, we undertook a simultaneous estimation of transitions to childbirth and entry to and exit from employment. The results reveal a strong incompatibil…
Is Poland really 'immune' to the spread of cohabitation
Various data have constantly pointed out a low incidence of non-marital unions in Poland (at 1.4-4.9% among all unions). In this paper we demonstrate that these data, coming exclusively from cross-sectional surveys, clearly underestimate the scale of the phenomenon. By exploiting data on partnership histories we show that young Poles have increasingly opted for cohabitation. Consequently, in the years 2004-2006, entries to cohabitation constitute…
Levels of recent union formation: Six European countries compared
We offer a comparison between the age profiles of risks of formation of marital and non-marital unions in Russia, Romania, Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Italy. We show that there is considerable variability across these populations in the level and ag
Diverse Effects of Women’s Employment on Fertility: Insights From Italy and Poland
In this paper, we look into how country-specific factors shape the interrelationship between childbearing and women's labor supply. To this end, we compare Italy and Poland, two low-fertility countries where the country-specific obstacles to work and family reconciliation are similarly strong but which differ in the history of women's labor supply and the extent to which couples' material aspirations are satisfied by men's earnings. Our findings …
The educational gradient in marital disruption: A meta-analysis of European research findings
Free to stay, free to leave: Insights from Poland into the meaning of cohabitation
Previous studies have shown that in Poland cohabitation is most of all a transitory step or a testing period before marriage. Polish law does not recognize this living arrangement and it has been portrayed as uncommitted and short-lived. However, few studi
Effets des politiques de congé parental sur les deuxièmes naissances et l'emploi des femmes en Hongrie et en Pologne
Cet article analyse la façon dont les droits à un congé parental rémunéré et non rémunéré affectent l'entrée des femmes en emploi après la naissance du premier enfant et le passage à un deuxième enfant. Nous comparons la Hongrie et la Pologne, deux pays de basse fécondité qui partagent de nombreuses similitudes institutionnelles, culturelles et économiques mais qui diffèrent dans les modalités de congé parental. En Hongrie, les droits sont univer…
Emerging Trends: Family Formation and Gender
Family formation is a well‐studied topic in demography and the social sciences. Yet, open questions to be addressed by future research remain. Focusing on the childbearing side of family formation, we discuss how a gendered lens, which led researchers to concentrate on women's experiences, has shaped previous studies. We argue that future research can be advanced by (i) going beyond this perspective and addressing men and their experiences pertai…
The Causal Effects of the Number of Children on Female Employment - Do European Institutional and Gender Conditions Matter?
This paper contributes to the discussion on the effects of the number of children on female employment in Europe. Most previous research has either (1) compared these effects across countries, assuming an exogeneity of family size; or (2) used methods that dealt with endogeneity of family size, but that focused on single countries. We combine these two approaches by taking a cross-country comparative perspective and applying quasi-experimental me…
Work–Family Conflict Moderates the Relationship Between Childbearing and Subjective Well-Being
Country-Specific Conditions for Work and Family Reconciliation: An Attempt at Quantification
The country-specific conditions for work and family reconciliation (family policies, labour market structures and gender norms) are believed to influence tensions between paid employment and childbearing. So far there have been very few attempts to quantify these conditions into a single measure which would allow for comparisons across countries of the magnitude of the barriers that working parents encounter. Such a quantitative index could also …
Partners’ Educational Pairings and Fertility Across Europe
We provide new evidence on the education-fertility relationship by using EU-SILC panel data on 24 European countries to investigate how couples’ educational pairings predict their childbearing behavior. We focus on differences in first-, second-, and third-birth rates among couples with varying combinations of partners’ education. Our results show important differences in how education relates to parity progressions depending on the education of …
The positive impact of women's employment on divorce: Context, selection, or anticipation
Empirical findings regarding the impact of womenâ s employment on divorce are mixed. One explanation is that the effects are moderated by the country context. Another is that previous studies have failed to account for unobserved factors that introduce bias
The motherhood wage penalty: A meta-analysis
Gender and labour market outcomes
Historically, women have been less present in the labour force than men and those who worked were more often employed in female dominated and usually lower status and lower paid jobs. Over time, these gender differences have been narrowing, though they have not been eliminated. This is despite the fact that women are increasingly better educated than men. Childrearing responsibilities, which remain unequally distributed among partners, seem to be…
The Great Recession and Fertility in Europe: A Sub-national Analysis
This study investigates how the changes in labour market conditions and economic growth were associated with fertility before and during the Great Recession in Europe in 2002–2014. In contrast to previous studies, which largely concentrated at the country level, we use data for 251 European regions in 28 European Union (EU) member states prior to the withdrawal of the United Kingdom in January 2020. We apply three-level growth-curve model which a…
Employment Instability and Fertility in Europe: A Meta-Analysis
The relationship between employment instability and fertility is a major topic in demographic research, with a proliferation of published papers on this matter, especially since the Great Recession. Employment instability, which most often manifests in unemployment or time-limited employment, is usually deemed to have a negative effect on fertility, although different fertility reactions are hypothesized by sociological theories, and micro-level …
Educational Pairings and Fertility Across Europe: How Do the Low-Educated Fare
Recent research suggests that the fertility-education relationship may be mediated by the educational attainment of the partner, especially among the tertiary-educated. However, there are no studies focusing on the couple-education-fertility nexus among couples who achieved only basic educational attainment, even though resource pooling theory predicts differences in family formation by couples’ joint levels of socio-economic resources. We addres…
Family Size and Men’s Labor Market Outcomes: Do Social Beliefs About Men’s Roles in the Family Matter
This article provides evidence on the relationship between fathers’ labor market outcomes and number of children. Using data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions and instrumental variable models, this study examines how family size is related to fathers’ probability of employment, number of paid working hours, job rank, wages, and job stability across European countries with diverse social beliefs about men’s financi…
Life-Course Trajectories of Childless Women: Country-Specific or Universal
While existing research has documented complexities in biographies of childless women, few studies to date have systematically examined the life-course pathways of the childless from a comparative, cross-country perspective. In this paper, we analyse biographies of childless women in four countries—Germany, Italy, Poland, and the United States—in order to investigate whether pathways into childlessness are country-specific or commonly shared acro…
Industrial Robots and Regional Fertility in European Countries
In this study, we examine whether the long-term structural changes in the labour market, driven by automation, affect fertility. The adoption of industrial robots is used as a proxy for these changes. It has tripled since the mid-1990s in the EU, tremendously changing the conditions of participating in the labour market. On the one hand, new jobs are created, benefitting largely the highly skilled workers. On the other hand, the growing turnover …
Economics (24 works) · Family Dynamics and Relationships (23 works) · Sociology (19 works) · Demographic economics (18 works) · Political science (16 works) · Psychology (16 works) · Work-Family Balance Challenges (16 works) · Demography (14 works) · Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics (14 works) · Fertility (13 works)