Oleg Urminsky
Biographic Data
| ID | 119120 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Oleg Urminsky |
| GIVEN NAMES | Oleg |
| FAMILY NAME | Urminsky |
| SIGNATURE | URMINSKY O |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Chicago |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4390-386X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 42 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 65 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 11 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 31 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2006 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
The Benefits of Bundling Material Goods with Moderate Usage Complementarity
Firms can bundle material goods together in various ways, including based on their usage complementarity (i.e., the likelihood that the goods are used together). While prior research has investigated the consequences of bundling products that are high (vs. low) in usage complementarity, the current research uncovers the benefits of bundling products that are moderate in usage complementarity (e.g., a coffee mug and a folding chair). Thirteen pre-…
The Desire for Perfect Products
Some consumers evaluate products against demanding, ever-rising ideals of perfection. We introduce the desire for perfect products (DPP), a novel consumer trait capturing the extent to which consumers desire flawless products. Drawing on four qualitative studies, we identify three characteristics that distinguish high (vs. low) DPP consumers: (1) richer and more demanding ideal points, (2) greater susceptibility to upwardly revising those ideals …
A Mega-Replication of the Effect of Cash Versus Card Payment on Pain of Paying: Magnitude, Behavioral Outcomes, and Moderators
We revisit the widely accepted finding that paying with cash is more painful than paying with card by conducting the first systematic mega-replication (including 13 large-scale preregistered replications; a total of 32,371 participants, 65 products, and 57 price points ranging from $1.09 to $400). The aggregate evidence reveals four insights: (1) leveraging a broad set of established paradigms, we replicate the finding that paying with cash is mo…
The Final Countdown: Temporal Frames of Environmental Threats
Scientists, NGOs, companies, and the press typically communicate temporal predictions about environmental threats in terms of the calendar date by which the threat is expected to occur (e.g., “Water shortage in the UK by 2040”). However, across eight online studies and a field experiment, we find that referring instead to the amount of time left until the threat (e.g., “Water shortage in the UK within 20 years”) makes the threat feel temporally c…
Inferences About Others’ Consumption Motives Influence What Consumers Expect from Similar Experiences
When consumers see someone else’s experience shared on social media, they often infer whether the sharer had relatively intrinsic or extrinsic motives for originally engaging in this experience. While prior research has documented how these inferred motives affect viewers’ social evaluations of the sharer, the present research demonstrates these inferences can shift viewer beliefs about the experience itself. The findings from six studies show th…
Brief Commentary: Theory Testing for Differences in Process—Hypothesizing, Testing, and Reporting Comparisons Between Indirect Effects
Consumer researchers often compare a proposed process across contexts (i.e., moderated mediation) or across mediators (e.g., ruling out an alternative process in parallel mediation). This article aims to help researchers in mapping process-related theoretical hypotheses onto statistical coefficients and in reporting their results. Researchers can formulate a variety of hypotheses about the conditional indirect effect (CIE) of a predictor X on an …
Skimpflation Penalty: Decreases in Product Quality Trigger Stronger Consumer Reactions than Decreases in Size or Increases in Price
Rising costs have led to the emergence of skimpflation—reducing the quality of a product or service without changing its price. Although this practice is becoming increasingly common, little is known about how consumers perceive it relative to other cost-management strategies. Across multiple preregistered experiments, I find that consumers judge decreases in product quality as significantly more unfair than decreases in product size or increases…
Invisible Rankings: When Do Consumers Assume Best-to-Worst Ordinality When Choosing from an Unnumbered List?
Consumers frequently use lists that were created by marketers, experts, or media platforms, such as a list of favorite restaurants. The authors refer to such lists as curated lists because they include items that appear to be endorsed or recommended by the list maker. Although these lists are typically ranked and numbered, marketers sometimes create lists that are not numbered, making it unclear whether the items have been ranked. Twelve studies …
Repair Service Signals: How Brand Repair Services Signal Unused Utility and Increase Product Repair
Over the past several decades, there has been a shift toward disposable consumption resulting in a ‘throwaway society’, which includes replacing rather than repairing broken durable goods. Third-party repair services exist even as consumers choose to replace over repair, but more brands are offering repair services directly or supporting repair services through certifications. If consumers simply prefer newer products, brand repair services shoul…
A Framework for Understanding Consumer Response to the Depiction of Historically Underrepresented Identities in Marketing Communications
In recent years, firms’ depictions of some historically underrepresented identities (HUIs) in marketing communications have elicited backlash, while depictions of other HUIs have been more broadly accepted. The present work develops a framework to explain when and why these divergent responses occur. We propose that, while liberals respond positively to the depiction of all HUIs due to their prioritization of the Fairness moral foundation, conser…
Limiting Accessibility: How Targeting Consumers with Disabilities Constrains Acceptable Prices for Innovations
People with disabilities constitute 15% of the world’s population with a total disposable income of more than $2.6 trillion. However, few companies offer products tailored to the needs of this segment, making it important to understand how mass-market consumers react to innovations that target people with disabilities. Nine studies and six supplementary studies (twelve preregistered) reveal that innovations targeting consumers with disabilities a…
The Effect of Online Cart Composition on Cart Abandonment
Online shopping cart abandonment is widespread, causing major losses in potential revenues for e-commerce companies. We expand efforts to mitigate cart abandonment by investigating how the cart’s product composition affects abandonment and testing easy-to-implement interventions. We hypothesize that consumers are more likely to abandon carts containing a higher proportion of hedonic relative to utilitarian products. This cart composition effect a…
Starting Positive: The Impact of Self-Presentation Concerns on Consumer Reviews
This research investigates how reviewers’ self-presentation strategies influence their posting behavior. We find reviewers are less likely to post negative reviews early in their review history due to concerns that doing so would make them appear as lacking warmth. This concern diminishes as the number of reviews associated with their profile increases, resulting in a discernable negative trend in ratings at the reviewer level. We document this t…
Sustainability Cues Can Delay Consumption
With the rise of environmental concerns in recent decades, many companies have joined the initiative to advertise and promote sustainable consumption. The current research examines how providing sustainability cues to consumers might have unintended consequences of which practitioners and policymakers may not be fully aware. One pilot study and 10 main studies, including two real-choice studies, show that a sustainability cue may delay consumptio…
The “Confidence” Trap: When the Likelihood Is Low, Forecasters Look Less Competent When They Refer to Their Confidence in an Outcome Rather Than Its Probability
Marketers make various forecasts, including those about new products, financial instruments, sporting events, and medical procedures, to influence consumer decisions. In communicating the likelihood that a forecaster assigns to an outcome, the forecaster can refer to their confidence in the outcome (e.g., “I’m 30% confident”) or the probability of the outcome (e.g., “There is a 30% probability”). The authors propose that the choice of language (e…
Promotion Architecture: A Deal Fairness Model of Restricted Price Promotions
This research examines the effectiveness of two common types of restricted price promotions: threshold promotions (conditional on spending more than a threshold amount; e.g., “Get $5 off on orders of $10 or more”) and capped promotions (limited to a maximum dollar value; e.g., “Get 50% off, up to $5 per order”). Results from seven preregistered studies, including one field study, show that threshold promotions lead to higher purchase intentions a…
The (Better) Road Not Taken: Setting a Goal Reduces Switching to More Effective Alternatives
We identify a novel way in which setting goals can backfire. In 13 studies and 4 supplemental studies, using both incentive-compatible and hypothetical designs across a range of domains, we demonstrate that setting an explicit goal and making progress toward it decreases the likelihood of switching to alternative means of pursuit. This occurs because means seem more effective relative to alternatives if they have been used to progress toward a re…
Let Me Show You What Your Tips Can Do! Materially Referenced Tip Recommendations Prompt Tipping
Given the emergence of new technologies (e.g., online payment systems) and new service contexts (e.g., app-based services), the use of tip recommendations is becoming increasingly prevalent. Based on one large secondary dataset analysis (176,237 food delivery orders) and nine experiments, this research identifies an effective and easily implementable tip recommendation design—materially referenced tip recommendations (i.e., referencing a product …
Extremeness Aversion and Choice Set Composition: Exposure to Multiple Extreme Options Reduces Extremeness Aversion
Extremeness aversion—the tendency for consumers to prefer middling options in a choice set—is an incredibly robust and well-studied phenomenon. However, it has primarily been studied in the context of two- or three-option choice sets. In six studies (Ntotal = 9,377), we suggest that consumers’ aversion to extreme options depends on the frequency of similar options in the choice set. In particular, we find that consumers are relatively more likely…
Brief Commentary: Is “4 for $16” Better than “4 for $15.30”? Testing the Replicability of the Price Divisibility Effect
Although higher prices generally lead to lower demand, research on the price divisibility effect suggests that consumers are sometimes willing to pay more for a multipack if its price is divisible by the number of units it contains. For instance, a seven-pack of shoelaces might be more appealing at the divisible price of $14 than at the lower, but non-divisible, price of $13. The original Journal of Consumer Research (JCR) article documenting thi…
The Confirmation Nudge: Prompts to Change or Confirm Initial Preferences Steer Consumer Choice
Across two field experiments and several preregistered lab experiments, we demonstrate that confirmation nudges, which ask consumers whether they would like to confirm or change their initial choice, impact choice. First, consumers navigating a subscription company’s smartphone app were randomized to a control or confirmation nudge condition, which asked them to either confirm their initial choice or switch to an annual subscription. Confirmation…
Reparative Consumption: The Role of Racial Identity and White Guilt in Consumer Preferences
In light of recent social and political movements advocating for racial equity and calls for more research on interracial marketplace interactions, this research explores the role racial identity plays in the consumption domain. Specifically, we investigate the marketplace consequences of U.S.-based White consumers’ feelings about their own racial identity by measuring and manipulating white guilt, defined as the sense of guilt and remorse experi…
Brief Commentary: A Reexamination of the Effect of Forced Choice on Choice
When conducting studies in which the dependent variable is choice, researchers must decide whether to require participants to select one of the available alternatives or to provide a no-choice option. Prior research published in the Journal of Marketing Research proposed that no-choice options can disproportionately reduce the share of certain alternatives, particularly all-average or compromise options. In this commentary, I reexamine these prop…
Why Horizontal Organizations Don’t Fall Flat: Organizational Structure Shapes Perceptions of Egalitarianism and Company Warmth
In recent years, a growing number of companies have evolved toward relatively “flat” management structures with minimal hierarchical layers of management. Some even leverage this flatness as a key marketing message and defining element of corporate identity. Although organizational structure has been studied extensively throughout various disciplines, its influence on consumer response has received little attention. This research reveals that a c…
The Asymmetry of Gender-Fluid Trends
Marketers and consumers are rapidly embracing gender-fluid products that fundamentally challenge the conventional associations of masculinity and femininity. In theory, manifestations of gender fluidity in the marketplace respond to shifting gender norms toward more inclusivity. Accordingly, consumers believe that the representation of traditionally male and female styles in these trends should be even. In contrast with these balanced views, this…
On Intertemporal Selfishness: How the Perceived Instability of Identity Underlies Impatient Consumption
How does the anticipated connectedness between one’s current and future identity help explain impatience in intertemporal preferences? The less consumers are closely connected psychologically to their future selves, the less willing they will be to forgo immediate benefits in order to ensure larger deferred benefits to be received by that future self. When consumers’ measured or manipulated sense of continuity with their future selves is lower, t…
To Know and to Care: How Awareness and Valuation of the Future Jointly Shape Consumer Spending
Reducing spending in the present requires the combination of being both motivated to provide for one's future self (valuing the future) and actively considering long-term implications of one's choices (awareness of the future). Feeling more connected to the future self-thinking that the important psychological properties that define your current self are preserved in the person you will be in the future-helps motivate consumers to make far-sighte…
Paper Meets Plastic: The Perceived Environmental Friendliness of Product Packaging
Packaging waste makes up more than 10% of the landfilled waste in the United States. While consumers often want to make environmentally friendly product choices, we find that their perceptions of the environmental friendliness of product packaging may systematically deviate from its objective environmental friendliness. Eight studies (N = 4,103) document the perceived environmental friendliness (PEF) bias whereby consumers judge plastic packaging…
The Foresight Effect: Local Optimism Motivates Consistency and Local Pessimism Motivates Variety
Consumers sometimes prefer to repeat their past choices; at other times the same consumer prefers to try something new. We demonstrate that a consumers’ situational future outlook, that is, local optimism or pessimism about an imminent outcome, can systematically affect the sequential consistency of consumer choices. Specifically, local optimism increases sequential choice consistency, whereas local pessimism increases sequential variety seeking.…
Taking the Full Measure: Integrating Replication into Research Practice to Assess Generalizability
In this article, we review the ways in which replication has been and could be featured in consumer behavior, using Journal of Consumer Research as a specific setting. We present a framework for thinking about the generalizability of research findings and differentiate various potential benefits that replication can have for understanding variability in consumer research findings. We then define four different types of replications, describe how …
AI Companions Reduce Loneliness
Chatbots are now able to engage in sophisticated conversations with consumers in the domain of relationships, providing a potential coping solution to widescale societal loneliness. Behavioral research provides little insight into whether these applications are effective at alleviating loneliness. We address this question by focusing on 'AI companions': applications designed to provide consumers with synthetic interaction partners. Study 1 examin…
Giving Suggestions: Using Quantity Requests to Increase Donations
Across seven studies (N = 9,028), we provide evidence that quantity requests, wherein people consider multiple choice options of how much to donate (e.g., $5, $10, or $15), increase contributions compared to open-ended requests. Specifically, quantity requests encourage greater donations (study 1), even when respondents can passively choose not to donate (study 2) and even when the donation is directed toward a less popular cause (study 3). This …
Improving Our Scientific Understanding of Consumer Behavior
“The Journal of Consumer Research is an anomaly in the ‘house of intellect’. Its primary objective is to serve as an interdisciplinary communication vehicle for theory, empirical research and methodology of the study of consumer behavior. ... It is our objective to be the first journal in which professionals sharing an interest in consumer behavior across disciplines send their material. ... JCR is intended to be a medium for interdisciplinary ex…
A multinational analysis of how emotions relate to economic decisions regarding time or risk
We Do What We Are: Representation of the Self-Concept and Identity-Based Choice
The current research proposes a novel approach to identity-based choice that focuses on consumers' representations of the self-concept, as captured by the perceived cause-effect relationships among features of an individual consumer's self-concept. More specifically, the studies reported here test the proposal that the causal centrality of an identity-the number of other features of a consumer's self-concept that the consumer believes influenced …
Cross-Period Impatience: Subjective Financial Periods Explain Time-Inconsistent Choices
Inconsistency in consumer time preferences has been well established and used to explain seemingly short-sighted behaviors (e.g., failures of self-control). However, prior research has conflated time-inconsistent preferences (discount rates that vary over time) with present bias (greater discounting when outcomes are delayed specifically from the present, as opposed to from a future time). This research shows that time-inconsistent preferences ar…
The Goal-Gradient Hypothesis Resurrected: Purchase Acceleration, Illusionary Goal Progress, and Customer Retention
The goal-gradient hypothesis denotes the classic finding from behaviorism that animals expend more effort as they approach a reward. Building on this hypothesis, the authors generate new propositions for the human psychology of rewards. They test these propositions using field experiments, secondary customer data, paper-and-pencil problems, and Tobit and logit models. The key findings indicate that (1) participants in a real café reward program p…
On Intertemporal Selfishness: How the Perceived Instability of Identity Underlies Impatient Consumption
How does the anticipated connectedness between one’s current and future identity help explain impatience in intertemporal preferences? The less consumers are closely connected psychologically to their future selves, the less willing they will be to forgo immediate benefits in order to ensure larger deferred benefits to be received by that future self. When consumers’ measured or manipulated sense of continuity with their future selves is lower, t…
The Foresight Effect: Local Optimism Motivates Consistency and Local Pessimism Motivates Variety
Consumers sometimes prefer to repeat their past choices; at other times the same consumer prefers to try something new. We demonstrate that a consumers’ situational future outlook, that is, local optimism or pessimism about an imminent outcome, can systematically affect the sequential consistency of consumer choices. Specifically, local optimism increases sequential choice consistency, whereas local pessimism increases sequential variety seeking.…
To Know and to Care: How Awareness and Valuation of the Future Jointly Shape Consumer Spending
Reducing spending in the present requires the combination of being both motivated to provide for one's future self (valuing the future) and actively considering long-term implications of one's choices (awareness of the future). Feeling more connected to the future self-thinking that the important psychological properties that define your current self are preserved in the person you will be in the future-helps motivate consumers to make far-sighte…
Work-to-Unlock Rewards: Leveraging Goals in Reward Systems to Increase Consumer Persistence
Eight studies (N = 5,025) demonstrate that consumers persist more when they must complete a target number of goal-related actions before receiving continuous rewards (i.e., what we term work-to-unlock rewards) than when they receive continuous rewards for their effort right away (i.e., what we term work-to-receive rewards). The authors suggest that the motivating power of work-to-unlock rewards arises because these rewards (1) naturally encourage…
Cross-Period Impatience: Subjective Financial Periods Explain Time-Inconsistent Choices
Inconsistency in consumer time preferences has been well established and used to explain seemingly short-sighted behaviors (e.g., failures of self-control). However, prior research has conflated time-inconsistent preferences (discount rates that vary over time) with present bias (greater discounting when outcomes are delayed specifically from the present, as opposed to from a future time). This research shows that time-inconsistent preferences ar…
Paper Meets Plastic: The Perceived Environmental Friendliness of Product Packaging
Packaging waste makes up more than 10% of the landfilled waste in the United States. While consumers often want to make environmentally friendly product choices, we find that their perceptions of the environmental friendliness of product packaging may systematically deviate from its objective environmental friendliness. Eight studies (N = 4,103) document the perceived environmental friendliness (PEF) bias whereby consumers judge plastic packaging…
Giving Suggestions: Using Quantity Requests to Increase Donations
Across seven studies (N = 9,028), we provide evidence that quantity requests, wherein people consider multiple choice options of how much to donate (e.g., $5, $10, or $15), increase contributions compared to open-ended requests. Specifically, quantity requests encourage greater donations (study 1), even when respondents can passively choose not to donate (study 2) and even when the donation is directed toward a less popular cause (study 3). This …
The different roads not taken: Considering diverse foregone alternatives motivates future goal persistence
Decisions are rarely made in isolation. Instead, deliberation often occurs in the context of prior related choices. This article finds that goal‐inconsistent foregone alternatives, options that were previously considered but not chosen, shape how consumers subsequently pursue their goals. Going beyond previous research on foregone alternatives and consumer satisfaction, the current research suggests that how consumers mentally construe foregone g…
A multinational analysis of how emotions relate to economic decisions regarding time or risk
Taking the Full Measure: Integrating Replication into Research Practice to Assess Generalizability
In this article, we review the ways in which replication has been and could be featured in consumer behavior, using Journal of Consumer Research as a specific setting. We present a framework for thinking about the generalizability of research findings and differentiate various potential benefits that replication can have for understanding variability in consumer research findings. We then define four different types of replications, describe how …
We Do What We Are: Representation of the Self-Concept and Identity-Based Choice
The current research proposes a novel approach to identity-based choice that focuses on consumers' representations of the self-concept, as captured by the perceived cause-effect relationships among features of an individual consumer's self-concept. More specifically, the studies reported here test the proposal that the causal centrality of an identity-the number of other features of a consumer's self-concept that the consumer believes influenced …
Starting Positive: The Impact of Self-Presentation Concerns on Consumer Reviews
This research investigates how reviewers’ self-presentation strategies influence their posting behavior. We find reviewers are less likely to post negative reviews early in their review history due to concerns that doing so would make them appear as lacking warmth. This concern diminishes as the number of reviews associated with their profile increases, resulting in a discernable negative trend in ratings at the reviewer level. We document this t…
Sustainability Cues Can Delay Consumption
With the rise of environmental concerns in recent decades, many companies have joined the initiative to advertise and promote sustainable consumption. The current research examines how providing sustainability cues to consumers might have unintended consequences of which practitioners and policymakers may not be fully aware. One pilot study and 10 main studies, including two real-choice studies, show that a sustainability cue may delay consumptio…
The “Confidence” Trap: When the Likelihood Is Low, Forecasters Look Less Competent When They Refer to Their Confidence in an Outcome Rather Than Its Probability
Marketers make various forecasts, including those about new products, financial instruments, sporting events, and medical procedures, to influence consumer decisions. In communicating the likelihood that a forecaster assigns to an outcome, the forecaster can refer to their confidence in the outcome (e.g., “I’m 30% confident”) or the probability of the outcome (e.g., “There is a 30% probability”). The authors propose that the choice of language (e…
Promotion Architecture: A Deal Fairness Model of Restricted Price Promotions
This research examines the effectiveness of two common types of restricted price promotions: threshold promotions (conditional on spending more than a threshold amount; e.g., “Get $5 off on orders of $10 or more”) and capped promotions (limited to a maximum dollar value; e.g., “Get 50% off, up to $5 per order”). Results from seven preregistered studies, including one field study, show that threshold promotions lead to higher purchase intentions a…
The (Better) Road Not Taken: Setting a Goal Reduces Switching to More Effective Alternatives
We identify a novel way in which setting goals can backfire. In 13 studies and 4 supplemental studies, using both incentive-compatible and hypothetical designs across a range of domains, we demonstrate that setting an explicit goal and making progress toward it decreases the likelihood of switching to alternative means of pursuit. This occurs because means seem more effective relative to alternatives if they have been used to progress toward a re…
Let Me Show You What Your Tips Can Do! Materially Referenced Tip Recommendations Prompt Tipping
Given the emergence of new technologies (e.g., online payment systems) and new service contexts (e.g., app-based services), the use of tip recommendations is becoming increasingly prevalent. Based on one large secondary dataset analysis (176,237 food delivery orders) and nine experiments, this research identifies an effective and easily implementable tip recommendation design—materially referenced tip recommendations (i.e., referencing a product …
Extremeness Aversion and Choice Set Composition: Exposure to Multiple Extreme Options Reduces Extremeness Aversion
Extremeness aversion—the tendency for consumers to prefer middling options in a choice set—is an incredibly robust and well-studied phenomenon. However, it has primarily been studied in the context of two- or three-option choice sets. In six studies (Ntotal = 9,377), we suggest that consumers’ aversion to extreme options depends on the frequency of similar options in the choice set. In particular, we find that consumers are relatively more likely…
Brief Commentary: Is “4 for $16” Better than “4 for $15.30”? Testing the Replicability of the Price Divisibility Effect
Although higher prices generally lead to lower demand, research on the price divisibility effect suggests that consumers are sometimes willing to pay more for a multipack if its price is divisible by the number of units it contains. For instance, a seven-pack of shoelaces might be more appealing at the divisible price of $14 than at the lower, but non-divisible, price of $13. The original Journal of Consumer Research (JCR) article documenting thi…
The Confirmation Nudge: Prompts to Change or Confirm Initial Preferences Steer Consumer Choice
Across two field experiments and several preregistered lab experiments, we demonstrate that confirmation nudges, which ask consumers whether they would like to confirm or change their initial choice, impact choice. First, consumers navigating a subscription company’s smartphone app were randomized to a control or confirmation nudge condition, which asked them to either confirm their initial choice or switch to an annual subscription. Confirmation…
Reparative Consumption: The Role of Racial Identity and White Guilt in Consumer Preferences
In light of recent social and political movements advocating for racial equity and calls for more research on interracial marketplace interactions, this research explores the role racial identity plays in the consumption domain. Specifically, we investigate the marketplace consequences of U.S.-based White consumers’ feelings about their own racial identity by measuring and manipulating white guilt, defined as the sense of guilt and remorse experi…
Brief Commentary: A Reexamination of the Effect of Forced Choice on Choice
When conducting studies in which the dependent variable is choice, researchers must decide whether to require participants to select one of the available alternatives or to provide a no-choice option. Prior research published in the Journal of Marketing Research proposed that no-choice options can disproportionately reduce the share of certain alternatives, particularly all-average or compromise options. In this commentary, I reexamine these prop…
Why Horizontal Organizations Don’t Fall Flat: Organizational Structure Shapes Perceptions of Egalitarianism and Company Warmth
In recent years, a growing number of companies have evolved toward relatively “flat” management structures with minimal hierarchical layers of management. Some even leverage this flatness as a key marketing message and defining element of corporate identity. Although organizational structure has been studied extensively throughout various disciplines, its influence on consumer response has received little attention. This research reveals that a c…
The Asymmetry of Gender-Fluid Trends
Marketers and consumers are rapidly embracing gender-fluid products that fundamentally challenge the conventional associations of masculinity and femininity. In theory, manifestations of gender fluidity in the marketplace respond to shifting gender norms toward more inclusivity. Accordingly, consumers believe that the representation of traditionally male and female styles in these trends should be even. In contrast with these balanced views, this…
Psychology (20 works) · Behavioral Health and Interventions (14 works) · Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification (13 works) · Social Psychology (13 works) · Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics (12 works) · Economics (12 works) · Business (9 works) · Product (mathematics) (8 works) · Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing (7 works) · Consumption (sociology) (7 works)