O A Barbarin
Biographic Data
| ID | 1308 |
|---|---|
| NAME | O A Barbarin |
| GIVEN NAMES | O A |
| FAMILY NAME | Barbarin |
| SIGNATURE | BARBARIN O A |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Michigan |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3075-2986 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 61 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 610 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 61 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1978 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
Black boys unchained: Removing the constraints of racial disparities in discipline at school
has contributed significantly to scholarly discourse on race and racism especially in its coverage of issues related to the development and well-being of Black boys (BB) and men. Although disparate rates of exclusionary discipline for BB have been widely recognized as a problem, efforts to reduce them have failed. Because exclusion has negative consequences and is ineffective in changing behavior, it should be used rarely or not at all. This arti…
Complicated Grief During Covid-19: An International Perspective
Cultures across the globe have evolved time-tested rituals to honor those who die and offer solace and support to survivors with the goal of helping them to accept the reality of the death, cope with the feelings of loss, adjust to life without the deceased, and find ways to maintain a connection to the memory of the deceased. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted these rituals and brought significant changes to the way we mourn. Specifically, publ…
A Global Perspective on Psychologists' and Their Organizations' Response to a World Crisis
Around the world, individual psychologists have stepped up to deliver essential services to address the social and emotional sequelae of the COVID-19 pandemic. Many psychological organizations have also responded to this public health crisis, though their efforts may be less widely recognized. Psychological organizations engaged in preventive and mitigation efforts targeted, among others, the general public, local communities, and high-risk group…
Psychological science and Covid-19: An agenda for social action
This report summarizes what is known about the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and proposes ways for psychology organizations to engage in addressing pandemic-related challenges. A stress and coping framework is used to describe key factors that account for mental health difficulties resulting from the stress of pandemics including the pandemic course, political leadership and public response, cumulative stressors, risk and protecti…
Promoting social justice for African-American boys and young men through research and intervention: A challenge for developmental science
A social justice analysis of the circumstances of African-American boys and young men (AAB) reveals a pervasive pattern of negative stereotypes, disparate treatment, and resource deprivation that augur poorly for their development. Developmental science has yielded many insights about the deleterious sequelae of racism and economic disadvantage, but much less is known about AAB coping and adaptation. Adaptive Calibration and Positive Youth Develo…
Understanding development of African American boys and young men: Moving from risks to positive youth development
African American boys and young men in the United States face challenges unique to being a male and an ethnic minority in our society. Despite the marginalization of African American boys and young men, this article argues that African American boys and young men, like other individuals, are in large proportion able to overcome adversity and utilize positive youth development assets and resources, and that focusing on capabilities and strengths i…
Creating auspicious conditions for positive youth development in communities of color
Representations of young people in the national media conjure unsavory images of urban youth as out of control, emotionally labile, unmotivated, and unwilling to take responsibility for their actions. Moreover, young persons of color are often represented in stories about failing high schools in which students fall behind peers in skills and seem to be incapable of overcoming problems at home or to benefit from instruction at school. Dominant nar…
Overcoming the educational disadvantages of poor children: How much do teacher preparation, workload, and expectations matter
This article reviews data on aspects of the learning environment most closely associated with successful development of early academic competence, compares children from low socioeconomic backgrounds to children with higher socioeconomic status (SES) on access to academically auspicious environments, and uses the findings to identify promising targets for social innovations aimed at improving the educational prospects of poor children
Editing on the edge in Denver, New Orleans, and Williamston—and soon in Dallas and Lincoln, too
This editorial provides a farewell from the coeditors of the American Journal of Orthopsychiatry
Raising African American boys: An exploration of gender and racial socialization practices
Although parental socialization practices are critical to a child's social development, little is known of the details of how parental practices function to meet the specific challenges of supporting young boys' development as African American and men. Accordingly, this article offers a window onto how 15 parents of African American boys (ages 3-8) conceive and implement strategies for their sons' social and emotional development. Using ethnograp…
A longitudinal examination of socioemotional learning in African American and Latino boys across the transition from pre‐K to kindergarten
Questions about socioemotional learning in boys of color (BOC) arise in light of the disproportionate rates of school adjustment difficulties BOC experience by adolescence. Socioemotional competence in BOC is assessed in terms of self-regulation, interpersonal skills, and positive relationships with peers and teachers when they enter pre-K. Changes in competence are tracked until the end of kindergarten. Teachers from randomly selected early chil…
The relation of dialogic, control, and racial socialization practices to early academic and social competence: Effects of gender, ethnicity, and family socioeconomic status
This research tests the relations of parental practices to child competence and assertions that practices differ by gender of the child. Home-based interviews and structured observations of parent-child interactions were conducted with an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of families (N = 501) whose 4-year-old children were served in public prekindergarten. Study data confirmed the importance of parental practices for children's aca…
Development of social‐emotional competence in boys of color: A cross‐sectional cohort analysis from pre‐K to second grade
This article explores the development of psychosocial competence in boys of color (BOC; 226 African Americans and 109 Latinos). Changes in competence were assessed over 2 years in cohorts of low-income BOC beginning in pre-K, kindergarten, or first grade. Psycho-social competence was assessed in terms of self-regulation, interpersonal skills, and positive relationships with peers and teachers. Psycho-social and academic competence in literacy and…
From higher order thinking to higher order behavior: Exploring the relationship between early cognitive skills and social competence in Black boys
This study examines the relations of higher order (i.e., abstract) thinking (HOT) skills to specific domains of social competence in Black boys (n = 108) attending publicly sponsored prekindergarten (pre-K) programs. Data for the study were collected as part of the National Center for Early Development and Learning (NCEDL) Multi-State Study, a national, longitudinal study examining the quality and outcomes in a representative sample of publicly s…
Development of boys of color: An introduction
Socioemotional trajectories in Black boys between kindergarten and the fifth grade: The role of cognitive skills and family in promoting resiliency
Relatively little attention has been paid to emotional functioning of Black boys in contrast to the attention paid to externalizing problems, even though internalizing problems are strong predictors of later well-being. This study tests a multilevel risk model of emotional well-being assessing the relation of poverty, maternal functioning, and child cognitive competence to changes in Black boys' internalizing symptoms between kindergarten and the…
Adult outcomes as a function of an early childhood educational program: An Abecedarian Project follow-up
Adult (age 30) educational, economic, and social-emotional adjustment outcomes were investigated for participants in the Abecedarian Project, a randomized controlled trial of early childhood education for children from low-income families. Of the original 111 infants enrolled (98% African American), 101 took part in the age 30 follow-up. Primary indicators of educational level, economic status, and social adjustment were examined as a function of…
Children’s Classroom Engagement and School Readiness Gains in Prekindergarten
Child engagement in prekindergarten classrooms was examined using 2,751 children (mean age = 4.62) enrolled in public prekindergarten programs that were part of the Multi-State Study of Pre-Kindergarten and the State-Wide Early Education Programs Study. Latent class analysis was used to classify children into 4 profiles of classroom engagement: free play, individual instruction, group instruction, and scaffolded learning. Free play children exhib…
Home–school differences in beliefs, support, and control during public pre-kindergarten and their link to children's kindergarten readiness
Some old, some new
Halting African American boys' progression from pre-K to prison: What families, schools, and communities can do
The Relations of Observed Pre-K Classroom Quality Profiles to Children's Achievement and Social Competence
Research Findings: Recent evidence suggests that children benefit from pre-K programs in terms of both academic and social skills and that this growth is predicted by the quality of the interactions teachers have with students. Prior cluster analysis revealed 5 distinct quality profiles of teacher–child interactions in pre-kindergarten based on classroom observations of 692 teachers. In the present study, the links between these 5 quality profile…
How do pre-kindergarteners spend their time? Gender, ethnicity, and income as predictors of experiences in pre-kindergarten classrooms
Measures of Classroom Quality in Prekindergarten and Children’s Development of Academic, Language, and Social Skills
This study examined development of academic, language, and social skills among 4-year-olds in publicly supported prekindergarten (pre-K) programs in relation to 3 methods of measuring pre-K quality, which are as follows: (a) adherence to 9 standards of quality related to program infrastructure and design, (b) observations of the overall quality of classroom environments, and (c) observations of teachers’ emotional and instructional interactions w…
Predicting Child Outcomes at the End of Kindergarten from the Quality of Pre-Kindergarten Teacher–Child Interactions and Instruction
Publicly funded prekindergartens are programs that most states use to promote school readiness, especially of 4-year-old children at risk for academic problems due to poverty. Despite large public expenditures, these programs have not been widely evaluated. We examined 240 randomly selected pre-kindergarten programs in six states with mature programs that serve large numbers of children, and evaluated specific aspects of classroom quality and chi…
Ready to learn? Children's pre-academic achievement in pre-Kindergarten programs
Socioeconomic differences in reading trajectories: The contribution of family, neighborhood, and school contexts
In the present study, the authors use the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Cohort of 1998-1999, to examine the extent to which family, school, and neighborhood factors account for the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on children's early reading. Through the use of hierarchical linear modeling techniques, growth curve models were estimated to depict children's reading trajectories from kindergarten to 3rd grade. Family characte…
How do pre-kindergarteners spend their time? Gender, ethnicity, and income as predictors of experiences in pre-kindergarten classrooms
Are teachers’ education, major, and credentials related to classroom quality and children's academic gains in pre-kindergarten
Adult outcomes as a function of an early childhood educational program: An Abecedarian Project follow-up
Adult (age 30) educational, economic, and social-emotional adjustment outcomes were investigated for participants in the Abecedarian Project, a randomized controlled trial of early childhood education for children from low-income families. Of the original 111 infants enrolled (98% African American), 101 took part in the age 30 follow-up. Primary indicators of educational level, economic status, and social adjustment were examined as a function of…
Observed classroom quality profiles in state-funded pre-kindergarten programs and associations with teacher, program, and classroom characteristics
Coping and Resilience: Exploring the Inner Lives of African American Children
In contrast to the conclusions commonly drawnfrom media portrayals ofAfrican American children, the majority are not poorly adjusted. Many do weU even by traditional standards, such as mental health, high school graduation, and employment. Although the simultaneous pursuit of diverse research strategies is possible, the focus on problems such as delinquency and aggression has so dominated the national agenda that it has diverted resources awayfro…
Understanding development of African American boys and young men: Moving from risks to positive youth development
African American boys and young men in the United States face challenges unique to being a male and an ethnic minority in our society. Despite the marginalization of African American boys and young men, this article argues that African American boys and young men, like other individuals, are in large proportion able to overcome adversity and utilize positive youth development assets and resources, and that focusing on capabilities and strengths i…
Cultural Resources and Psychological Adjustment of African American Children: Effects of Spirituality and Racial Attribution
This study explored the relationship of a family's sociocultural resources to adjustment in a sample of low-income African American children from Ohio and Southeastern Michigan. Children of parents attending church at least weekly had fewer problems compared to those whose parents attended less frequently. Furthermore, the use of racial attributions to explain negative life outcomes was related to more frequent behavior problems. These data confi…
Behavioral, Emotional, and Academic Adjustment in a National Probability Sample of African American Children: Effects of Age, Gender, and Family Structure
The prevalence of developmental andpsychological disturbances amongAfrican American children often is estimatedfrom studies of the general population. In contrast, this study presents information obtainedfrom a nonclinical sample of 1,458 African American parents on the academic, behavioral, and socioemotional adjustment of their children. Symptoms comprising an agitation syndrome (restlessness, anxiety, and poor concentration) were most frequent…
Difficulties of Providing Help in a Crisis: Relationships Between Parents of Children with Cancer and Their Friends
Parents of children with cancer experience substantial stress over a long period of time. One way that parents cope with such stress is to seek social support from various sources, especially from close friends. Interviews with a sample of these parents, as well as with some of their close friends or informal “helpers,” illustrate the difficulties involved in both seeking and providing help in the midst of a crisis. Among the major difficulties p…
Indicators of Economic Status and Social Capital in South African Townships: What Do They Reveal About the Material and Social Conditions in Families of Poor Children
This article proposes a set of non-monetary indicators of material and social resources characterizing the childrearing environments of families in South African black urban townships. The selected indicators include adequacy of food, quality of housing, financial assets, consumer goods and social resources. The study reported in the article was carried out between 1990 and 1996. Through factor analyses two dimensions of social and economic statu…
Problem‐solving, resource utilization, and community involvement in a black and a white community
This study examines differences in use of resource networks and experience of community life as a function of racial composition of community and individuals" roles in the formal service system. Interviews were conducted with service providers and civically active and inactive residents (n = 102). Members of the black community reportedfewer community strengths, more service-related community deficits, and a greater reliance on informal resource …
Young adult outcomes of the Abecedarian and Care early childhood educational interventions
Emotional and Social Development of African American Children
Concerns about the development of African American children living in poverty most often center on academic, behavioral, and emotional functioning. Efforts to understand and to remedy thege concerns are giving rise to explorations of social and emotional development. Social development refers to the growth of abilities and dispositions that are the basis of emotional adjustment and competence in meeting the demands of the social environment. It i…
Economic Status, Community Danger and Psychological Problems Among South African Children
An extensive literature links community violence and poverty in the US to psychological difficulties in children. To test the cross-national generalizability of these relationships, 625 young, South African mothers residing in black townships with different levels of community danger and material hardship rated their 6-year-olds on emotional functioning and behavioral problems. Most mothers were African, employed and of low educational attainment…
Raising African American boys: An exploration of gender and racial socialization practices
Although parental socialization practices are critical to a child's social development, little is known of the details of how parental practices function to meet the specific challenges of supporting young boys' development as African American and men. Accordingly, this article offers a window onto how 15 parents of African American boys (ages 3-8) conceive and implement strategies for their sons' social and emotional development. Using ethnograp…
A longitudinal examination of socioemotional learning in African American and Latino boys across the transition from pre‐K to kindergarten
Questions about socioemotional learning in boys of color (BOC) arise in light of the disproportionate rates of school adjustment difficulties BOC experience by adolescence. Socioemotional competence in BOC is assessed in terms of self-regulation, interpersonal skills, and positive relationships with peers and teachers when they enter pre-K. Changes in competence are tracked until the end of kindergarten. Teachers from randomly selected early chil…
Stress, Coping, and Marital Functioning among Parents of Children with Cancer
In individual interviews and questionnaires, 32 married couples provide information regarding their experiences and strategies for coping with their children's cancer. This report examines the association between medical stress, personal coping strategies, coping strategies of spouses, congruence of the couple's coping patterns, and their assessments of marital functioning. Most informants report that family cohesion is strengthened by their expe…
Home–school differences in beliefs, support, and control during public pre-kindergarten and their link to children's kindergarten readiness
Ironic trends in the transition to peace: Criminal violence supplants political violence in terrorizing South African Blacks
Data from archival sources, representative national surveys, and a prospective study of the effects of urbanization are used to depict trends in violence and reactions of citizens during South Africa's transition to democracy. Violence has shifted in form from state-sponsored attacks on opponents of apartheid, to politically motivated inter-ethnic conflict, and finally to community violence classified as familial and criminal. Archival data show …
Enhancement of individual and community competence: The older adult as community worker
This paper presents an evaluation of a primary prevention program designed to enhance individual and community competence in older adult community workers and in community residents with whom they worked. A total of 22 community workers and 97 community residents participated in the study; 30 residents constituted as posttest-only control group. Pre-post changes included increased knowledge of community services among all participants, as well as…
The medical context of parental coping with childhood cancer
This research assessed the extent to which contextual factors, especially the medical context, are related to the use of specific coping strategies by 74 parents of surviving children with cancer. Parents reported that they coped reasonably well by using information-seeking, problem-solving, help-seeking, maintaining emotional balance, relying on religion, being optimistic, denying, and accepting. More highly educated parents tended to use proble…
The Social and Cultural Context of Coping with Sickle Cell Disease: III. Stress, Coping Tasks, Family Functioning, and Children's Adjustment
Conceptions of individual and family coping with sickle cell disease (SCD) must incorporate several disease and sociocultural factors. This article proposes an integrative model and tests the relative contribution of model parameters to the prediction of social, academic, and psychological adjustment of children with SCD. The individual coping and family functioning variables most highly predictive of the child's psychological outcomes (anxiety, …
Social risks and child development in South Africa: A nation's program to protect the human rights of children
Poverty, violence, social inequality, rapid urbanization, the HIV epidemic, and an erosion of traditional values create a challenging environment for development in South Africa. The nation has responded with a range of efforts to promote child welfare, often through efforts to strengthen family functioning. The nation's struggles, failures, and successes at safeguarding the developmental rights of children and providing for their needs offer les…
Enhancing Community Competence: A Model for Community Intervention
Problem‐solving, resource utilization, and community involvement in a black and a white community
This study examines differences in use of resource networks and experience of community life as a function of racial composition of community and individuals" roles in the formal service system. Interviews were conducted with service providers and civically active and inactive residents (n = 102). Members of the black community reportedfewer community strengths, more service-related community deficits, and a greater reliance on informal resource …
Families and households: An analysis of emergent needs and service innovation: Commentary on beaver, belsky, and waters
Enhancement of individual and community competence: The older adult as community worker
This paper presents an evaluation of a primary prevention program designed to enhance individual and community competence in older adult community workers and in community residents with whom they worked. A total of 22 community workers and 97 community residents participated in the study; 30 residents constituted as posttest-only control group. Pre-post changes included increased knowledge of community services among all participants, as well as…
Coping with ecological transitions by black families: A psychosocial model
This paper reviews the research on black families for the purpose of pinpointing specific issues relevant to coping with ecological transitions, i.e, stressful changes in role, condition, or setting (Bronfenbrenner, 1979). Models of coping are reviewed and specific criteria are proposed for a model of family coping. These include existence of a shared stressor, interaction of individual coping styles, and use of system-level constructs to describ…
Difficulties of Providing Help in a Crisis: Relationships Between Parents of Children with Cancer and Their Friends
Parents of children with cancer experience substantial stress over a long period of time. One way that parents cope with such stress is to seek social support from various sources, especially from close friends. Interviews with a sample of these parents, as well as with some of their close friends or informal “helpers,” illustrate the difficulties involved in both seeking and providing help in the midst of a crisis. Among the major difficulties p…
Stress, Coping, and Marital Functioning among Parents of Children with Cancer
In individual interviews and questionnaires, 32 married couples provide information regarding their experiences and strategies for coping with their children's cancer. This report examines the association between medical stress, personal coping strategies, coping strategies of spouses, congruence of the couple's coping patterns, and their assessments of marital functioning. Most informants report that family cohesion is strengthened by their expe…
Family Experience of Stigma in Childhood Cancer
The medical context of parental coping with childhood cancer
This research assessed the extent to which contextual factors, especially the medical context, are related to the use of specific coping strategies by 74 parents of surviving children with cancer. Parents reported that they coped reasonably well by using information-seeking, problem-solving, help-seeking, maintaining emotional balance, relying on religion, being optimistic, denying, and accepting. More highly educated parents tended to use proble…
Coping and Resilience: Exploring the Inner Lives of African American Children
In contrast to the conclusions commonly drawnfrom media portrayals ofAfrican American children, the majority are not poorly adjusted. Many do weU even by traditional standards, such as mental health, high school graduation, and employment. Although the simultaneous pursuit of diverse research strategies is possible, the focus on problems such as delinquency and aggression has so dominated the national agenda that it has diverted resources awayfro…
Behavioral, Emotional, and Academic Adjustment in a National Probability Sample of African American Children: Effects of Age, Gender, and Family Structure
The prevalence of developmental andpsychological disturbances amongAfrican American children often is estimatedfrom studies of the general population. In contrast, this study presents information obtainedfrom a nonclinical sample of 1,458 African American parents on the academic, behavioral, and socioemotional adjustment of their children. Symptoms comprising an agitation syndrome (restlessness, anxiety, and poor concentration) were most frequent…
Emotional and Social Development of African American Children
Concerns about the development of African American children living in poverty most often center on academic, behavioral, and emotional functioning. Efforts to understand and to remedy thege concerns are giving rise to explorations of social and emotional development. Social development refers to the growth of abilities and dispositions that are the basis of emotional adjustment and competence in meeting the demands of the social environment. It i…
Indicators of Economic Status and Social Capital in South African Townships: What Do They Reveal About the Material and Social Conditions in Families of Poor Children
This article proposes a set of non-monetary indicators of material and social resources characterizing the childrearing environments of families in South African black urban townships. The selected indicators include adequacy of food, quality of housing, financial assets, consumer goods and social resources. The study reported in the article was carried out between 1990 and 1996. Through factor analyses two dimensions of social and economic statu…
Ironic trends in the transition to peace: Criminal violence supplants political violence in terrorizing South African Blacks
Data from archival sources, representative national surveys, and a prospective study of the effects of urbanization are used to depict trends in violence and reactions of citizens during South Africa's transition to democracy. Violence has shifted in form from state-sponsored attacks on opponents of apartheid, to politically motivated inter-ethnic conflict, and finally to community violence classified as familial and criminal. Archival data show …
The Social and Cultural Context of Coping with Sickle Cell Disease: I. A Review of Biomedical and Psychosocial Issues
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is widely conceived in the United States as a group of blood disorders that principally affect African Americans. Although pain is its principal feature, strokes, lung problems, sepsis, anxiety, depression, impaired social functioning, and maladjustment at work are frequent concomitants. This article selectively reviews biomedical and psychosocial aspects of SCD related to pain assessment, medical treatment, genetic coun…
Adversity and psychosocial competence of South African children
Black children in South Africa commonly experience low socioeconomic status and community violence. Parents (N = 625) in a longitudinal study of urbanization responded to structured questionnaires related to resilience, affability, maturity, and school readiness of their six-year olds. SES was found to have an inverse and linear relation to competence at age six; the relationship to violence was curvilinear, with children from moderately safe com…
Do Parental Coping, Involvement, Religiosity, and Racial Identity Mediate Children's Psychological Adjustment to Sickle Cell Disease
Many African Americans with sickle cell disease (SCD) also experience significant economic hardship. Yet, few studies of the psychosocial effects of SCD employ designs robust enough to control socioeconomic factors. This study compares the functioning of families with SCD to that of healthy controls matched for race and socioeconomic status. In general, functioning within SCD and control families did not differ. However, parents granted less auto…
The Social and Cultural Context of Coping with Sickle Cell Disease: III. Stress, Coping Tasks, Family Functioning, and Children's Adjustment
Conceptions of individual and family coping with sickle cell disease (SCD) must incorporate several disease and sociocultural factors. This article proposes an integrative model and tests the relative contribution of model parameters to the prediction of social, academic, and psychological adjustment of children with SCD. The individual coping and family functioning variables most highly predictive of the child's psychological outcomes (anxiety, …
The Social and Cultural Context of Coping with Sickle Cell Disease: II. The Role of Financial Hardship in Adjustment to Sickle Cell Disease
Recent evidence on the negative psychological effects of poverty suggests that economic status alone might account for the adjustment problems attributed to sickle cell disease (SCD). The relationship of SCD and financial hardship to adjustment was examined in 327 ill children and their parents. SCD and hardship contributed independently to impaired child and parental functioning. For parents, illness severity had more negative effects than did f…
Dedication
This issue of the Journal of Black Psychology is dedicated to Kermit B
Exposure to violence, coping resources, and psychological adjustment of South African children
The effects of exposure to direct and vicarious political, family, and community violence on the adjustment of 625 six-year-old black South African children was examined. Ambient community violence was most consistently related to children's psychosocial outcomes. Resources in the form of individual child resilience, maternal coping, and positive family relationships were found to mitigate the adverse impact in all the assessed domains of childre…
Economic Status, Community Danger and Psychological Problems Among South African Children
An extensive literature links community violence and poverty in the US to psychological difficulties in children. To test the cross-national generalizability of these relationships, 625 young, South African mothers residing in black townships with different levels of community danger and material hardship rated their 6-year-olds on emotional functioning and behavioral problems. Most mothers were African, employed and of low educational attainment…
Cultural Resources and Psychological Adjustment of African American Children: Effects of Spirituality and Racial Attribution
This study explored the relationship of a family's sociocultural resources to adjustment in a sample of low-income African American children from Ohio and Southeastern Michigan. Children of parents attending church at least weekly had fewer problems compared to those whose parents attended less frequently. Furthermore, the use of racial attributions to explain negative life outcomes was related to more frequent behavior problems. These data confi…
Mandela's Children: Growing Up in Post-Apartheid South Africa
Social risks and child development in South Africa: A nation's program to protect the human rights of children
Poverty, violence, social inequality, rapid urbanization, the HIV epidemic, and an erosion of traditional values create a challenging environment for development in South Africa. The nation has responded with a range of efforts to promote child welfare, often through efforts to strengthen family functioning. The nation's struggles, failures, and successes at safeguarding the developmental rights of children and providing for their needs offer les…
Psychology (54 works) · Developmental psychology (41 works) · Early Childhood Education and Development (32 works) · Medicine (28 works) · Social Psychology (26 works) · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development (21 works) · Parental Involvement in Education (20 works) · Clinical Psychology (18 works) · Sociology (18 works) · Political science (15 works)