William H Batchelder
Biographic Data
| ID | 124152 |
|---|---|
| NAME | William H Batchelder |
| GIVEN NAMES | William H |
| FAMILY NAME | Batchelder |
| SIGNATURE | BATCHELDER W H |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of California, Irvine |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0579-7752 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 17 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 668 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 17 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1977 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2019 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
What does it mean to feel loved: Cultural consensus and individual differences in felt love
Cultural consensus theory is a statistical framework (CCT) for the study of individual differences in the knowledge of culturally shared opinions. In this article, we demonstrate how a CCT analysis can be used to study individual differences and cultural consensus on what makes people feel loved, or more generally any social behaviors that are governed by cognitive schemata. To highlight the advantages of the method, we describe a study in which …
Consensus Analysis for Populations With Latent Subgroups: Applying Multicultural Consensus Theory and Model-Based Clustering With CCTpack
Advanced consensus analyses are made available with the cultural consensus theory (CCT) framework, which is a model-based methodology used to closely derive the consensus knowledge of a group or population (e.g., a culture). The relevant data are their questionnaire responses about a subject domain. CCT has been established as a main methodology for ethnographic studies in social and cultural anthropology, and it has also been incorporated into o…
Mathematical Psychology: History
Discrete-State Models of Information Processing
Maximum Likelihood Item Easiness Models for Test Theory Without an Answer Key
Cultural consensus theory (CCT) is a data aggregation technique with many applications in the social and behavioral sciences. We describe the intuition and theory behind a set of CCT models for continuous type data using maximum likelihood inference methodology. We describe how bias parameters can be incorporated into these models. We introduce two extensions to the basic model in order to account for item rating easiness/difficulty. The first ex…
Bayesian Cultural Consensus Theory
In this article, we present a Bayesian inference framework for cultural consensus theory (CCT) models for dichotomous (True/False) response data and provide an associated, user-friendly software package along with a detailed user’s guide to carry out the inference. We believe that the time is ripe for Bayesian statistical inference to become the default choice in the field of CCT. Unfortunately, a lack of publications presenting a practical descr…
An Extended Cultural Consensus Theory Model to Account for Cognitive Processes in Decision Making in Social Surveys
In recent decades, cultural consensus theory (CCT) models have been extensively applied across research domains to explore shared cultural knowledge and beliefs. These models are parameterized in terms of person-specific cognitive parameters such as abilities and guessing biases as well as item difficulties. Although psychometric test theory is also formalized in terms of abilities and item difficulties, a quality that clearly sets CCT models apa…
Discrete-state models: Comment on Pazzaglia, Dube, and Rotello (2013)
Pazzaglia, Dube, and Rotello (2013) have provided a lengthy critique of threshold and continuous models of recognition memory. Although the early pages of their article focus mostly on the problems they see with 3 vintage threshold models compared with models from signal detection theory (SDT), it becomes clear rather quickly that Pazzaglia et al. are concerned more generally with problems they see with multinomial processing tree (MPT) models. F…
Theoretical and empirical review of multinomial process tree modeling
A Multinomial Modeling Analysis of Memory Deficits in Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia
Data from the immediate recall task of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease neuropsychological test battery were disaggregated into nine subject groups and analyzed with traditional statistics as well as with a general processing tree (GPT) model of free recall. The groups represented four levels of severity of Alzheimer's and vascular dementia, as well as a ninth group of healthy elderly controls. It was demonstrated th…
Consensus analysis of three‐way social network data
Three‐way social network data occurs when every actor in a social network generates a digraph of the entire network. This paper presents a statistical model based on cultural consensus analysis for aggregating these separate digraphs into a single consensus digraph. In addition, the model allows estimation of separate hit and false alarm rates for each actor that can vary within each actor in different regions of the digraph. Several standard sig…
Systematic Biases in Social Perception
Members of a professional group reported on friendship ties among all members, including themselves. Multiple methods of anlysis reveal several systematic biases. In spatial representations individuals' self-perceived positions are closer to the centroid than their group-perceived positions. Graph-theoretic centrally measures show that group members tend to have highest centrality in their own digraphs, and they tend to report more ties, more rec…
Test Theory without an Answer Key
A general model is presented for homogeneous, dichotomous items when the answer key is not known a priori. The model is structurally related to the two-class latent structure model with the roles of respondents and items interchanged. For very small sets of respondents, iterative maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters can be obtained by existing methods. For other situations, new estimation methods are developed and assessed with Monte Ca…
Interpreting Consensus: A Reply to Price
Recent Applications of Cultural Consensus Theory
Culture as Consensus: A Theory of Culture and Informant Accuracy
This paper presents and tests a formal mathematical model for the analysis of informant responses to systematic interview questions. We assume a situation in which the ethnographer does not know how much each informant knows about the cultural domain under consideration nor the answers to the questions. The model simultaneously provides an estimate of the cultural competence or knowledge of each informant and an estimate of the correct answer to …
A Critical Examination of The Analysis of Dichotomous Data
This paper takes a critical look at theory-free, statistical methodologies for processing and interpreting data taken from respondents answering a set of dichotomous (yes-no) questions. The basic issue concerns to what extent theoretical conclusions based on such analyses are invariant under a class of “informationally equivalent” question transformations. First the notion of Boolean equivalence of two question sets is discussed. Then Lazarsfeld'…
Culture as Consensus: A Theory of Culture and Informant Accuracy
This paper presents and tests a formal mathematical model for the analysis of informant responses to systematic interview questions. We assume a situation in which the ethnographer does not know how much each informant knows about the cultural domain under consideration nor the answers to the questions. The model simultaneously provides an estimate of the cultural competence or knowledge of each informant and an estimate of the correct answer to …
Recent Applications of Cultural Consensus Theory
Systematic Biases in Social Perception
Members of a professional group reported on friendship ties among all members, including themselves. Multiple methods of anlysis reveal several systematic biases. In spatial representations individuals' self-perceived positions are closer to the centroid than their group-perceived positions. Graph-theoretic centrally measures show that group members tend to have highest centrality in their own digraphs, and they tend to report more ties, more rec…
Consensus analysis of three‐way social network data
Three‐way social network data occurs when every actor in a social network generates a digraph of the entire network. This paper presents a statistical model based on cultural consensus analysis for aggregating these separate digraphs into a single consensus digraph. In addition, the model allows estimation of separate hit and false alarm rates for each actor that can vary within each actor in different regions of the digraph. Several standard sig…
An Extended Cultural Consensus Theory Model to Account for Cognitive Processes in Decision Making in Social Surveys
In recent decades, cultural consensus theory (CCT) models have been extensively applied across research domains to explore shared cultural knowledge and beliefs. These models are parameterized in terms of person-specific cognitive parameters such as abilities and guessing biases as well as item difficulties. Although psychometric test theory is also formalized in terms of abilities and item difficulties, a quality that clearly sets CCT models apa…
What does it mean to feel loved: Cultural consensus and individual differences in felt love
Cultural consensus theory is a statistical framework (CCT) for the study of individual differences in the knowledge of culturally shared opinions. In this article, we demonstrate how a CCT analysis can be used to study individual differences and cultural consensus on what makes people feel loved, or more generally any social behaviors that are governed by cognitive schemata. To highlight the advantages of the method, we describe a study in which …
Consensus Analysis for Populations With Latent Subgroups: Applying Multicultural Consensus Theory and Model-Based Clustering With CCTpack
Advanced consensus analyses are made available with the cultural consensus theory (CCT) framework, which is a model-based methodology used to closely derive the consensus knowledge of a group or population (e.g., a culture). The relevant data are their questionnaire responses about a subject domain. CCT has been established as a main methodology for ethnographic studies in social and cultural anthropology, and it has also been incorporated into o…
A Critical Examination of The Analysis of Dichotomous Data
This paper takes a critical look at theory-free, statistical methodologies for processing and interpreting data taken from respondents answering a set of dichotomous (yes-no) questions. The basic issue concerns to what extent theoretical conclusions based on such analyses are invariant under a class of “informationally equivalent” question transformations. First the notion of Boolean equivalence of two question sets is discussed. Then Lazarsfeld'…
Culture as Consensus: A Theory of Culture and Informant Accuracy
This paper presents and tests a formal mathematical model for the analysis of informant responses to systematic interview questions. We assume a situation in which the ethnographer does not know how much each informant knows about the cultural domain under consideration nor the answers to the questions. The model simultaneously provides an estimate of the cultural competence or knowledge of each informant and an estimate of the correct answer to …
Recent Applications of Cultural Consensus Theory
Test Theory without an Answer Key
A general model is presented for homogeneous, dichotomous items when the answer key is not known a priori. The model is structurally related to the two-class latent structure model with the roles of respondents and items interchanged. For very small sets of respondents, iterative maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters can be obtained by existing methods. For other situations, new estimation methods are developed and assessed with Monte Ca…
Interpreting Consensus: A Reply to Price
Systematic Biases in Social Perception
Members of a professional group reported on friendship ties among all members, including themselves. Multiple methods of anlysis reveal several systematic biases. In spatial representations individuals' self-perceived positions are closer to the centroid than their group-perceived positions. Graph-theoretic centrally measures show that group members tend to have highest centrality in their own digraphs, and they tend to report more ties, more rec…
A Multinomial Modeling Analysis of Memory Deficits in Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia
Data from the immediate recall task of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease neuropsychological test battery were disaggregated into nine subject groups and analyzed with traditional statistics as well as with a general processing tree (GPT) model of free recall. The groups represented four levels of severity of Alzheimer's and vascular dementia, as well as a ninth group of healthy elderly controls. It was demonstrated th…
Consensus analysis of three‐way social network data
Three‐way social network data occurs when every actor in a social network generates a digraph of the entire network. This paper presents a statistical model based on cultural consensus analysis for aggregating these separate digraphs into a single consensus digraph. In addition, the model allows estimation of separate hit and false alarm rates for each actor that can vary within each actor in different regions of the digraph. Several standard sig…
Theoretical and empirical review of multinomial process tree modeling
Discrete-state models: Comment on Pazzaglia, Dube, and Rotello (2013)
Pazzaglia, Dube, and Rotello (2013) have provided a lengthy critique of threshold and continuous models of recognition memory. Although the early pages of their article focus mostly on the problems they see with 3 vintage threshold models compared with models from signal detection theory (SDT), it becomes clear rather quickly that Pazzaglia et al. are concerned more generally with problems they see with multinomial processing tree (MPT) models. F…
Bayesian Cultural Consensus Theory
In this article, we present a Bayesian inference framework for cultural consensus theory (CCT) models for dichotomous (True/False) response data and provide an associated, user-friendly software package along with a detailed user’s guide to carry out the inference. We believe that the time is ripe for Bayesian statistical inference to become the default choice in the field of CCT. Unfortunately, a lack of publications presenting a practical descr…
An Extended Cultural Consensus Theory Model to Account for Cognitive Processes in Decision Making in Social Surveys
In recent decades, cultural consensus theory (CCT) models have been extensively applied across research domains to explore shared cultural knowledge and beliefs. These models are parameterized in terms of person-specific cognitive parameters such as abilities and guessing biases as well as item difficulties. Although psychometric test theory is also formalized in terms of abilities and item difficulties, a quality that clearly sets CCT models apa…
Mathematical Psychology: History
Discrete-State Models of Information Processing
Maximum Likelihood Item Easiness Models for Test Theory Without an Answer Key
Cultural consensus theory (CCT) is a data aggregation technique with many applications in the social and behavioral sciences. We describe the intuition and theory behind a set of CCT models for continuous type data using maximum likelihood inference methodology. We describe how bias parameters can be incorporated into these models. We introduce two extensions to the basic model in order to account for item rating easiness/difficulty. The first ex…
Consensus Analysis for Populations With Latent Subgroups: Applying Multicultural Consensus Theory and Model-Based Clustering With CCTpack
Advanced consensus analyses are made available with the cultural consensus theory (CCT) framework, which is a model-based methodology used to closely derive the consensus knowledge of a group or population (e.g., a culture). The relevant data are their questionnaire responses about a subject domain. CCT has been established as a main methodology for ethnographic studies in social and cultural anthropology, and it has also been incorporated into o…
What does it mean to feel loved: Cultural consensus and individual differences in felt love
Cultural consensus theory is a statistical framework (CCT) for the study of individual differences in the knowledge of culturally shared opinions. In this article, we demonstrate how a CCT analysis can be used to study individual differences and cultural consensus on what makes people feel loved, or more generally any social behaviors that are governed by cognitive schemata. To highlight the advantages of the method, we describe a study in which …
Computer Science (13 works) · Psychology (11 works) · Mathematics (10 works) · Artificial Intelligence (8 works) · Categorization, perception, and language (7 works) · Machine learning (7 works) · Sensory Analysis and Statistical Methods (7 works) · Statistics (7 works) · Artificial Intelligence (5 works) · Cognition (5 works)