Paul B Stretesky
Biographic Data
| ID | 126405 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Paul B Stretesky |
| GIVEN NAMES | Paul B |
| FAMILY NAME | Stretesky |
| SIGNATURE | STRETESKY P B |
| AFFILIATIONS | Northumbria University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5927-1882 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 79 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 475 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 78 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1998 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 13 |
A quasi-experimental study to explore the association between nutritional education within the Holiday Activities and Food programme and related outcomes for children
Objective: Across school and community-based contexts, nutritional education interventions are often associated with improvements in a range of food-related and health-related outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the nutritional education component of the Holiday Activities and Food (HAF) programme in England was similarly associated with changes in these outcomes for children who attend. Design: A quasi-experimental, mixed-…
Neoliberalism and Insecurity in Advanced Capitalism
This book examines the relationship between neoliberalism and insecurity, beginning with the post‐World War II period and continuing up through the present. Neoliberalism – the dominant political economic perspective that elevates competition above all else at both the structural and individual levels – has increased the amount of insecurity (e.g., food, energy, job) across the world. It provides a theoretical and empirical analysis of how and wh…
A study comparing positive benefits for parents, and their children, of children attending the UK’s holiday activities and food program to parents of non-attendees
The Holiday Activities and Food (HAF) is a UK Department for Education (DfE) funded program that provides free food and activities for 5–16-year-olds in receipt of means-tested free school meals. This evaluation focuses on parent/caregiver perceptions of HAF benefits during the 2021 and 2022 school holidays for a sample of parents/caregivers whose children attended HAF ( n = 736) and a sample who did not attend HAF ( n = 885). The results show th…
The Influence of Authoritarian Beliefs on Support for Transgender Rights in the UK
In the UK one can barely turn the page of a newspaper without coming across some article written about transgender people. Such articles rarely tend to be trans ‐supportive. Sensational stories about trans women invading women's spaces, appropriating female “sex‐based rights”, and trans women dominating women's sports can be found in print, online, and on television. What is happening in the UK is somewhat paradoxical. On the one hand, the countr…
Neoliberalism, World-System Position, and Biodiversity Loss
Several studies provide evidence that social, economic, political, and conservation-related factors impact cross-national biodiversity loss. One theoretical argument concerning biodiversity loss that has not been directly assessed involves the relationship between species loss and neoliberalism. Generally, neoliberalism promotes free markets. This has become a dominant philosophy across nations (though the strength of neoliberalism varies cross-n…
A survey of nutritional education within the Holiday Activities and Food programme across England
Background: Nutritional education is a mandatory component of the Holiday Activities and Food (HAF) programme in England, yet there is a paucity of literature exploring how this component is delivered. The aim of this study was therefore to explore the delivery, content, dose and perceived impacts of nutritional education, at the HAF club level, across England. Methods: = 147) from across England. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics a…
Predicting food insecurity among UK university students during the Covid-19 pandemic
Objective: The present study investigated potential predictors of food insecurity among UK university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design: Close-ended questionnaire administered to a cross-sectional sample of UK university students. Setting: Data were collected using an online survey platform in October 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants: A nationally representative sample of UK university students ( n 640). Results: Odds …
Anti-fracking protests and compliance with police: An examination of public opinion in the Anthropocene
Few studies that investigate public views about compliance with police consider the environmental movement. The present study helps fill this gap in the literature by investigating attitudes about protester compliance with police at anti-fracking protests. Study data come from a representative sample of adults living in the United Kingdom ( n = 1051). Multivariate findings generated by ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and structural equati…
Food Insecurity Among U.K. Veterans
This research compares food insecurity for U.K. veterans and nonveterans using the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) 10-item Adult Food Security Survey Module (AFSSM) for a sample of 1,492 participants. We find 1 in 10 veterans are living in a food-insecure household but that veteran status is not related to food insecurity. In addition, income and housing benefits are correlated with food insecurity for veterans and for nonveterans,…
Proximity to anti-fracking protests: Public Attitudes About Disruption and Hydraulic-Fracturing Risks
Research on protest proximity and public attitudes about protests is limited. This study examines the association between proximity to anti-fracking protests, attitudes about protest disruption and perceptions about hydraulic fracturing risks. Data used to examine these associations are based on a representative sample of UK adults, some of whom reside in communities where sustained direct-action anti-fracking protests occur. Across the sample of…
Handbook on Inequality and the Environment
This innovative Handbook provides a comprehensive treatment of the complex relationship between inequality and the environment and illustrates the myriad ways in which they intersect. Featuring over 30 contributions from leading experts in the field, it explores the ways in which inequality impacts three of the most pressing contemporary environmental issues: climate change, natural resource extraction, and food insecurity.
The Role of Institutional Trust in Industry, Government, and Regulators in Shaping Perceptions of Risk Associated with Hydraulic Fracturing in the United Kingdom
This study draws upon concepts of institutional trust and expendability to examine perceptions of risk associated with hydraulic fracturing or 'fracking.' To study trust and risk, we collected data from a nationally representative sample of U.K. residents and analyzed it using multivariate regression. Perceptions of trust are measured for the oil and gas industry, central government, local government, and regulators while perceived risks are meas…
The Climate Change-Temperature-Crime Hypothesis: Evidence from a Sample of 15 Large US Cities, 2002 to 2015
Drawing on prior studies, green criminologists have hypothesized that climate change will both raise the mean temperature and the level of crime. We call this the “climate change-temperature-crime hypothesis” (“CC-T-C”). This hypothesis is an extension of research performed on temperature and crime at the individual level. Other research explores this relationship by testing for the relationship between seasonality and crime within a given period…
An Exploration of Nutritional Education within the Holiday Activities and Food Programme in England
Nutritional education is a recent, mandatory inclusion within the quality standards framework for the Holiday Activities and Food (HAF) programme in England; funded by the Department for Education (DfE). Whilst research has been conducted regarding nutritional education in other contexts, such as schools and community organisations, to the authors' knowledge, no published research has yet explored nutritional education within HAF. The current stu…
Mental Well-Being in UK Higher Education During Covid-19: Do Students Trust Universities and the Government
This paper draws upon the concept of recreancy to examine the mental well-being of university students during the Covid-19 pandemic. Briefly, recreancy is loss of societal trust that results when institutional actors can no longer be counted on to perform their responsibilities. Our study of mental well-being and recreancy focuses on the role of universities and government regulators within the education sector. We surveyed 600 UK students attend…
Climate Change, Temperature, and Homicide: A Tale of Two Cities, 1895–2015
It has been argued that the temperature increase caused by anthropogenic climate change will produce a significant increase in violent crime. Support for that prediction is often based on statistical analyses of seasonal temperature and crime data cycles across days, months, and quarters and sometimes on large geographic areas. Within-year temperature changes are very large, however, relative to the 30-yr temperature increases employed to measure…
Shale gas development and crime: A review of the literature
Shale Gas Development and Community Distress: Evidence from England
This research examines psychosocial stress associated with shale gas development through the narratives of residents and the Revised Impact of Event Scale (IES-R). We carried out our research in three of England's communities impacted by shale gas development. To gather data, we conducted qualitative interviews and engaged in participant observation in all three communities and conducted a quantitative survey of residents. From our qualitative in…
Wildlife officer enforcement activities in Colorado, 2005-2014
Despite three decades of research into green/environmental crime, little is known about the enforcement activities of conservation officers (COs). What is known about CO behavior has been compiled from small samples and qualitative studies. Addressing this limitation, this study examined 10 years of wildlife enforcement data from the Colorado Parks and Wildlife Department (CPW; 2005–2014). In contrast to qualitative studies of CO behaviors, this …
Holiday Clubs as Community Organizations
Holiday clubs-publicly or privately operated organizations that provide child care services and healthy food to disadvantaged children in the United Kingdom (UK) when schools are not in session-are increasing in number. We know a good deal about the effectiveness of the clubs in terms of nutrition-related outcomes, but little is known about the anti-poverty resources these holiday clubs may provide. The possibility that club funding may be centra…
The Treadmill of Production and the Treadmill of Law: Propositions for Analyzing Law, Ecological Disorganization and Crime
Treadmill of production (ToP) arguments have significant implications for the study of environmental crime. A current limitation of those arguments involves their application to environmental law and its enforcement. We argue that a treadmill of law (ToL) shapes and maintains production through lawmaking and enforcement practices, issues that have yet to receive significant attention in the ToP literature. To illustrate the connection between the…
Measuring the Ecological Impact of the Wealthy: Excessive Consumption, Ecological Disorganization, Green Crime, and Justice
Ecological disorganization stemming from conspicuous consumption practices is understudied in the social sciences. In this analysis, we study conspicuous consumption and its implications for environmental sociology, ecological footprint analysis, and green criminology. We examine the issue of conspicuous consumption through the study of items that increase the ecological footprint considerably, that is, through the consumption of “luxury commodit…
Environmental crime prosecutions in Ireland, 2004–2014
Despite increased interest in environmental crime and green criminology, few studies address the use of criminal penalties in response to environmental crimes. A handful of published examples employ data from the United States or the Flanders court system, and little is known about how other nations punish environmental violations. Addressing this issue, the current study examined the use of criminal environmental penalties in Ireland from 2004 t…
Exploring the Relationship between Neoliberalism and Homicide: A Cross-National Perspective
Research has shown that neoliberal economic policies may increase violence. In this study we extend this logic to create a “neoliberalism-homicide hypothesis.” We test this hypothesis using two global measures of neoliberalism (the Economic Freedom of the World Index and the Index of Economic Freedom) and 2014 homicide rates for 142 nations. Regression analysis provides little support for the neoliberalism-homicide hypothesis using the global ind…
The Great Recession, the Treadmill of Production and Ecological Disorganization: Did the Recession Decrease Toxic Releases Across US States, 2005–2014
Environmental Justice: An Analysis of Superfund Sites in Florida
Environmental Justice: An Analysis of Superfund Sites in Florida Get access Paul Stretesky, Paul Stretesky Direct all correspondence to Paul Stretesky, College of Liberal Arts, Department of Criminal Justice, Rochester Institute of Technology, 93 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, New York 14607 (e-mail: [email protected]). Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael J. Hogan Michael J. Hogan Search for other…
Determinants of Environmental Law Violation Fines Against Petroleum Refineries: Race, Ethnicity, Income, and Aggregation Effects
In this work we determine whether monetary penalties assessed against petroleum refineries for violation of the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, and/or the Resource Conservation and/or Recovery Act differ depending upon the racial, ethnic, and income characteristics of communities surrounding the penalized refinery. Our sample consists of all monetary penalties assessed between April 2001 and April 2003 (n = 206). We find mixed evidence of inequal…
Is it a Crime to Produce Ecological Disorganization? Why Green Criminology and Political Economy Matter in the Analysis of Global Ecological Harms
We argue in this paper for a political economic approach to the study of global ecological crimes. Green criminological studies often employ case study approaches which help explain a particular green crime; however, these studies lack a coherent theoretical basis. Based on ecological Marxism and treadmill of production approaches, we outline a theoretical approach for green criminology that focuses on crimes of ecological disorganization—that is…
Gang-Related Gun Violence: Socialization, Identity, and Self
Few studies have examined how violent norms are transmitted in street gangs. The purpose of this research is to add to the gang-related literature by examining socialization as the mechanism between street gang membership and violence. To explore this issue, we draw upon in-depth interviews with twenty-two inmates convicted of gang-related gun violence. We find that the gangs are important agents of socialization that help shape a gang member's s…
The Weak Probability of Punishment for Environmental Offenses and Deterrence of Environmental Offenders: A Discussion Based on Usepa Criminal Cases, 1983–2013
Numerous studies observe a decrease in environmental crimes following imposition of fines or penalties potentially due to general and specific deterrent effects. Here we explore whether those deterrent effects appear plausible by estimating the probability of a USEPA criminal case occurring each year between 1983 through 2013. Our analysis shows that there is an extremely low probability of an environmental crime case being prosecuted criminally …
Environmental Hazards and School Segregation in Hillsborough County, Florida, 1987-1999
This article draws upon the political economy and urban ecology of race perspectives to examine trends in school segregation for schools located various distances from environmental hazards. We study trends in segregation among eighty-four public grade schools between the years of 1987 and 1999 in the Hillsborough County (Florida) School District. After controlling for the percentage of students eligible for free lunch, we find that grade schools…
A cross-national study of the association between per capita carbon dioxide emissions and exports to the United States
Corporate Self‐policing and the Environment
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Self‐Policing Policy (more commonly referred to as the Audit Policy) waives or reduces penalties when regulated entities voluntarily discover, disclose, and correct environmental violations. This study draws upon a rational choice model of corporate crime to determine if traditional regulatory efforts such as inspections and enforcement actions are associated with the odds of disclosing an environmental …
Toxic Crimes: Examining Corporate Victimization of the General Public Employing Medical and Epidemiological Evidence
Green criminology and native peoples: The treadmill of production and the killing of indigenous environmental activists
During the development of green criminology, little attention has been paid to how Indigenous/Native Peoples (INP) are victimized by green crime and how they employ environmental activism to resist externally imposed ecological destruction. In the past decade, news services and environmental interest groups have reported on the killing of INP environmental activists who have resisted ecological destruction across the world. Here, we begin to deve…
Retrospective Accounts of Violent Events by Gun Offenders
Mills (1940 Mills , C. Wright . 1940 . " Situated Actions and Vocabularies of Motive. " American Sociological Review 5 ( 6 ): 904 – 913 . [CSA] [CROSSREF] [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) argues that there is a sharp distinction between "causes" and "explanations" or "accounts." In this study we employ Scott and Lyman's (1968 Scott , Marvin B. and Stanford M. , Lyman 1968 . " Accounts. " American Sociological Review 33 ( 1 ): 46 – 61 . [INFOTRIEVE]…
The Relationship between Lead and Crime
This study investigates the association between air-lead levels and crime rates across 2,772 U.S. counties. Data for the analysis come from the Environmental Protection Agency, the Bureau of Census, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Results suggest that air-lead levels have a direct effect on property and violent crime rates even after adjusting for general levels of air pollution and several structural covariates of crime. We also find th…
Camouflage-Collar Crime: An Examination of Wildlife Crime and Characteristics of Offenders in Florida
Fish and wildlife crime is an understudied area of criminology and criminal justice and when it is the focus of research, studies tend to be characterized by small samples and a lack of multivariate analyses. This study examines the nature and extent of cited fish and wildlife offenses and characteristics of offenders through quantitative analysis of 15,657 incidents of cited fish and wildlife offenses in Florida. The results indicate that a viab…
The Distribution of Air Lead Levels Across U.S. Counties: Implications for the Production of Racial Inequality
This work draws upon previous studies of environmental inequity to investigate the distribution of estimated air lead concentrations across 3,111 U.S. counties. Data for this research come from the U.S. Census Bureau's 1990 Census of Population and Housing: Summary Tape File 3A and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's 1990 Cumulative Exposure Project . Findings from OLS and WLS regression suggest that air lead concentrations are associated …
The Neglect of Quantitative Research in Green Criminology and Its Consequences
Rejection, Humiliation, and Parole: A Study of Parolees' Perspectives
Research on status rejection has developed considerably over the past two decades and is applied in a number of different settings to better understand criminal and deviant behavior. Our research contributes to that body of work by examining the ways in which status rejection may create a potentially humiliating dynamic for individuals on parole. Specifically, we use in-depth interviews with parolees to illustrate how the parolee identity can pro…
Coal Strip Mining, Mountaintop Removal, and the Distribution of Environmental Violations across the United States, 2002–2008
This study draws upon concepts in landscape research and environmental justice to examine the association between community poverty and environmental violations that occurred between 2002 and 2008 across 110 coal strip mining operations located within the United States. Multivariate results suggest that residential poverty is greater around facilities that have been identified as violating an environmental law. In addition, the association betwee…
Exploring the Relationship between Neoliberalism and Homicide: A Cross-National Perspective
Research has shown that neoliberal economic policies may increase violence. In this study we extend this logic to create a “neoliberalism-homicide hypothesis.” We test this hypothesis using two global measures of neoliberalism (the Economic Freedom of the World Index and the Index of Economic Freedom) and 2014 homicide rates for 142 nations. Regression analysis provides little support for the neoliberalism-homicide hypothesis using the global ind…
Campaign Contributions, Post-War Reconstruction Contracts, and State Crime
This article presents a case-control study of the relationship between Federal-level campaign contributions, corporate political connections, and the awarding of post-war reconstruction contracts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Cases are 135 companies that received post-war contracts and controls are 135 randomly selected companies matched on industry. Results reveal that both campaign contributions and political connections significantly increase a com…
Foreign Direct Investment, Ecological Withdrawals, and Natural-Resource-Dependent Economies
This article examines the relationships between foreign direct investment (FDI) and natural resource depletion and natural resource rents for a longitudinal (2005–2013: N = 125 nations) sample of less developed countries (LDCs). Theoretically, we argue that FDI contributes to increased ecological withdrawals and dependence on the natural resource sector for economic growth within countries. We hypothesized that LDCs with higher levels of FDI woul…
The Treadmill of Production and the Treadmill of Law: Propositions for Analyzing Law, Ecological Disorganization and Crime
Treadmill of production (ToP) arguments have significant implications for the study of environmental crime. A current limitation of those arguments involves their application to environmental law and its enforcement. We argue that a treadmill of law (ToL) shapes and maintains production through lawmaking and enforcement practices, issues that have yet to receive significant attention in the ToP literature. To illustrate the connection between the…
The Founding of Environmental Justice Organizations Across U.S. Counties during the 1990s and 2000s: Civil Rights and Environmental Cross-Movement Effects
This research expands upon organizational ecology theory to examine variations in founding of organizations in the formalized sector of the environmental justice movement across U.S. counties for two time periods (1990—1999 and 2000—2008). Cross-movement effects are examined to determine if founding is more or less likely to occur in counties where related civil rights and environmental organizations are located. Consistent with the notion of agg…
Measuring the Ecological Impact of the Wealthy: Excessive Consumption, Ecological Disorganization, Green Crime, and Justice
Ecological disorganization stemming from conspicuous consumption practices is understudied in the social sciences. In this analysis, we study conspicuous consumption and its implications for environmental sociology, ecological footprint analysis, and green criminology. We examine the issue of conspicuous consumption through the study of items that increase the ecological footprint considerably, that is, through the consumption of “luxury commodit…
Does self-policing reduce chemical emissions
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Self-Policing Policy (more commonly referred to as the Audit Policy) waives or reduces penalties when companies voluntarily discover, disclose, and correct environmental violations. One goal of the Audit Policy is to encourage companies to conduct environmental audits in order to identify poor environmental performance. Thus, the regulatory flexibility associated with the Audit Policy should reduce subse…
Environmental Inequity: An Analysis of Large-Scale Hog Operations in 17 States, 1982-1997
This study extends ideas of environmental equity to large-scale hog operations. We investigate counties in 17 hog producing states to determine whether large-scale hog operations are more likely to be sited and expanded in areas that have a disproportionate number of Black, Hispanic, and/or economically disadvantaged residents. The data for this work come from the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Bureau of Census. We discover evidence …
Environmental Justice: An Analysis of Superfund Sites in Florida
Environmental Justice: An Analysis of Superfund Sites in Florida Get access Paul Stretesky, Paul Stretesky Direct all correspondence to Paul Stretesky, College of Liberal Arts, Department of Criminal Justice, Rochester Institute of Technology, 93 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, New York 14607 (e-mail: [email protected]). Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael J. Hogan Michael J. Hogan Search for other…
Columbine and student perceptions of safety
Toxic Crimes: Examining Corporate Victimization of the General Public Employing Medical and Epidemiological Evidence
Environmental Hazards and School Segregation in Hillsborough County, Florida, 1987-1999
This article draws upon the political economy and urban ecology of race perspectives to examine trends in school segregation for schools located various distances from environmental hazards. We study trends in segregation among eighty-four public grade schools between the years of 1987 and 1999 in the Hillsborough County (Florida) School District. After controlling for the percentage of students eligible for free lunch, we find that grade schools…
The Distribution of Air Lead Levels Across U.S. Counties: Implications for the Production of Racial Inequality
This work draws upon previous studies of environmental inequity to investigate the distribution of estimated air lead concentrations across 3,111 U.S. counties. Data for this research come from the U.S. Census Bureau's 1990 Census of Population and Housing: Summary Tape File 3A and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's 1990 Cumulative Exposure Project . Findings from OLS and WLS regression suggest that air lead concentrations are associated …
Chemical Accidents in the United States, 1990–1996
Objective. Much of the empirical work on environmental justice centers on the geographic distribution of potential chronic health risks (e.g., planned toxic releases or treatment storage and disposal facilities). Far less attention has been devoted to the geographic distribution of acute health risks that cause immediate harm. The purpose of this work is to examine environmental justice in terms of potential acute health risks by examining the di…
Chemical Accidents in the United States, 1990-1996
Environmental Inequity: An Analysis of Large-Scale Hog Operations in 17 States, 1982-1997
This study extends ideas of environmental equity to large-scale hog operations. We investigate counties in 17 hog producing states to determine whether large-scale hog operations are more likely to be sited and expanded in areas that have a disproportionate number of Black, Hispanic, and/or economically disadvantaged residents. The data for this work come from the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Bureau of Census. We discover evidence …
Slippery Business: Race, Class, and Legal Determinants of Penalties Against Petroleum Refineries
This study examines whether petroleum refineries that violate environmental laws in Black, Hispanic, and low-income communities tend to receive smaller fines than those refineries in White and affluent communities. The sample consists of all petroleum refinery facilities fined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) between 1998 and 1999 for violating the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, and/or the Resource Conservation and Recovery …
Determinants of Environmental Law Violation Fines Against Petroleum Refineries: Race, Ethnicity, Income, and Aggregation Effects
In this work we determine whether monetary penalties assessed against petroleum refineries for violation of the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, and/or the Resource Conservation and/or Recovery Act differ depending upon the racial, ethnic, and income characteristics of communities surrounding the penalized refinery. Our sample consists of all monetary penalties assessed between April 2001 and April 2003 (n = 206). We find mixed evidence of inequal…
The Relationship between Lead and Crime
This study investigates the association between air-lead levels and crime rates across 2,772 U.S. counties. Data for the analysis come from the Environmental Protection Agency, the Bureau of Census, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Results suggest that air-lead levels have a direct effect on property and violent crime rates even after adjusting for general levels of air pollution and several structural covariates of crime. We also find th…
Self-Policing and the Environment: Predicting Self-Disclosure of Clean Air Act Violations Under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Audit Policy
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Self-Policing or Audit Policy waives or reduces penalties when regulated entities voluntarily discover, disclose, and correct environmental violations. This study uses a case-control design to determine if traditional regulatory efforts, organizational factors, and/or case characteristics are associated with the odds of disclosing a Clean Air Act violation under the policy. The results suggest that Audit…
Segregation and school disorder
This investigation extends research on racial and ethnic segregation, poverty, and crime rates to schools. We study 371 high schools in Florida to determine whether poverty mediates the relationship between segregation and rates of school disorder. The data for this work come from the Florida Department of Education and the National Center for Educational Statistics. Consistent with previous studies of racial segregation and crime, we find that s…
Corporate Self‐policing and the Environment
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Self‐Policing Policy (more commonly referred to as the Audit Policy) waives or reduces penalties when regulated entities voluntarily discover, disclose, and correct environmental violations. This study draws upon a rational choice model of corporate crime to determine if traditional regulatory efforts such as inspections and enforcement actions are associated with the odds of disclosing an environmental …
Retrospective Accounts of Violent Events by Gun Offenders
Mills (1940 Mills , C. Wright . 1940 . " Situated Actions and Vocabularies of Motive. " American Sociological Review 5 ( 6 ): 904 – 913 . [CSA] [CROSSREF] [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) argues that there is a sharp distinction between "causes" and "explanations" or "accounts." In this study we employ Scott and Lyman's (1968 Scott , Marvin B. and Stanford M. , Lyman 1968 . " Accounts. " American Sociological Review 33 ( 1 ): 46 – 61 . [INFOTRIEVE]…
Campaign Contributions, Post-War Reconstruction Contracts, and State Crime
This article presents a case-control study of the relationship between Federal-level campaign contributions, corporate political connections, and the awarding of post-war reconstruction contracts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Cases are 135 companies that received post-war contracts and controls are 135 randomly selected companies matched on industry. Results reveal that both campaign contributions and political connections significantly increase a com…
The Relationship Between Postwar Reconstruction Contracts and Political Donations: The Case in Afghanistan and Iraq
This research examines the relationship between postwar reconstruction contracts in Iraq and Afghanistan and subsequent federal – level election campaign contributions using a case control design. The cases represent all companies that received postwar contracts and are matched with a random sample of companies that did not receive postwar contracts. Regression results suggest that, even after controlling for previous federal-level election campa…
Prisonization and accounts of gun carrying
Gang-Related Gun Violence: Socialization, Identity, and Self
Few studies have examined how violent norms are transmitted in street gangs. The purpose of this research is to add to the gang-related literature by examining socialization as the mechanism between street gang membership and violence. To explore this issue, we draw upon in-depth interviews with twenty-two inmates convicted of gang-related gun violence. We find that the gangs are important agents of socialization that help shape a gang member's s…
Guns, Violence, and Criminal Behavior: The Offender’s Perspective
An Analysis of the “Path of Least Resistance” Argument in Three Environmental Justice Success Cases
Research suggests that environmental hazards tend to be disproportionately sited in poor and minority neighborhoods. Recent findings indicate that the greatest environmental inequalities may have been related to the 1970s “not in my backyard” movement and the “path of least resistance.” The purpose of this research is to expand upon the “path of least resistance” perspective by looking at three environmental justice success cases. In each case co…
Does self-policing reduce chemical emissions
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Self-Policing Policy (more commonly referred to as the Audit Policy) waives or reduces penalties when companies voluntarily discover, disclose, and correct environmental violations. One goal of the Audit Policy is to encourage companies to conduct environmental audits in order to identify poor environmental performance. Thus, the regulatory flexibility associated with the Audit Policy should reduce subse…
A cross-national study of the association between per capita carbon dioxide emissions and exports to the United States
Do Conservation Organizations Influence the Production of Natural Resource Violations
This research extends the study of natural resource violations by examining the association between conservation organizations and the enforcement of natural resource violations across 67 Florida counties in 2006. Specifically, the authors look at natural resource violations as an organizational outcome that is influenced by perceived community organization around environmental conservation. To do this, they examine the association between the nu…
Sense-making and secondary victimization among unsolved homicide co-victims
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