Taro Yamauchi
Biographic Data
| ID | 117052 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Taro Yamauchi |
| GIVEN NAMES | Taro |
| FAMILY NAME | Yamauchi |
| SIGNATURE | YAMAUCHI T |
| AFFILIATIONS | Hokkaido University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7545-7983 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 28 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 28 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 28 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1998 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Period poverty
The 60th Jaas Annual Conference, Forum Report “Communication and Health involving Children”
Evaluation of a peer support intervention to improve the breakfast habits of Japanese college students
Objectives: This study investigated the impact of a peer support intervention on the breakfast habits of university students in Japan. Both breakfast frequency and breakfast composition were assessed. Design: The study adopted a combination of convergent and intervention designs and used a mixed-methods approach. Setting: College-based peer-support intervention taking place in Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. Method: Questionnaires on demographic charac…
Assessing Diet and Nutritional Intake of Rural Children in Zambia Using a Food Frequency Questionnaire
In this survey, to assess the energy and nutrient intake of rural children in Zambia, a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was developed using the direct weighing method for 126 children, and then a dietary survey with 153 children was conducted using the FFQ. The dietary survey revealed that rural children in Zambia are deficient in energy intake compared to international standards. However, the protein intake met the recommend…
The impact of oral contact and alloparenting on infant diarrhea in a hunter-gatherer society in Cameroon
Diarrhea is among the most common causes of death in children under five years of age. Infants are particularly at risk of ingesting pathogens directly or indirectly because of their frequent oral contact with a variety of objects. In hunter-gatherer societies, the widespread use of alloparenting, in which the infant is cared for by someone other than the biological parents, may play an important role in reducing the risk of infection from oral c…
Evaluation of the nutritional status of rural children living in Zambia
Background Growth references (growth charts) are used to assess the nutritional and growth status of children. In developed countries, there are growth charts based on the country's national surveys. However, many developing countries do not have their own growth references, so they usually use WHO and US CDC references. In such cases, it is known that the growth statuses of the subject are underestimated or overestimated. This study sought to ac…
Human Biology of Japan
This special issue of the Annals of Human Biology features articles under the general title of ‘The Human Biology of Japan’. Japan is the world's 4th largest island country made up of more than 6,8
Effect of a lower limb strength training programme on physical activity during the snowy season among community-dwelling elderly individuals
Background: Promoting continued physical activity during winter in snowy-cold regions would be of benefit as a health promotion strategy among elderly individuals. Aim: To evaluate the effect of a lower limb strength training programme for elderly individuals on the daily step counts during the snowy season. Subjects and methods: Fourteen community-dwelling elderly individuals were recruited from a snowy-cold region of northern Japan. Methods: Da…
Correlation between habitual dietary fibre intake and postprandial plasma glucose levels in early adulthood
Background: Increasing dietary fibre (DF) intake through a habitual diet is recommended for preventing diabetes. Aim: To investigate a stepwise approach to nutrition education on DF intake among young adults in Japan with the largest deficit in habitual DF intake from the recommended value. Subjects and methods: Plasma glucose levels were measured in 54 adults in their 20s and 30s (29 men, 25 women) during fasting and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 minut…
Association study of CREBRF missense variant (rs373863828
The rs373863828-A allele may not directly affect the level of serum HDL-cholesterol independent of BMI. To confirm the present findings, association studies with large sample sizes and functional analyses are required
Development of a screening tool to predict malnutrition among children under two years old in Zambia
BACKGROUND: Maternal and child undernutrition is an important issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Children at high risk of malnutrition should be prioritized to receive necessary interventions to minimize such risk. Several risk factors have been proposed; however, until now, there has been no appropriate evaluation method to identify these children. In sub-Saharan Africa, children commonly receive regular check-ups from comm…
Body Growth and Life History of Modern Humans and Neanderthals from the Perspective of Human Evolution
Human life history is comprised of five stages of development: infancy, early and middle childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Each stage is associated with particular rates of physical growth (e.g., height [cm/year]), characteristics of dentition, changes related to methods of feeding, physical and mental competencies, and maturation of the reproductive system and sexual behavior. An extended period from juvenility through adolescence that sepa…
DRD4 VNTR polymorphism in Oceanic populations
To study the origin of Polynesians and the gene flow from Polynesian ancestors to indigenous Melanesians, a 48-bp variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in exon 3 of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene was investigated for six Austronesian (AN)-speaking populations—two in Tonga (Nuku’alofa and Ha’apai), three in Solomon Islands (Munda, Paradise, and Rawaki, of whom Rawaki was a Micronesian migrant group), and one in Papua New Guinea (Balopa), …
Adolescent growth spurt and growth pattern factors related to the short stature of Pygmy hunter-gatherers of Southeast Cameroon
The presence of a weak adolescent growth spurt is suggested in the growth pattern of Pygmy hunter-gatherers. Moreover, their short adult stature is possibly related to growth rate before onset of puberty
Addressing the wild yam question
We designed observational surveys of controlled foraging trips of Baka hunter-gatherers in Cameroon to verify the 'wild yam question'—i.e. is it possible for human beings to live without agricultural products in a tropical rainforest?—and to examine their foraging lifestyle. We observed two 20-day trips during which no agricultural or commercial food except salt and pepper could be used. The first trip was conducted by six married couples in Augu…
The serum leptin level and body mass index in Melanesian and Micronesian Solomon Islanders
Objectives: This study examined the association between the serum leptin level and body mass index (BMI) and the effects of urbanization and polymorphisms of leptin ( LEP ) or leptin receptor ( LEPR ) genes on the leptin level in three Solomon Islands populations. Methods: A Melanesian population living in a remote area (participants: 106 males and 106 females, ages: 18–74 years), a Melanesian population in an urban area (89 and 94, 18–79 years),…
Age and Gender Differences in the Physical Activity Patterns of Urban Schoolchildren in Korea and China
Physical activity in childhood is important as it may establish adult behavior. However, few studies on physical activity in children have been conducted, especially in Asian children. We performed anthropometric measurements of 159 school children in two grades (grade 5: 10-11 years old and grade 8: 13-14 years old) from urban areas of Korea (n=79) and China (n=80). The total daily energy expenditure (TEE) was estimated for 7 consecutive days us…
A ^|^ldquo;Pure^|^rdquo; Foraging Lifestyle in a Tropical Rainforest of Southeastern Cameroon
We designed an observational survey of the “pure” foraging lifestyle of the Baka hunter-gatherers in Cameroon to verify the “Wild Yam Question”: is it possible for human beings to live without agricultural products in a tropical rainforest? The nutritional status, the type and amount of food procured and food-getting activity over 20 consecutive days in the forest camp were observed for six married couples in August, the short dry season, 2003. T…
Growth rates and life histories in twenty‐two small‐scale societies
This study investigates variation in body growth (cross‐sectional height and weight velocity) among a sample of 22 small‐scale societies. Considerable variation in growth exists among hunter‐gatherers that overlaps heavily with growth trajectories present in groups focusing more on horticulture. Intergroup variation tends to track environmental conditions, with societies under more favorable conditions displaying faster growth and earlier puberty…
Overweight in Urban Schoolchildren Assessed by Body Mass Index and Body Fat Mass in Dalian, China
In order to assess overweight in urban schoolchildren (298 boys and 298 girls) aged 9-16 years in Dalian, China, their body height, weight, skinfolds at triceps, biceps, subscapular and suprailiac, and body circumferences of mid-upper arm, waist and hip were measured. The results showed that the prevalence of overweight, based on the United States Centers for Disease Control 2000 reference values using body mass index (BMI), was 22.9% in boys and…
No difference in serum leptin concentrations between urban-dwelling Austronesians and Non-Austronesians in Papua New Guinea
Pacific Islands populations can be broadly divided into Austronesians (AN) and Non-Austronesians (NAN); obesity and type 2 diabetes are prevalent in the former, although leptin levels in both groups have seldom been investigated. Thirty-seven (20 male and 17 female) adult pairs, matched by age and percent body fat, from AN-speaking Balopa and NAN-speaking Huli, all of whom migrated to settle in Port Moresby, the capital of Papua New Guinea, were …
Anthropometry of 5–19-year-old Tongan children with special interest in the high prevalence of obesity among adolescent girls
Among Tongan adolescents, obesity prevalence in girls was much higher than in boys, in association with fat accumulation in the former
Body composition and resting metabolic rate of Japanese college Sumo wrestlers and non-athlete students
The body mass index [BMI = body weight/height2 (kg/m2)] is widely used as an indicator of obesity. However, BMI is not the best way to assess obesity, because obesity is an excess of body fat, not body weight. The difference between obesity assessments based on BMI and those based on the percentage of body fat (%Fat) causes problems in evaluating extraordinarily large people, such as Sumo wrestlers, who have both a large fat mass and a large musc…
Time Allocation to Subsistence Activities Among the Huli in Rural and Urban Papua New Guinea
Time spent on subsistence activities was compared between rural sedentes and urban migrants of the Huli population in Papua New Guinea. Person-day observation data were collected for rural sedentes (441) in the Tari basin and for urban migrants in Port Moresby (175). The time spent on subsistence activities by males was longer in the urban area than in rural areas, while that by females was similar in both areas. Conspicuous gender inequality wit…
Physical activity and subsistence pattern of the Huli, a Papua New Guinea Highland population
Several studies on human energetics have been conducted in developed and developing countries, but very few simultaneously measured time use and energy expenditure. Only a few quantitatively compared subsistence patterns between rural and urban dwellers of an identical population. Here we present the daily physical activity level (PAL), physical exertion, time, and energy expenditure in contrasting subsistence/occupational activities of Papua New…
Addressing the wild yam question
We designed observational surveys of controlled foraging trips of Baka hunter-gatherers in Cameroon to verify the 'wild yam question'—i.e. is it possible for human beings to live without agricultural products in a tropical rainforest?—and to examine their foraging lifestyle. We observed two 20-day trips during which no agricultural or commercial food except salt and pepper could be used. The first trip was conducted by six married couples in Augu…
Impact of Population Pressure on Food Production
Overweight in Urban Schoolchildren Assessed by Body Mass Index and Body Fat Mass in Dalian, China
In order to assess overweight in urban schoolchildren (298 boys and 298 girls) aged 9-16 years in Dalian, China, their body height, weight, skinfolds at triceps, biceps, subscapular and suprailiac, and body circumferences of mid-upper arm, waist and hip were measured. The results showed that the prevalence of overweight, based on the United States Centers for Disease Control 2000 reference values using body mass index (BMI), was 22.9% in boys and…
Body composition and resting metabolic rate of Japanese college Sumo wrestlers and non-athlete students
The body mass index [BMI = body weight/height2 (kg/m2)] is widely used as an indicator of obesity. However, BMI is not the best way to assess obesity, because obesity is an excess of body fat, not body weight. The difference between obesity assessments based on BMI and those based on the percentage of body fat (%Fat) causes problems in evaluating extraordinarily large people, such as Sumo wrestlers, who have both a large fat mass and a large musc…
Diet among the Huli in Papua New Guinea highlands when they were influenced by the extended rainy period
Household food consumption surveys (weighed records for 7 days) were conducted in two Huli‐speaking communities, Heli in the slope zone and Wenani in the flat plain, in Papua New Guinea Highlands when their food productivity had decreased after an extended rainy period in 1994. Despite lowered productivity of garden crops in both communities, daily adult male energy and protein intakes in Wenani (12930 kJ, 3090 kcal and 56 g, respectively) exceed…
Cardiovascular risk factors of migrants in Port Moresby from the highlands and island villages, Papua New Guinea
This study examined cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, i.e., obesity, blood pressures, and serum lipoproteins and apoproteins, in relation to sociocultural characteristics in two rural-urban migrant populations (n = 173 adult males and females) in Port Moresby, the capital of Papua New Guinea. Tari migrants from the highlands and Balopa migrants from the islands differ genetically. More importantly, the lifestyle of the latter is more Wes…
Impact of Population Pressure on Food Production
Physical activity and subsistence pattern of the Huli, a Papua New Guinea Highland population
Several studies on human energetics have been conducted in developed and developing countries, but very few simultaneously measured time use and energy expenditure. Only a few quantitatively compared subsistence patterns between rural and urban dwellers of an identical population. Here we present the daily physical activity level (PAL), physical exertion, time, and energy expenditure in contrasting subsistence/occupational activities of Papua New…
Time Allocation to Subsistence Activities Among the Huli in Rural and Urban Papua New Guinea
Time spent on subsistence activities was compared between rural sedentes and urban migrants of the Huli population in Papua New Guinea. Person-day observation data were collected for rural sedentes (441) in the Tari basin and for urban migrants in Port Moresby (175). The time spent on subsistence activities by males was longer in the urban area than in rural areas, while that by females was similar in both areas. Conspicuous gender inequality wit…
Body composition and resting metabolic rate of Japanese college Sumo wrestlers and non-athlete students
The body mass index [BMI = body weight/height2 (kg/m2)] is widely used as an indicator of obesity. However, BMI is not the best way to assess obesity, because obesity is an excess of body fat, not body weight. The difference between obesity assessments based on BMI and those based on the percentage of body fat (%Fat) causes problems in evaluating extraordinarily large people, such as Sumo wrestlers, who have both a large fat mass and a large musc…
No difference in serum leptin concentrations between urban-dwelling Austronesians and Non-Austronesians in Papua New Guinea
Pacific Islands populations can be broadly divided into Austronesians (AN) and Non-Austronesians (NAN); obesity and type 2 diabetes are prevalent in the former, although leptin levels in both groups have seldom been investigated. Thirty-seven (20 male and 17 female) adult pairs, matched by age and percent body fat, from AN-speaking Balopa and NAN-speaking Huli, all of whom migrated to settle in Port Moresby, the capital of Papua New Guinea, were …
Anthropometry of 5–19-year-old Tongan children with special interest in the high prevalence of obesity among adolescent girls
Among Tongan adolescents, obesity prevalence in girls was much higher than in boys, in association with fat accumulation in the former
A ^|^ldquo;Pure^|^rdquo; Foraging Lifestyle in a Tropical Rainforest of Southeastern Cameroon
We designed an observational survey of the “pure” foraging lifestyle of the Baka hunter-gatherers in Cameroon to verify the “Wild Yam Question”: is it possible for human beings to live without agricultural products in a tropical rainforest? The nutritional status, the type and amount of food procured and food-getting activity over 20 consecutive days in the forest camp were observed for six married couples in August, the short dry season, 2003. T…
Growth rates and life histories in twenty‐two small‐scale societies
This study investigates variation in body growth (cross‐sectional height and weight velocity) among a sample of 22 small‐scale societies. Considerable variation in growth exists among hunter‐gatherers that overlaps heavily with growth trajectories present in groups focusing more on horticulture. Intergroup variation tends to track environmental conditions, with societies under more favorable conditions displaying faster growth and earlier puberty…
Overweight in Urban Schoolchildren Assessed by Body Mass Index and Body Fat Mass in Dalian, China
In order to assess overweight in urban schoolchildren (298 boys and 298 girls) aged 9-16 years in Dalian, China, their body height, weight, skinfolds at triceps, biceps, subscapular and suprailiac, and body circumferences of mid-upper arm, waist and hip were measured. The results showed that the prevalence of overweight, based on the United States Centers for Disease Control 2000 reference values using body mass index (BMI), was 22.9% in boys and…
Age and Gender Differences in the Physical Activity Patterns of Urban Schoolchildren in Korea and China
Physical activity in childhood is important as it may establish adult behavior. However, few studies on physical activity in children have been conducted, especially in Asian children. We performed anthropometric measurements of 159 school children in two grades (grade 5: 10-11 years old and grade 8: 13-14 years old) from urban areas of Korea (n=79) and China (n=80). The total daily energy expenditure (TEE) was estimated for 7 consecutive days us…
The serum leptin level and body mass index in Melanesian and Micronesian Solomon Islanders
Objectives: This study examined the association between the serum leptin level and body mass index (BMI) and the effects of urbanization and polymorphisms of leptin ( LEP ) or leptin receptor ( LEPR ) genes on the leptin level in three Solomon Islands populations. Methods: A Melanesian population living in a remote area (participants: 106 males and 106 females, ages: 18–74 years), a Melanesian population in an urban area (89 and 94, 18–79 years),…
DRD4 VNTR polymorphism in Oceanic populations
To study the origin of Polynesians and the gene flow from Polynesian ancestors to indigenous Melanesians, a 48-bp variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in exon 3 of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene was investigated for six Austronesian (AN)-speaking populations—two in Tonga (Nuku’alofa and Ha’apai), three in Solomon Islands (Munda, Paradise, and Rawaki, of whom Rawaki was a Micronesian migrant group), and one in Papua New Guinea (Balopa), …
Adolescent growth spurt and growth pattern factors related to the short stature of Pygmy hunter-gatherers of Southeast Cameroon
The presence of a weak adolescent growth spurt is suggested in the growth pattern of Pygmy hunter-gatherers. Moreover, their short adult stature is possibly related to growth rate before onset of puberty
Addressing the wild yam question
We designed observational surveys of controlled foraging trips of Baka hunter-gatherers in Cameroon to verify the 'wild yam question'—i.e. is it possible for human beings to live without agricultural products in a tropical rainforest?—and to examine their foraging lifestyle. We observed two 20-day trips during which no agricultural or commercial food except salt and pepper could be used. The first trip was conducted by six married couples in Augu…
Body Growth and Life History of Modern Humans and Neanderthals from the Perspective of Human Evolution
Human life history is comprised of five stages of development: infancy, early and middle childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Each stage is associated with particular rates of physical growth (e.g., height [cm/year]), characteristics of dentition, changes related to methods of feeding, physical and mental competencies, and maturation of the reproductive system and sexual behavior. An extended period from juvenility through adolescence that sepa…
Development of a screening tool to predict malnutrition among children under two years old in Zambia
BACKGROUND: Maternal and child undernutrition is an important issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Children at high risk of malnutrition should be prioritized to receive necessary interventions to minimize such risk. Several risk factors have been proposed; however, until now, there has been no appropriate evaluation method to identify these children. In sub-Saharan Africa, children commonly receive regular check-ups from comm…
Association study of CREBRF missense variant (rs373863828
The rs373863828-A allele may not directly affect the level of serum HDL-cholesterol independent of BMI. To confirm the present findings, association studies with large sample sizes and functional analyses are required
Human Biology of Japan
This special issue of the Annals of Human Biology features articles under the general title of ‘The Human Biology of Japan’. Japan is the world's 4th largest island country made up of more than 6,8
Effect of a lower limb strength training programme on physical activity during the snowy season among community-dwelling elderly individuals
Background: Promoting continued physical activity during winter in snowy-cold regions would be of benefit as a health promotion strategy among elderly individuals. Aim: To evaluate the effect of a lower limb strength training programme for elderly individuals on the daily step counts during the snowy season. Subjects and methods: Fourteen community-dwelling elderly individuals were recruited from a snowy-cold region of northern Japan. Methods: Da…
Correlation between habitual dietary fibre intake and postprandial plasma glucose levels in early adulthood
Background: Increasing dietary fibre (DF) intake through a habitual diet is recommended for preventing diabetes. Aim: To investigate a stepwise approach to nutrition education on DF intake among young adults in Japan with the largest deficit in habitual DF intake from the recommended value. Subjects and methods: Plasma glucose levels were measured in 54 adults in their 20s and 30s (29 men, 25 women) during fasting and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 minut…
Evaluation of the nutritional status of rural children living in Zambia
Background Growth references (growth charts) are used to assess the nutritional and growth status of children. In developed countries, there are growth charts based on the country's national surveys. However, many developing countries do not have their own growth references, so they usually use WHO and US CDC references. In such cases, it is known that the growth statuses of the subject are underestimated or overestimated. This study sought to ac…
Evaluation of a peer support intervention to improve the breakfast habits of Japanese college students
Objectives: This study investigated the impact of a peer support intervention on the breakfast habits of university students in Japan. Both breakfast frequency and breakfast composition were assessed. Design: The study adopted a combination of convergent and intervention designs and used a mixed-methods approach. Setting: College-based peer-support intervention taking place in Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. Method: Questionnaires on demographic charac…
Assessing Diet and Nutritional Intake of Rural Children in Zambia Using a Food Frequency Questionnaire
In this survey, to assess the energy and nutrient intake of rural children in Zambia, a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was developed using the direct weighing method for 126 children, and then a dietary survey with 153 children was conducted using the FFQ. The dietary survey revealed that rural children in Zambia are deficient in energy intake compared to international standards. However, the protein intake met the recommend…
Medicine (18 works) · Demography (15 works) · Geography (14 works) · Biology (12 works) · Sociology (11 works) · Endocrinology (8 works) · Internal Medicine (8 works) · Population (8 works) · Demography (7 works) · Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet (7 works)