F Luna
Biographic Data
| ID | 126042 |
|---|---|
| NAME | F Luna |
| GIVEN NAMES | F |
| FAMILY NAME | Luna |
| SIGNATURE | LUNA F |
| AFFILIATIONS | Universidad Complutense de Madrid |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8865-2756 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 45 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 25 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 45 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1987 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Rethinking ethical reflexivity and oversight in health research through an ecosystem approach
As the scope of morally relevant considerations widens and new challenges emerge at the frontiers of health innovation, there are questions about the appropriate role and remit for research ethics review, within the broader context of the whole health research ecosystem. Drawing on discussion at a satellite meeting at the 2022 Global Forum on Bioethics in Research in Cape Town, we argue that the ethical conduct of research is the responsibility o…
Vulnerability
The 2024 version of the Declaration of Helsinki [1] provoked a flurry of commentaries from the international research community on a host of different issues [2-6]. These included the broadened scope of the revised Declaration, its emphasis on integrity, the inclusion of the notion of meaningful engagement, the importance of ethical research in public health emergencies, research ethics committees’ (RECs) independence and the importance of provid…
Fogarty-Funded Research Ethics Education in Latin America and the Caribbean
Ten years have passed since the last regional assessment of the state of Fogarty International Center-funded research ethics education and challenges facing research ethics in Latin America and the Caribbean basin. Program directors and faculty from four international research ethics education programs met in Spring 2024 to discuss their progress, challenges, and future priorities. The themes that emerged from these discussions were the structura…
Research priority-setting is an ethics exercise
To the Editor:Research improves people's health and well-being.While it is not possible to be sure a study will produce positive results (e.g., discovering a cure or other intervention that is effective in preventing or treating a disease), it is clear that not conducting research will not allow to find ways to prevent or treat disease, or otherwise have a positive effect on people's health or well-being.Research priority-setting exercises are ne…
La priorización de la investigación es un ejercicio ético
Salud digital en América Latina
Objetivo. Describir la legislación vigente respecto a historia clínica electrónica (HCE) y telesalud de los países latinoamericanos y analizar el tratamiento de la confidencialidad y el secreto profesional. Métodos. Entre marzo y septiembre de 2022, se realizó un relevamiento de la reglamentación vigente en los 21 países latinoamericanos en estudio, en dos niveles: i) la existencia de legislación respecto a la HCE y la telesalud, y ii) el tratami…
Charity or empowerment? The role of Covax for low and middle‐income countries
What has the past reaction to the COVID‐19 pandemic taught us? We have seen that many low and middle‐income countries (LMICs) still lack access to vaccines, and it seems little progress has been made in the last few months and year. This article discusses whether the current strategies, most notably, vaccine donations by the international community and the COVID‐19 global access facility COVAX, offer meaningful solutions to tackle the problem. At…
Justicia pandémica para y desde America Latina
Introdução ao Dossiê Justiça Pandêmica Global
Consentimiento informado y directivas anticipadas
Objetivos: Describir la forma en que se establecen normativamente el consentimiento informado (CI) y las directivas anticipadas (DA) en países latinoamericanos en relación a la asistencia en salud y la investigación, y su análisis desde la bioética. Métodos: Se realizó un análisis comparativo de las normativas vigentes de los 21 países latinoamericanos respecto al CI y las DA. Se confeccionaron reportes de extracción de datos que fueron diseñados…
Vulnerability in practice
The concept of vulnerability is widely used in bioethics, particularly in research ethics and public health ethics. The traditional approach construes vulnerability as inherent in individuals or the groups to which they belong and views vulnerability as requiring special protections. Florencia Luna and other bioethicists continue to challenge traditional ways of conceptualizing and applying the term. Luna began proposing a layered approach to thi…
On the Ethics of Vaccine Nationalism
COVID-19 vaccines are likely to be scarce for years to come. Many countries, from India to the U.K., have demonstrated vaccine nationalism. What are the ethical limits to this vaccine nationalism? Neither extreme nationalism nor extreme cosmopolitanism is ethically justifiable. Instead, we propose the fair priority for residents (FPR) framework, in which governments can retain COVID-19 vaccine doses for their residents only to the extent that the…
Enhancing the WHO’s Proposed Framework for Distributing Covid-19 Vaccines Among Countries
An ethical framework for global vaccine allocation
The Fair Priority Model offers a practical way to fulfill pledges to distribute vaccines fairly and equitably
Identifying and evaluating layers of vulnerability – a way forward
“Vulnerability” is a key concept for research ethics and public health ethics. This term can be discussed from either a conceptual or a practical perspective. I previously proposed the metaphor of layers to understand how this concept functions from the conceptual perspective in human research. In this paper I will clarify how my analysis includes other definitions of vulnerability. Then, I will take the practical‐ethical perspective, rejecting t…
Edición genética y responsabilidad
En este trabajo se plantean algunas reflexiones respecto de la edición genética y su impacto en la responsabilidad. Me centraré en la investigación y en las prácticas que se realizan en línea germinal, ya que son las que más preocupan a nuestra sociedad. Aunque estas tecnologías no generan problemas realmente novedosos, cuestionan el alcance de nuestra noción tradicional de responsabilidad y nos plantean nuevos desafíos respecto de cómo afrontarl…
La ética de los diseños y métodos alternativos de ensayos clínicos. Una reflexión sobre el Foro Global de Bioética en Investigación del 2017
Challenges for assisted reproduction and secondary infertility in Latin America
This essay explores a new way to think about Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs) in the Latin American context. The infertility caused by inadequately treated sexually transmitted diseases and by unsafe or illegal abortions is preventable, reflects the neglect of women’s sexual health, and disproportionally affects the region’s poorest women. I suggest a new logic that revisits ARTs, to do justice to the relevance of this type of infertilit…
Twelve Years of Fogarty-Funded Bioethics Training in Latin America and the Caribbean
The landscape in research ethics has changed significantly in Latin America and the Caribbean over the past two decades. Research ethics has gone from being a largely foreign concept and unfamiliar practice to an integral and growing feature of regional health research systems. Four bioethics training programs have been funded by the Fogarty International Center (FIC) in this region in the past 12 years. Overall, they have contributed significant…
An Analysis of Online Courses in Research Ethics in the Fogarty-Sponsored Bioethics Training Programs
Several training programs sponsored by the NIH/Fogarty International Center's International Research Ethics Education and Curriculum Development Program offer online graduate-level courses in research ethics to participants in lowand middle-income countries. This paper describes the evaluation of four of these online courses and recommendations for improvements to achieve the highest-quality design and delivery. We used an evaluation matrix consi…
Infertilidad en Latinoamérica
para Latinoamérica, debiera formar parte de una aproximación integral a la salud sexual y reproductiva de las personas
A Study Using Demographic Data of Genetic Drift and Natural Selection in an Isolated Mediterranean Community
Natural selection and genetic drift are two evolutionary mechanisms that can be analysed in human populations using their fertility and mortality patterns, and their reproductive size and isolation, respectively. This paper analyses the models of natural selection and genetic drift in Bayárcal, south-east Spain, and compares them with the observed models in the rest of the Alpujarran region. Demographic data were obtained from a sample of 77 fami…
The authors reply
On Moral Incoherence and Hidden Battles
In this article, the authors focus on Argentina's activity in the developing field of regenerative medicine, specifically stem cell research. They take as a starting point a recent article by Shawn Harmon (published in this journal) who argues that attempts to regulate the practice in Argentina are morally incoherent. The authors try to show first, that there is no such ‘attempt to legislate’ on stem cell research in Argentina and this is due to …
Research in Developing Countries
This article examines the problems that research ethics confronts in developing countries and the impact that research in developing countries has had on research ethics. In order to show this it analyzes the first paradigmatic cases that gave rise to the ‘classic’ analysis of research ethics. Hence, in this article, many of the ethical concerns apply wherever research is conducted and are not particular to developing countries. Secondly, the art…
Elucidating the concept of vulnerability
In this article I examine several criticisms of the concept of vulnerability. Rather than rejecting the concept, however, I argue that a sufficiently rich understanding of vulnerability is essential to bioethics. The challenges of international research in developing countries require an understanding of how new vulnerabilities arise from conditions of economic, social and political exclusion. A serious shortcoming of current conceptions of vulne…
Twelve Years of Fogarty-Funded Bioethics Training in Latin America and the Caribbean
The landscape in research ethics has changed significantly in Latin America and the Caribbean over the past two decades. Research ethics has gone from being a largely foreign concept and unfamiliar practice to an integral and growing feature of regional health research systems. Four bioethics training programs have been funded by the Fogarty International Center (FIC) in this region in the past 12 years. Overall, they have contributed significant…
On the Ethics of Vaccine Nationalism
COVID-19 vaccines are likely to be scarce for years to come. Many countries, from India to the U.K., have demonstrated vaccine nationalism. What are the ethical limits to this vaccine nationalism? Neither extreme nationalism nor extreme cosmopolitanism is ethically justifiable. Instead, we propose the fair priority for residents (FPR) framework, in which governments can retain COVID-19 vaccine doses for their residents only to the extent that the…
An Analysis of Online Courses in Research Ethics in the Fogarty-Sponsored Bioethics Training Programs
Several training programs sponsored by the NIH/Fogarty International Center's International Research Ethics Education and Curriculum Development Program offer online graduate-level courses in research ethics to participants in lowand middle-income countries. This paper describes the evaluation of four of these online courses and recommendations for improvements to achieve the highest-quality design and delivery. We used an evaluation matrix consi…
Incidence of ecological factors on the evolution of infant mortality in a Mediterranean population (La Alpujarra, SE Spain)
The infant mortality evolution in the present century has been analyzed in a rural Mediterranean population (La Alpujarra, SE Spain). The “conventional infant mortality rate” shows a decrease from 184.82, in 1900–1904, to 25.16, in 1975–1978. The sexual proportion for all period studied indicates a male supermortality about 1.13. The biometric analysis reveals an excess of exogenous mortality at the first half of the century, attributed to digest…
The dermatoglyphics of the Eastern Andalusia
In this paper the dermatoglyphics of an Eastern Andalusia series were analysed. The obtained data consists of 204 students (101 males and 103 females) from the University of Granada. According to their ancestors and the geographical position of this university, the sample can be considered as representtive of the Oriental Andalusia. The following traits were studied: Finger pattern types, Pattern intensity, Finger ridge-count, Main lines terminat…
Enhancing the WHO’s Proposed Framework for Distributing Covid-19 Vaccines Among Countries
Stillbirth Pattern in an Isolated Mediterranean Population
This study attempted to analyze the effect of several factors on the stillbirth pattern in a relatively isolated rural population, La Alpujarra (Spain), during the first half of the 20th century. The study was a retrospective analysis from a total sample of 2199 births to 525 mothers, allowing for birth year of mother, maternal age, parental inbreeding, family size, birth order, sex, single/twin delivery, and birth interval. Binomial probability …
Infertilidad en Latinoamérica
para Latinoamérica, debiera formar parte de una aproximación integral a la salud sexual y reproductiva de las personas
The dermatoglyphics of the Eastern Andalusia
In this paper the dermatoglyphics of an Eastern Andalusia series were analysed. The obtained data consists of 204 students (101 males and 103 females) from the University of Granada. According to their ancestors and the geographical position of this university, the sample can be considered as representtive of the Oriental Andalusia. The following traits were studied: Finger pattern types, Pattern intensity, Finger ridge-count, Main lines terminat…
Distribution of middle phalangeal hair in a population of the South of Spain
In this paper the presence or absence of middle phalangeal hair has been studied in an Andalusian population sample. This sample consists of 245 students from Granada (128 males and 117 females). The frequencies of middle phalangeal hair are similar to those obtained in the Basque population, which show the lowest frequencies so far reported. In our sample no significant sexual or bimanual differences are seen. The most affected finger is the rin…
Reproductive pattern in a rural Mediterranean population
The reproductive pattern of a sample of nuclear families from La Alpujarra (Andalusia, Spain) is analysed. The origin of the wife or consanguinity of the couple does not influence fertility. Variability in number of pregnancies is most closely associated with marriage duration followed by the wife's year of birth. Differences in the number of births are explained more by the number of pregnancies than by the number of miscarriages. The number of …
Incidence of ecological factors on the evolution of infant mortality in a Mediterranean population (La Alpujarra, SE Spain)
The infant mortality evolution in the present century has been analyzed in a rural Mediterranean population (La Alpujarra, SE Spain). The “conventional infant mortality rate” shows a decrease from 184.82, in 1900–1904, to 25.16, in 1975–1978. The sexual proportion for all period studied indicates a male supermortality about 1.13. The biometric analysis reveals an excess of exogenous mortality at the first half of the century, attributed to digest…
Paternalism and the Argument From Illiteracy
Throughout this essay, I will consider an argument frequently used to justify paternalistic behavior toward a specific class of persons: illiterate people. The argument states that illiterate people are uneducated, lack information and understanding, and are thus unable to make decisions. Therefore, it is argued, paternalism in their case is justified. The conclusion is that illiterate persons cannot be autonomous. The justification for this view…
Genetic Drift in Present Human Populations
This paper presents information on the opportunity for genetic drift in La Alpujarra, a rural population of the Spanish Mediterranean. This region is characterized by its historical isolation. The analyses were based on a survey of 45% of the population. The Effective Population Size (NE = 1986), the Effective Migration Rate (M(E) = 12.4) and the Coefficient of Breeding Isolation (CBI = 246.2) of Lasker & Kaplan (1964) were calculated. The value …
Inbreeding incidence on biological fitness in an isolated mediterranean population
The incidence of parental inbreeding on biological fitness was analysed in a sample of the Alpujarrenian population. Fitness was estimated as the fertility and offspring viability from conception to reproductive age. The analysed sample represents about 45% of the population from the Alta Alpujarra Oriental in southeastern Spain, and includes 847 families and 2916 pregnancies. The results showed slightly higher reproduction in consanguineous marr…
Digital dermatoglyphic patterns of Moroccan Arabs
Dermatoglyphic finger patterns and pattern intensity were examined in a sample of 204 (105 males and 99 females) adults from the authochthonous Arab population of south central Morocco. No significant sex differences were found for the overall finger pattern incidence or for the pattern intensity index. A high incidence of arches is the most remarkable characteristic of this population as compared to other Mediterranean groups. The significant di…
Genetic relationships between southeastern Spain and Morocco
The genetic polymorphism of four blood group systems (ABO, RH, MNSs, and DUFFY) was analyzed in two well-defined population samples coming from south-central Morocco and southeastern Spain. Both a controversial ancient common substrate and the long period of coexistence between North Africa and southern Spain during the eight centuries of the Islamic invasion of the Iberian Peninsula suggest a particular genetic relationship between northwestern …
Variation of 1 7 RFLP markers on chromosome 1 3 in Southeastern Spain
The allele frequency distribution of 17 nuclear DNA restriction polymorphisms at 15 loci on chromosome 13 was examined in a sample of 70 unrelated autochthonous individuals from La Alpujarra rural mountainous region in Southeastern Spain. The markers typed, 14 associated with anonymous segments and three located on coding regions, constitute a subset from the battery of the nuclear RFLPs previously proposed for population studies (Bowcock et al. …
Determinants of protogenetic interval in a West Mediterranean rural population
This paper analyzes the protogenetic interval determinants and the influence on family size. The data came from La Alpujarra (Southeast Spain), consisting on a sample of 847 families marrying through-out the first half of the present century. The marital fertility includes 85% deliveries, 5% premarital births and the remaining 10% premarital conceptions. The protogenetic interval was clearly associated with the reproductive success since family s…
Seventy‐three nuclear DNA polymorphisms in a Spanish population and a comparison with ten other populations
An anthropologically well-defined Spanish sample from La Alpujarra (SE Spain) was analyzed for 73 nuclear DNA polymorphisms. The population was chosen on the basis of available information on its history and demographic characteristics making it suitable for comparisons with data from North African populations. The Moslem invasion in this area was longer than anywhere in the Iberian Peninsula (more than nine centuries). The markers analyzed have …
Seventy-three nuclear DNA polymorphisms in a Spanish population and a comparison with ten other populations
An anthropologically well-defined Spanish sample from La Alpujarra (SE Spain) was analyzed for 73 nuclear DNA polymorphisms. The population was chosen on the basis of available information on its history and demographic characteristics making it suitable for comparisons with data from North African populations. The Moslem invasion in this area was longer than anywhere in the Iberian Peninsula (more than nine centuries). The markers analyzed have …
Stillbirth Pattern in an Isolated Mediterranean Population
This study attempted to analyze the effect of several factors on the stillbirth pattern in a relatively isolated rural population, La Alpujarra (Spain), during the first half of the 20th century. The study was a retrospective analysis from a total sample of 2199 births to 525 mothers, allowing for birth year of mother, maternal age, parental inbreeding, family size, birth order, sex, single/twin delivery, and birth interval. Binomial probability …
Genetic relationships among Berbers and South Spaniards based on CD4 microsatellite/Alu haplotypes
A geographical gradient of Sub-Saharan gene contribution has been detected in North Africa. The Middle Atlas Berbers showed an intermediate value in comparison with the high and low values found in Mauritanians and Moroccan Berbers, respectively. The analysis of the CD4 STR/Alu haplotype variation failed to indicate any particular relationship between South Spaniards and North Africans
An unexpected wide population variation of the G1733A polymorphism of the androgen receptor gene
The androgen receptor (AR) has been proposed as a candidate gene for several cancers (breast, prostate, uterine endometrium, colon, and esophagus). Ethnicity is considered an associated risk factor for some of these cancers. Several case-control genetic studies have been focused in samples of the main ethnic groups, but little is known about the distribution of risk polymorphisms in current populations with accurate ethnic and/or geographic origi…
Reproductive Health Ethics
Factors Influencing Prereproductive Mortality in the Isolated and Preindustrial Western Mediterranean Population of La Alpujarra, 1900–1950
We study the effects of several variables on the prereproductive mortality pattern in the isolated and rural population of La Alpujarra, located on the western Mediterranean coast (southeast Spain), in the first half of the 20th century. The study is a retrospective analysis from a total sample of 2,200 deliveries, 2,085 of which were born alive and 171 of which did not survive to the 20th birthday. The potential influences of birthdate of childr…
Informed consent
This article dicusses informed consent (IC): its evolution, its main challenges, and its theoretical assumptions. This process involves the interrelation of IC with the history and evolution of research ethics, and with some abuses committed in biomedical research. The article also presents the objections to IC, especially those related to its implementation in developing countries. It also approaches the epistemological problems and those relate…
Consentimento livre e esclarecido
This article dicusses informed consent (IC): its evolution, its main challenges, and its theoretical assumptions. This process involves the interrelation of IC with the history and evolution of research ethics, and with some abuses committed in biomedical research. The article also presents the objections to IC, especially those related to its implementation in developing countries. It also approaches the epistemological problems and those relate…
Research in Developing Countries
This article examines the problems that research ethics confronts in developing countries and the impact that research in developing countries has had on research ethics. In order to show this it analyzes the first paradigmatic cases that gave rise to the ‘classic’ analysis of research ethics. Hence, in this article, many of the ethical concerns apply wherever research is conducted and are not particular to developing countries. Secondly, the art…
Elucidating the concept of vulnerability
In this article I examine several criticisms of the concept of vulnerability. Rather than rejecting the concept, however, I argue that a sufficiently rich understanding of vulnerability is essential to bioethics. The challenges of international research in developing countries require an understanding of how new vulnerabilities arise from conditions of economic, social and political exclusion. A serious shortcoming of current conceptions of vulne…
On Moral Incoherence and Hidden Battles
In this article, the authors focus on Argentina's activity in the developing field of regenerative medicine, specifically stem cell research. They take as a starting point a recent article by Shawn Harmon (published in this journal) who argues that attempts to regulate the practice in Argentina are morally incoherent. The authors try to show first, that there is no such ‘attempt to legislate’ on stem cell research in Argentina and this is due to …
A Study Using Demographic Data of Genetic Drift and Natural Selection in an Isolated Mediterranean Community
Natural selection and genetic drift are two evolutionary mechanisms that can be analysed in human populations using their fertility and mortality patterns, and their reproductive size and isolation, respectively. This paper analyses the models of natural selection and genetic drift in Bayárcal, south-east Spain, and compares them with the observed models in the rest of the Alpujarran region. Demographic data were obtained from a sample of 77 fami…
The authors reply
Political science (22 works) · Law (17 works) · Sociology (17 works) · Population (16 works) · Demography (15 works) · Biology (14 works) · Ethics in Clinical Research (14 works) · Ethics in medical practice (13 works) · Computer Science (11 works) · Geography (11 works)