Joan Meyers‐levy
Biographic Data
| ID | 124283 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Joan Meyers‐levy |
| GIVEN NAMES | Joan |
| FAMILY NAME | Meyers‐levy |
| SIGNATURE | LEVY J M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Agricultural Marketing Service |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 21 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 165 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 21 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1988 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2015 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Revisiting gender differences: What we know and what lies ahead
When Does a Higher Construal Level Increase or Decrease Indulgence? Resolving the Myopia versus Hyperopia Puzzle
Existing inquiry on self-control reveals an inconsistency. The mainstream research on myopic behavior suggests that consumers' use of a high versus low construal level should lead them to exhibit less indulgence. However, more recent work on hyperopia implies the opposite. This research attempts to resolve this discrepancy. In particular, it is proposed and demonstrated that the level at which a consumer construes information (i.e., abstract vs. …
Context Effects from Bodily Sensations: Examining Bodily Sensations Induced by Flooring and the Moderating Role of Product Viewing Distance
When consumers shop, the flooring underfoot can prompt bodily sensations—a sense of comfort from soft carpeting or fatigue from hard tile flooring. Like moods, such bodily sensations may foster context effects on the products shoppers observe. However, whereas moods prompt only assimilation effects, we demonstrate that consumers’ bodily sensations can produce either assimilation, contrast, or no context effects. Further, consumers’ viewing distan…
Emotional Persuasion: When the Valence versus the Resource Demands of Emotions Influence Consumers' Attitudes
Can properties of emotions other than valence influence consumers’ responses to emotional ads? We show that consumers’ processing motivation moderates whether their attitudes are based on the valence of or the resource demands imposed by the emotion featured in an ad. When motivation is low, consumers respond more favorably to positively versus negatively valenced emotional ads. However, when motivation is high, attitudes are more favorable when …
Context Effects in Diverse-Category Brand Environments: The Influence of Target Product Positioning and Consumers' Processing Mind-Set
We investigate the apparent rarity of contrast effects in diverse-category contextual and target product settings. Three studies show that the direction of context effects depends on (a) whether target product positioning is abstract or concrete, (b) consumers' adoption of an item-specific, similarity-focused relational or dissimilarity-focused relational processing mind-set, and (c) the magnitude of resources allocated to processing. We find tha…
The Influence of Ceiling Height: The Effect of Priming on the Type of Processing That People Use
This article demonstrates that variations in ceiling height can prime concepts that, in turn, affect how consumers process information. We theorized that when reasonably salient, a high versus low ceiling can prime the concepts of freedom versus confinement, respectively. These concepts, in turn, can prompt consumers' use of predominately relational versus item-specific processing. Three studies found support for this theorizing. On a variety of …
Exploring the Cognitive Mechanism that Underlies Regulatory Focus Effects
Much research has explained regulatory focus effects via the alternative psychological states (eagerness vs. vigilance) people experience when they adopt different regulatory foci. This article identifies for the first time the cognitive mechanism that underlies regulatory focus effects. We propose that promotion-focus individuals engage in relational elaboration, which entails identifying commonalities or abstract relationships among disparate i…
Using Stylistic Properties of Ad Pictures to Communicate with Consumers
Many researchers claim that pictures can impart descriptive concepts through their choice of stylistic properties, such as the orientation of depicted objects or the camera angle used. Yet little empirical research has explored if this is so, how readily or when such concepts are discerned, and/or whether these concepts can affect viewers' perceptions. In two studies we show that stylistic properties of ad pictures can communicate descriptive con…
Evaluating Persuasion-Enhancing Techniques from a Resource-Matching Perspective
This article examines how two ad execution characteristics intended to heighten persuasion can influence the resources required to process an ad under high and low motivation conditions. These ad execution characteristics include (1) whether the ad copy is narrative or factual and (2) whether the ad layout either physically integrates or separates the ad picture and ad claims. Results reveal that under low motivation, persuasion is unaffected by …
Context Effects at Encoding and Judgment in Consumption Settings: The Role of Cognitive Resources
When consumers learn about a new product, cues in the surrounding context have been found to bias their response to the product in two ways. In some instances, judgments of the product are assimilated toward the affect or descriptive implications associated with the context, whereas in other circumstances, responses are contrasted with or adjusted away from the context. We examine how cognitive resources influence whether assimilation or contrast…
Moderators of the Impact of Self-Reference on Persuasion
This article examines two related issues: how variation in the level of self-reference in which people engage affects their persuasion and what factors may moderate self-reference effects. Respondents viewed ads that varied on two dimensions intended to influence the use of self-reference, namely, the wording of the ad copy and the perspective from which the ad photo was shot. Results indicated that an initial (moderate) increase in self-referenc…
Understanding the Effects of Color: How the Correspondence between Available and Required Resources Affects Attitudes
The impact of presenting full-color, black-and-white, and color-highlighted ad photos is examined under different processing resource conditions. When viewers devote few resources to processing, ads with some color outperform black-and-white ads. However, when viewers engage in more effortful ad processing, attitudes are sensitive to the match between available and required resources. When the substantial resources devoted to ad processing are in…
How Ambiguous Cropped Objects in Ad Photos can Affect Product Evaluations
Research in both the consumer and aesthetics literatures suggests that the ambiguity created by a cropped or incomplete object may prompt people to seek closure by supplying the missing part. In turn, this process of resolving the ambiguity can enhance affect. Applying this notion to advertisements, a study is reported that examines whether and when severe cropping of key objects in ads will influence people's product evaluations. The results ind…
When Timing Matters: The Influence of Temporal Distance on Consumers' Affective and Persuasive Responses
Existing theorizing suggests that consumers should experience more intense affective reactions when a positive outcome is just missed (short temporal distance) than when its occurrence is relatively remote (long temporal distance). Two studies are reported that explore why and when these effects occur and whether they also occur for persuasion responses. The findings indicate that this effect is likely to occur and influence persuasion only when …
Elaborating on Elaboration: The Distinction between Relational and Item- Specific Elaboration
This article examines the distinction between and the effects of two different types of elaboration on various indicators of ad effectiveness. One type of elaboration, known as item-specific processing, emphasizes the distinctive features of each ad claim. A second type, called relational processing, highlights similarities (e.g., common themes) that link various ad claims. This study shows that recall of ad claims is enhanced when manipulations …
Exploring Differences in Males' and Females' Processing Strategies
Existing research suggests that, relative to males, females often are more concerned with the particulars of message claims when processing advertising messages. This research examines how males process messages, when gender differences in processing are likely to occur, and whether variance in either information availability (the extent of message encoding) or information accessibility (the richness of message encoding) is likely to mediate such…
The Influence of Message Framing and Issue Involvement
Studies examining message framing effects on persuasion have produced mixed results. Some studies show positively framed messages, which specify attributes or benefits gained by using a product, to be more persuasive than negatively framed messages, which specify attributes or benefits lost by not using a product. Reverse outcomes have been obtained in other studies. The authors explore a theoretical explanation for such findings by investigating…
The Influence of a Brand Name's Association Set Size and Word Frequency on Brand Memory
Journal Article The Influence of a Brand Name's Association Set Size and Word Frequency on Brand Memory Get access Joan Meyers-Levy Joan Meyers-Levy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Consumer Research, Volume 16, Issue 2, September 1989, Pages 197–207, https://doi.org/10.1086/209208 Published: 01 September 1989 Article history Received: 01 November 1987 Revision received: 01 January 1989 Pu…
Priming Effects on Product Judgments: A Hemispheric Interpretation
Research suggests that priming different hemisphere processing styles with partic-ular types of tasks or stimuli can affect product judgment. Visual spatial or pictorial information seems to activate the undifferentiated, holistic processing style associ-ated with the right hemisphere, while linguistic or verbal information seems to acti-vate the detail sensitive, differentiated processing style associated with the left hemisphere. This propositi…
Schema Congruity as a Basis for Product Evaluation
Mandler theorized that the level of congruity between a product and a more general product category schema may influence the nature of information processing and thus product evaluations. Products that are moderately incongruent with their associated category schemas are expected to stimulate processing that leads to a more favorable evaluation relative to products that are either congruent or extremely incongruent. Data from three experiments co…
The Influence of Sex Roles on Judgment
Two experiments provide convergent evidence that sex roles, when activated, influence males' and females' judgments. Activation of the genders' sex roles was achieved either by means of explicit sex role primes or by making unambiguous self- and other-relevant information highly salient. In accordance with males' self-focused agentic sex role, males' judgments were sensitive to the favorableness of only self-relevant information, whereas females,…
Schema Congruity as a Basis for Product Evaluation
Mandler theorized that the level of congruity between a product and a more general product category schema may influence the nature of information processing and thus product evaluations. Products that are moderately incongruent with their associated category schemas are expected to stimulate processing that leads to a more favorable evaluation relative to products that are either congruent or extremely incongruent. Data from three experiments co…
The Influence of Ceiling Height: The Effect of Priming on the Type of Processing That People Use
This article demonstrates that variations in ceiling height can prime concepts that, in turn, affect how consumers process information. We theorized that when reasonably salient, a high versus low ceiling can prime the concepts of freedom versus confinement, respectively. These concepts, in turn, can prompt consumers' use of predominately relational versus item-specific processing. Three studies found support for this theorizing. On a variety of …
The Influence of Sex Roles on Judgment
Two experiments provide convergent evidence that sex roles, when activated, influence males' and females' judgments. Activation of the genders' sex roles was achieved either by means of explicit sex role primes or by making unambiguous self- and other-relevant information highly salient. In accordance with males' self-focused agentic sex role, males' judgments were sensitive to the favorableness of only self-relevant information, whereas females,…
Elaborating on Elaboration: The Distinction between Relational and Item- Specific Elaboration
This article examines the distinction between and the effects of two different types of elaboration on various indicators of ad effectiveness. One type of elaboration, known as item-specific processing, emphasizes the distinctive features of each ad claim. A second type, called relational processing, highlights similarities (e.g., common themes) that link various ad claims. This study shows that recall of ad claims is enhanced when manipulations …
Exploring Differences in Males' and Females' Processing Strategies
Existing research suggests that, relative to males, females often are more concerned with the particulars of message claims when processing advertising messages. This research examines how males process messages, when gender differences in processing are likely to occur, and whether variance in either information availability (the extent of message encoding) or information accessibility (the richness of message encoding) is likely to mediate such…
Evaluating Persuasion-Enhancing Techniques from a Resource-Matching Perspective
This article examines how two ad execution characteristics intended to heighten persuasion can influence the resources required to process an ad under high and low motivation conditions. These ad execution characteristics include (1) whether the ad copy is narrative or factual and (2) whether the ad layout either physically integrates or separates the ad picture and ad claims. Results reveal that under low motivation, persuasion is unaffected by …
Moderators of the Impact of Self-Reference on Persuasion
This article examines two related issues: how variation in the level of self-reference in which people engage affects their persuasion and what factors may moderate self-reference effects. Respondents viewed ads that varied on two dimensions intended to influence the use of self-reference, namely, the wording of the ad copy and the perspective from which the ad photo was shot. Results indicated that an initial (moderate) increase in self-referenc…
How Ambiguous Cropped Objects in Ad Photos can Affect Product Evaluations
Research in both the consumer and aesthetics literatures suggests that the ambiguity created by a cropped or incomplete object may prompt people to seek closure by supplying the missing part. In turn, this process of resolving the ambiguity can enhance affect. Applying this notion to advertisements, a study is reported that examines whether and when severe cropping of key objects in ads will influence people's product evaluations. The results ind…
Context Effects at Encoding and Judgment in Consumption Settings: The Role of Cognitive Resources
When consumers learn about a new product, cues in the surrounding context have been found to bias their response to the product in two ways. In some instances, judgments of the product are assimilated toward the affect or descriptive implications associated with the context, whereas in other circumstances, responses are contrasted with or adjusted away from the context. We examine how cognitive resources influence whether assimilation or contrast…
Understanding the Effects of Color: How the Correspondence between Available and Required Resources Affects Attitudes
The impact of presenting full-color, black-and-white, and color-highlighted ad photos is examined under different processing resource conditions. When viewers devote few resources to processing, ads with some color outperform black-and-white ads. However, when viewers engage in more effortful ad processing, attitudes are sensitive to the match between available and required resources. When the substantial resources devoted to ad processing are in…
When Timing Matters: The Influence of Temporal Distance on Consumers' Affective and Persuasive Responses
Existing theorizing suggests that consumers should experience more intense affective reactions when a positive outcome is just missed (short temporal distance) than when its occurrence is relatively remote (long temporal distance). Two studies are reported that explore why and when these effects occur and whether they also occur for persuasion responses. The findings indicate that this effect is likely to occur and influence persuasion only when …
Context Effects in Diverse-Category Brand Environments: The Influence of Target Product Positioning and Consumers' Processing Mind-Set
We investigate the apparent rarity of contrast effects in diverse-category contextual and target product settings. Three studies show that the direction of context effects depends on (a) whether target product positioning is abstract or concrete, (b) consumers' adoption of an item-specific, similarity-focused relational or dissimilarity-focused relational processing mind-set, and (c) the magnitude of resources allocated to processing. We find tha…
Exploring the Cognitive Mechanism that Underlies Regulatory Focus Effects
Much research has explained regulatory focus effects via the alternative psychological states (eagerness vs. vigilance) people experience when they adopt different regulatory foci. This article identifies for the first time the cognitive mechanism that underlies regulatory focus effects. We propose that promotion-focus individuals engage in relational elaboration, which entails identifying commonalities or abstract relationships among disparate i…
When Does a Higher Construal Level Increase or Decrease Indulgence? Resolving the Myopia versus Hyperopia Puzzle
Existing inquiry on self-control reveals an inconsistency. The mainstream research on myopic behavior suggests that consumers' use of a high versus low construal level should lead them to exhibit less indulgence. However, more recent work on hyperopia implies the opposite. This research attempts to resolve this discrepancy. In particular, it is proposed and demonstrated that the level at which a consumer construes information (i.e., abstract vs. …
Context Effects from Bodily Sensations: Examining Bodily Sensations Induced by Flooring and the Moderating Role of Product Viewing Distance
When consumers shop, the flooring underfoot can prompt bodily sensations—a sense of comfort from soft carpeting or fatigue from hard tile flooring. Like moods, such bodily sensations may foster context effects on the products shoppers observe. However, whereas moods prompt only assimilation effects, we demonstrate that consumers’ bodily sensations can produce either assimilation, contrast, or no context effects. Further, consumers’ viewing distan…
Using Stylistic Properties of Ad Pictures to Communicate with Consumers
Many researchers claim that pictures can impart descriptive concepts through their choice of stylistic properties, such as the orientation of depicted objects or the camera angle used. Yet little empirical research has explored if this is so, how readily or when such concepts are discerned, and/or whether these concepts can affect viewers' perceptions. In two studies we show that stylistic properties of ad pictures can communicate descriptive con…
Emotional Persuasion: When the Valence versus the Resource Demands of Emotions Influence Consumers' Attitudes
Can properties of emotions other than valence influence consumers’ responses to emotional ads? We show that consumers’ processing motivation moderates whether their attitudes are based on the valence of or the resource demands imposed by the emotion featured in an ad. When motivation is low, consumers respond more favorably to positively versus negatively valenced emotional ads. However, when motivation is high, attitudes are more favorable when …
The Influence of a Brand Name's Association Set Size and Word Frequency on Brand Memory
Journal Article The Influence of a Brand Name's Association Set Size and Word Frequency on Brand Memory Get access Joan Meyers-Levy Joan Meyers-Levy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Consumer Research, Volume 16, Issue 2, September 1989, Pages 197–207, https://doi.org/10.1086/209208 Published: 01 September 1989 Article history Received: 01 November 1987 Revision received: 01 January 1989 Pu…
Priming Effects on Product Judgments: A Hemispheric Interpretation
Research suggests that priming different hemisphere processing styles with partic-ular types of tasks or stimuli can affect product judgment. Visual spatial or pictorial information seems to activate the undifferentiated, holistic processing style associ-ated with the right hemisphere, while linguistic or verbal information seems to acti-vate the detail sensitive, differentiated processing style associated with the left hemisphere. This propositi…
The Influence of Sex Roles on Judgment
Two experiments provide convergent evidence that sex roles, when activated, influence males' and females' judgments. Activation of the genders' sex roles was achieved either by means of explicit sex role primes or by making unambiguous self- and other-relevant information highly salient. In accordance with males' self-focused agentic sex role, males' judgments were sensitive to the favorableness of only self-relevant information, whereas females,…
The Influence of a Brand Name's Association Set Size and Word Frequency on Brand Memory
Journal Article The Influence of a Brand Name's Association Set Size and Word Frequency on Brand Memory Get access Joan Meyers-Levy Joan Meyers-Levy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Consumer Research, Volume 16, Issue 2, September 1989, Pages 197–207, https://doi.org/10.1086/209208 Published: 01 September 1989 Article history Received: 01 November 1987 Revision received: 01 January 1989 Pu…
Priming Effects on Product Judgments: A Hemispheric Interpretation
Research suggests that priming different hemisphere processing styles with partic-ular types of tasks or stimuli can affect product judgment. Visual spatial or pictorial information seems to activate the undifferentiated, holistic processing style associ-ated with the right hemisphere, while linguistic or verbal information seems to acti-vate the detail sensitive, differentiated processing style associated with the left hemisphere. This propositi…
Schema Congruity as a Basis for Product Evaluation
Mandler theorized that the level of congruity between a product and a more general product category schema may influence the nature of information processing and thus product evaluations. Products that are moderately incongruent with their associated category schemas are expected to stimulate processing that leads to a more favorable evaluation relative to products that are either congruent or extremely incongruent. Data from three experiments co…
The Influence of Message Framing and Issue Involvement
Studies examining message framing effects on persuasion have produced mixed results. Some studies show positively framed messages, which specify attributes or benefits gained by using a product, to be more persuasive than negatively framed messages, which specify attributes or benefits lost by not using a product. Reverse outcomes have been obtained in other studies. The authors explore a theoretical explanation for such findings by investigating…
Elaborating on Elaboration: The Distinction between Relational and Item- Specific Elaboration
This article examines the distinction between and the effects of two different types of elaboration on various indicators of ad effectiveness. One type of elaboration, known as item-specific processing, emphasizes the distinctive features of each ad claim. A second type, called relational processing, highlights similarities (e.g., common themes) that link various ad claims. This study shows that recall of ad claims is enhanced when manipulations …
Exploring Differences in Males' and Females' Processing Strategies
Existing research suggests that, relative to males, females often are more concerned with the particulars of message claims when processing advertising messages. This research examines how males process messages, when gender differences in processing are likely to occur, and whether variance in either information availability (the extent of message encoding) or information accessibility (the richness of message encoding) is likely to mediate such…
When Timing Matters: The Influence of Temporal Distance on Consumers' Affective and Persuasive Responses
Existing theorizing suggests that consumers should experience more intense affective reactions when a positive outcome is just missed (short temporal distance) than when its occurrence is relatively remote (long temporal distance). Two studies are reported that explore why and when these effects occur and whether they also occur for persuasion responses. The findings indicate that this effect is likely to occur and influence persuasion only when …
How Ambiguous Cropped Objects in Ad Photos can Affect Product Evaluations
Research in both the consumer and aesthetics literatures suggests that the ambiguity created by a cropped or incomplete object may prompt people to seek closure by supplying the missing part. In turn, this process of resolving the ambiguity can enhance affect. Applying this notion to advertisements, a study is reported that examines whether and when severe cropping of key objects in ads will influence people's product evaluations. The results ind…
Understanding the Effects of Color: How the Correspondence between Available and Required Resources Affects Attitudes
The impact of presenting full-color, black-and-white, and color-highlighted ad photos is examined under different processing resource conditions. When viewers devote few resources to processing, ads with some color outperform black-and-white ads. However, when viewers engage in more effortful ad processing, attitudes are sensitive to the match between available and required resources. When the substantial resources devoted to ad processing are in…
Moderators of the Impact of Self-Reference on Persuasion
This article examines two related issues: how variation in the level of self-reference in which people engage affects their persuasion and what factors may moderate self-reference effects. Respondents viewed ads that varied on two dimensions intended to influence the use of self-reference, namely, the wording of the ad copy and the perspective from which the ad photo was shot. Results indicated that an initial (moderate) increase in self-referenc…
Evaluating Persuasion-Enhancing Techniques from a Resource-Matching Perspective
This article examines how two ad execution characteristics intended to heighten persuasion can influence the resources required to process an ad under high and low motivation conditions. These ad execution characteristics include (1) whether the ad copy is narrative or factual and (2) whether the ad layout either physically integrates or separates the ad picture and ad claims. Results reveal that under low motivation, persuasion is unaffected by …
Context Effects at Encoding and Judgment in Consumption Settings: The Role of Cognitive Resources
When consumers learn about a new product, cues in the surrounding context have been found to bias their response to the product in two ways. In some instances, judgments of the product are assimilated toward the affect or descriptive implications associated with the context, whereas in other circumstances, responses are contrasted with or adjusted away from the context. We examine how cognitive resources influence whether assimilation or contrast…
Using Stylistic Properties of Ad Pictures to Communicate with Consumers
Many researchers claim that pictures can impart descriptive concepts through their choice of stylistic properties, such as the orientation of depicted objects or the camera angle used. Yet little empirical research has explored if this is so, how readily or when such concepts are discerned, and/or whether these concepts can affect viewers' perceptions. In two studies we show that stylistic properties of ad pictures can communicate descriptive con…
The Influence of Ceiling Height: The Effect of Priming on the Type of Processing That People Use
This article demonstrates that variations in ceiling height can prime concepts that, in turn, affect how consumers process information. We theorized that when reasonably salient, a high versus low ceiling can prime the concepts of freedom versus confinement, respectively. These concepts, in turn, can prompt consumers' use of predominately relational versus item-specific processing. Three studies found support for this theorizing. On a variety of …
Exploring the Cognitive Mechanism that Underlies Regulatory Focus Effects
Much research has explained regulatory focus effects via the alternative psychological states (eagerness vs. vigilance) people experience when they adopt different regulatory foci. This article identifies for the first time the cognitive mechanism that underlies regulatory focus effects. We propose that promotion-focus individuals engage in relational elaboration, which entails identifying commonalities or abstract relationships among disparate i…
Context Effects in Diverse-Category Brand Environments: The Influence of Target Product Positioning and Consumers' Processing Mind-Set
We investigate the apparent rarity of contrast effects in diverse-category contextual and target product settings. Three studies show that the direction of context effects depends on (a) whether target product positioning is abstract or concrete, (b) consumers' adoption of an item-specific, similarity-focused relational or dissimilarity-focused relational processing mind-set, and (c) the magnitude of resources allocated to processing. We find tha…
Emotional Persuasion: When the Valence versus the Resource Demands of Emotions Influence Consumers' Attitudes
Can properties of emotions other than valence influence consumers’ responses to emotional ads? We show that consumers’ processing motivation moderates whether their attitudes are based on the valence of or the resource demands imposed by the emotion featured in an ad. When motivation is low, consumers respond more favorably to positively versus negatively valenced emotional ads. However, when motivation is high, attitudes are more favorable when …
Context Effects from Bodily Sensations: Examining Bodily Sensations Induced by Flooring and the Moderating Role of Product Viewing Distance
When consumers shop, the flooring underfoot can prompt bodily sensations—a sense of comfort from soft carpeting or fatigue from hard tile flooring. Like moods, such bodily sensations may foster context effects on the products shoppers observe. However, whereas moods prompt only assimilation effects, we demonstrate that consumers’ bodily sensations can produce either assimilation, contrast, or no context effects. Further, consumers’ viewing distan…
When Does a Higher Construal Level Increase or Decrease Indulgence? Resolving the Myopia versus Hyperopia Puzzle
Existing inquiry on self-control reveals an inconsistency. The mainstream research on myopic behavior suggests that consumers' use of a high versus low construal level should lead them to exhibit less indulgence. However, more recent work on hyperopia implies the opposite. This research attempts to resolve this discrepancy. In particular, it is proposed and demonstrated that the level at which a consumer construes information (i.e., abstract vs. …
Revisiting gender differences: What we know and what lies ahead
Psychology (21 works) · Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification (17 works) · Computer Science (15 works) · Social Psychology (15 works) · Cognitive psychology (10 works) · Product (mathematics) (8 works) · Media Influence and Health (7 works) · Advertising (6 works) · Artificial Intelligence (5 works) · Artificial Intelligence (5 works)