Stefan Toepler
Biographic Data
| ID | 1322643 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Stefan Toepler |
| GIVEN NAMES | Stefan |
| FAMILY NAME | Toepler |
| SIGNATURE | TOEPLER S |
| AFFILIATIONS | George Mason University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2648-6427 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 33 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 209 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 28 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 5 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1998 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Chinese government – foundation relations in global perspective: A conceptual comparison
In this conceptual paper, we discuss Chinese foundations in global perspective by reviewing two recent frameworks that aim to capture key dimensions of foundation development and relations with the state. In exploring the overlap and differences in these frameworks, we draw conclusions for new directions that future foundation research in China might take. In particular, Chinese foundation research is still heavily focused on the generation of re…
Civil society and democratization: The role of service‐providing organizations amid closing civic spaces
This article argues that current democracy promotion strategies relying on rights‐claiming advocacy NGOs are falling short of their democratization goals, as authoritarian regimes are closing the space through restrictions on the NGOs that attempt to carry them out. In response, we suggest a reexamination of earlier approaches to involving civil society in democratization efforts by shifting the focus back on service‐providing civil society organ…
Lester M. Salamon Memorial Issue, Part I
Nonprofit Policy Forum launched a call for papers requesting contributions for a memorial issue to take the place of a Gedenkschrift (Essays in Memory of ... ) to honor his legacy and immense contributions to the development of nonprofit studies both in the United States and at a global level.As is appropriate for such a volume, many long-term colleagues, former research associates, Hopkins philanthropy fellows as well younger scholars in the fie…
Rereading Salamon: Why Voluntary Failure Theory is Not (Really) About Voluntary Failures
Voluntary Failure or Interdependence Theory remains among the most salient of Salamon’s conceptual contributions to nonprofit studies globally. Broad criticism has been scarce. Yet, there are questions about how the theory can be tested, or whether it is even testable in the first place. A lot of these questions focus on the four voluntary failures. In this commentary, I argue that the role of the voluntary failures is often overemphasized as par…
Lester M. Salamon Memorial Issue, Part II
of Salamon at the Higher School of Economics in Moscow-explore similarities and differences between social origins theory (an institutional-historical explanation of different patterns of nonprofit development) and other prevailing approaches, namely welfare regime theory (describing differences between liberal, conservative and social-democratic welfare states) and varieties of capitalism (specifying country-specific institutional conditions tha…
Civil Society: Concepts, Challenges, Contexts: Essays in Honor of Helmut K. Anheier
Contested Civic Spaces in Liberal Democracies
In this introductory essay for the special issue on contested spaces in liberal democracies, we review how and to what extent the closing or shrinking space debate that has influenced the civil society discourse in authoritarian contexts presents an appropriate mode of analysis for similar, disconcerting developments that have been observed in liberal democracies. In particular, recent changes in Germany, Austria, Israel, and Greece are covered i…
Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Theorizing the Third Sector: Embedding Statistical and Methodological Developments Awaiting Broader Scholarly Take-up
This article reviews and calls attention to the work underlying significant improvements in the conceptualization, measurement and analysis of the third sector on a comparative basis worldwide that have been made over the past three decades. This article provides an update on the current status of each measurement instrument, their institutionalization in the world’s major official statistical systems, and describes how they can work in concert t…
Kirsten A. Grønbjerg and Steven Rathgeb Smith: The Changing Dynamic of Government–Nonprofit Relationships: Advancing the Field(s)
Article Kirsten A. Grønbjerg and Steven Rathgeb Smith: The Changing Dynamic of Government–Nonprofit Relationships: Advancing the Field(s) was published on January 1, 2022 in the journal Nonprofit Policy Forum (volume 13, issue 1)
Government/Foundation Relations: A Conceptual Framework and Evidence from the U.S. Federal Government’s Partnership Efforts
Interest in collaboration between government and private, grantmaking foundations has grown considerably in recent years both in the USA and abroad. In the USA, one outcome of the increased interest has been the emergence of liaison offices in federal agencies tasked with facilitating partnerships between government and grantmaking foundations and others, such as corporate philanthropic programs. As the government/foundation relationship is still…
Zivilgesellschaft zwischen Repression und Vernachlässigung
Das Verhältnis zwischen Staat und Zivilgesellschaft ist in letzter Zeit komplexer geworden. In einigen Ländern hat sich das Verhältnis derart verschlechtert, dass von einem shrinking space für die Zivilgesellschaft gesprochen wird. Diese Diagnose gilt jedoch hauptsächlich für autoritäre und illiberale politische Systeme, die der Zivilgesellschaft mit Repression begegnen. Zivilgesellschaftliche Räume schrumpfen jedoch auch in Demokratien: weniger …
The Routledge Companion to Nonprofit Management
Over the past three decades or so, the nonprofit, voluntary, or third sector has undergone a major transformation from a small cottage industry to a major economic force in virtually every part of the developed world as well as elsewhere around the globe. Nonprofit organizations are now major providers of public services working in close cooperation with governments at all levels and increasingly find themselves in competition with commercial fir…
The Changing Space for NGOs: Civil Society in Authoritarian and Hybrid Regimes
In this introductory essay to the special issue on civil society in authoritarian and hybrid regimes, we review core themes in the growing literature on shrinking or closing space for civil society. We discuss the role of civil society organizations (CSOs) as agents of democratization and note the emergence of dual, at times apparently conflicting policy postures within authoritarian regimes (restriction and repression for some CSOs vs. financial…
Advocacy in authoritarian contexts: The case of disability NGOs in Russia
Purpose The growing trend towards closing the political space for civil society in authoritarian regimes has primarily targeted NGOs focused on rights-based advocacy. Drawing on a study of disability NGOs in Russia, this paper seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the advocacy options that nonprofit organizations have even in repressive political contexts. The authors first review the extant literature to identify common actors, types …
International Encyclopedia of Civil Society
Do Benefit Corporations Represent a Policy Threat to Nonprofits
In the US and increasingly internationally as well, considerable efforts have been made in recent years to introduce new legal forms, such as the benefit corporation, at the local level as an additional structural option for social entrepreneurs. These efforts have been met with considerable apprehension on the part of nonprofit sector advocates, who perceive these new organizational forms as potential competition. This paper investigates whether…
Policy Neglect: The True Challenge to the Nonprofit Sector
The relationship between many governments and the nonprofit sector as well as organized civil society more generally has become more complex, laden with often hidden tensions. In some cases, state–nonprofit sector relationships have deteriorated, which has led experts and activists to speak of a “shrinking space” for civil society. However, this diagnosis applies mostly to illiberal and autocratic countries. More widespread is a stagnation in sta…
Subnational Variations in Government-Nonprofit Relations: A Comparative Analysis of Regional Differences within Russia
This article discusses the evolution of government-nonprofit relations at the regional level in Russia against the background of national-level restrictions on NGOs. Russia recently also introduced supportive policies and the article aims to trace the regional administrations’ reactions to the dual realities of the federal government’s posture towards nonprofits. Considerable variation was found in regional government-nonprofit relationships as w…
Foundations in Russia: Evolving Approaches to Philanthropy
This article discusses the contemporary state of philanthropic foundations in Russia. It traces the evolution of Russian philanthropy from the Imperial period through the Soviet times and the upheavals of the 1990s to today. Historically, foundations lacked a legal footing, not only under socialism but also during the Tsarist Empire, and while a new legal framework was introduced in the 1990s, the political and economic turmoil of the decade prev…
Toward a Comparative Understanding of Foundations
Reviewing information on philanthropic foundations in the United States, Germany, and 10 other countries, this article presents an overview assessment of the major similarities and difficulties involved in cross-national comparisons of this particular organizational form. Over the past two or three decades, foundations have experienced significant growth in many parts of the world, spurred by enabling policies devised by policymakers eager to gen…
Modernising social service delivery in Russia: Evolving Government Support for Non-Profit Organisations
Russia has recently cracked down on politically active civil society, increasing regulation and undercutting foreign support. However, apolitical, service-oriented parts of civil society have not been subject to these restrictive policies. In contrast, since 2009 Russia has introduced a set of government tools to support socially oriented non-profit organisations. These tools present a framework akin to concepts of ‘third-party government’ and co…
From liberal to conservative: Shifting cultural policy regimes in post-Soviet Russia
In this paper, we analyze the evolution of Russian cultural policy from the end of the Soviet era through the current against the framework of welfare state regimes. The end of the Soviet Union 25 years ago ushered in a decade of liberalization marked by a withdrawal of the state from cultural responsibility and hopes that market demand and private support would emerge to fill in the void. With the latter hampered by the economic hardships of the…
Government–Nonprofit Cooperation: Anomaly or Necessity
This paper challenges widespread philosophical and conceptual theories of the nonprofit sector and the state that question, or leave little conceptual room for, extensive cooperation between nonprofit organizations and government. To do so, the paper calls attention to shortcomings in the prevailing market failure/government failure theories of the nonprofit sector that have obscured recognition of key features of the sector that make cooperation…
Private Funds, Public Purpose: Philanthropic Foundations in International Perspective
Shifting cultural policy landscapes in the USA: What role for philanthropic foundations
In the USA, the Culture Wars of the late 1980s represented a period of policy upheaval that largely ended the post-war cultural policy consensus. Since then, the arts have witnessed the fading significance of the National Endowment of the Arts and growing strains of the carefully nurtured nonprofit arts infrastructure, on the one hand; and the rise of a cacophony of new and more diffused cultural policy interests and objectives, on the other. Unf…
The Changing Space for NGOs: Civil Society in Authoritarian and Hybrid Regimes
In this introductory essay to the special issue on civil society in authoritarian and hybrid regimes, we review core themes in the growing literature on shrinking or closing space for civil society. We discuss the role of civil society organizations (CSOs) as agents of democratization and note the emergence of dual, at times apparently conflicting policy postures within authoritarian regimes (restriction and repression for some CSOs vs. financial…
Government–Nonprofit Cooperation: Anomaly or Necessity
This paper challenges widespread philosophical and conceptual theories of the nonprofit sector and the state that question, or leave little conceptual room for, extensive cooperation between nonprofit organizations and government. To do so, the paper calls attention to shortcomings in the prevailing market failure/government failure theories of the nonprofit sector that have obscured recognition of key features of the sector that make cooperation…
Policy Neglect: The True Challenge to the Nonprofit Sector
The relationship between many governments and the nonprofit sector as well as organized civil society more generally has become more complex, laden with often hidden tensions. In some cases, state–nonprofit sector relationships have deteriorated, which has led experts and activists to speak of a “shrinking space” for civil society. However, this diagnosis applies mostly to illiberal and autocratic countries. More widespread is a stagnation in sta…
Caveat Venditor ? Museum Merchandising, Nonprofit Commercialization, and the Case of the Metropolitan Museum in New York
This paper reviews some of the underpinnings of the current commercialization debate in the nonprofit sector, based on an analysis of Metropolitan Museum of Art data from 1960 to 2002. The case suggests at least two avenues for additional research: First, while analysts tend to see the origins of the commercialization phenomenon in the fiscal setbacks of the 1980s, the economic crisis of the 1970s and the resulting erosion of endowment funds may …
Foundations and Their Institutional Context: Cross-Evaluating Evidence from Germany and the United States
According to the relevant literature, the relationship between government and the private foundation sector in Germany is marked by a “paradigm of conflict” very similar to the one that has often dominated the U.S. discussion of government/ nonprofit relationships in the past. More specifically, scholars often hold that the development of foundations in Germany is largely hampered by an administrative and regulatory climate that weakens rather th…
Subnational Variations in Government-Nonprofit Relations: A Comparative Analysis of Regional Differences within Russia
This article discusses the evolution of government-nonprofit relations at the regional level in Russia against the background of national-level restrictions on NGOs. Russia recently also introduced supportive policies and the article aims to trace the regional administrations’ reactions to the dual realities of the federal government’s posture towards nonprofits. Considerable variation was found in regional government-nonprofit relationships as w…
Advocacy in authoritarian contexts: The case of disability NGOs in Russia
Purpose The growing trend towards closing the political space for civil society in authoritarian regimes has primarily targeted NGOs focused on rights-based advocacy. Drawing on a study of disability NGOs in Russia, this paper seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the advocacy options that nonprofit organizations have even in repressive political contexts. The authors first review the extant literature to identify common actors, types …
Modernising social service delivery in Russia: Evolving Government Support for Non-Profit Organisations
Russia has recently cracked down on politically active civil society, increasing regulation and undercutting foreign support. However, apolitical, service-oriented parts of civil society have not been subject to these restrictive policies. In contrast, since 2009 Russia has introduced a set of government tools to support socially oriented non-profit organisations. These tools present a framework akin to concepts of ‘third-party government’ and co…
Shifting cultural policy landscapes in the USA: What role for philanthropic foundations
In the USA, the Culture Wars of the late 1980s represented a period of policy upheaval that largely ended the post-war cultural policy consensus. Since then, the arts have witnessed the fading significance of the National Endowment of the Arts and growing strains of the carefully nurtured nonprofit arts infrastructure, on the one hand; and the rise of a cacophony of new and more diffused cultural policy interests and objectives, on the other. Unf…
Contested Civic Spaces in Liberal Democracies
In this introductory essay for the special issue on contested spaces in liberal democracies, we review how and to what extent the closing or shrinking space debate that has influenced the civil society discourse in authoritarian contexts presents an appropriate mode of analysis for similar, disconcerting developments that have been observed in liberal democracies. In particular, recent changes in Germany, Austria, Israel, and Greece are covered i…
Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Theorizing the Third Sector: Embedding Statistical and Methodological Developments Awaiting Broader Scholarly Take-up
This article reviews and calls attention to the work underlying significant improvements in the conceptualization, measurement and analysis of the third sector on a comparative basis worldwide that have been made over the past three decades. This article provides an update on the current status of each measurement instrument, their institutionalization in the world’s major official statistical systems, and describes how they can work in concert t…
Government/Foundation Relations: A Conceptual Framework and Evidence from the U.S. Federal Government’s Partnership Efforts
Interest in collaboration between government and private, grantmaking foundations has grown considerably in recent years both in the USA and abroad. In the USA, one outcome of the increased interest has been the emergence of liaison offices in federal agencies tasked with facilitating partnerships between government and grantmaking foundations and others, such as corporate philanthropic programs. As the government/foundation relationship is still…
From liberal to conservative: Shifting cultural policy regimes in post-Soviet Russia
In this paper, we analyze the evolution of Russian cultural policy from the end of the Soviet era through the current against the framework of welfare state regimes. The end of the Soviet Union 25 years ago ushered in a decade of liberalization marked by a withdrawal of the state from cultural responsibility and hopes that market demand and private support would emerge to fill in the void. With the latter hampered by the economic hardships of the…
Foundations in Russia: Evolving Approaches to Philanthropy
This article discusses the contemporary state of philanthropic foundations in Russia. It traces the evolution of Russian philanthropy from the Imperial period through the Soviet times and the upheavals of the 1990s to today. Historically, foundations lacked a legal footing, not only under socialism but also during the Tsarist Empire, and while a new legal framework was introduced in the 1990s, the political and economic turmoil of the decade prev…
Rereading Salamon: Why Voluntary Failure Theory is Not (Really) About Voluntary Failures
Voluntary Failure or Interdependence Theory remains among the most salient of Salamon’s conceptual contributions to nonprofit studies globally. Broad criticism has been scarce. Yet, there are questions about how the theory can be tested, or whether it is even testable in the first place. A lot of these questions focus on the four voluntary failures. In this commentary, I argue that the role of the voluntary failures is often overemphasized as par…
Toward a Comparative Understanding of Foundations
Reviewing information on philanthropic foundations in the United States, Germany, and 10 other countries, this article presents an overview assessment of the major similarities and difficulties involved in cross-national comparisons of this particular organizational form. Over the past two or three decades, foundations have experienced significant growth in many parts of the world, spurred by enabling policies devised by policymakers eager to gen…
Foundations and Their Institutional Context: Cross-Evaluating Evidence from Germany and the United States
According to the relevant literature, the relationship between government and the private foundation sector in Germany is marked by a “paradigm of conflict” very similar to the one that has often dominated the U.S. discussion of government/ nonprofit relationships in the past. More specifically, scholars often hold that the development of foundations in Germany is largely hampered by an administrative and regulatory climate that weakens rather th…
The Subsidized Muse: Government and the Arts in Western Europe and the United States
Culture, Commerce, and Civil Society: Rethinking Support for the Arts
Although the arts in the United States are predominantly nonprofit, policy analyses concerning the nonprofit sector and the arts field have largely followed separate trajectories. Thus, key policy challenges that have recently been identified for the nonprofit sector at large have found little resonance in the arts. This article reviews the implications of commercialization as one of the key issues in the nonprofit field for the arts, discusses t…
Charitable sharing: A tort reform proposal
Are there Limits to Financing Culture through the Market? Evidence from the U.S. Museum Field
The commercialization of nonprofit organizations has recently taken center stage as one of the pivotal policy issues facing this sector in the United States and elsewhere. In many ways, American museums have long been at the forefront of the trend with the operation of retail activities in the form of museum stores, mail-order catalogues and, most recently, web-based virtual shops. While museums in other parts of the world have begun to follow th…
Nonprofit Organizations: Theory, Management, Policy
Part I: Studying Nonprofit Organizations 1. Studying Nonprofit Organizations 2. Historical Background 3. Concepts Part II: Dimensions 4. Dimensions I: Overview 5. Dimensions II: Specific Fields 6. Giving, Philanthropy and Foundations 7. Civic Engagement Part III: Approaches 8. Theories of Nonprofit Organizations 9. Approaches to Giving and Philanthropy 10. Studying Civic Engagement, Volunteering and Social Entrepreneurship Part IV: Managing Nonpr…
Caveat Venditor ? Museum Merchandising, Nonprofit Commercialization, and the Case of the Metropolitan Museum in New York
This paper reviews some of the underpinnings of the current commercialization debate in the nonprofit sector, based on an analysis of Metropolitan Museum of Art data from 1960 to 2002. The case suggests at least two avenues for additional research: First, while analysts tend to see the origins of the commercialization phenomenon in the fiscal setbacks of the 1980s, the economic crisis of the 1970s and the resulting erosion of endowment funds may …
International Encyclopedia of Civil Society
Private Funds, Public Purpose: Philanthropic Foundations in International Perspective
Shifting cultural policy landscapes in the USA: What role for philanthropic foundations
In the USA, the Culture Wars of the late 1980s represented a period of policy upheaval that largely ended the post-war cultural policy consensus. Since then, the arts have witnessed the fading significance of the National Endowment of the Arts and growing strains of the carefully nurtured nonprofit arts infrastructure, on the one hand; and the rise of a cacophony of new and more diffused cultural policy interests and objectives, on the other. Unf…
Government–Nonprofit Cooperation: Anomaly or Necessity
This paper challenges widespread philosophical and conceptual theories of the nonprofit sector and the state that question, or leave little conceptual room for, extensive cooperation between nonprofit organizations and government. To do so, the paper calls attention to shortcomings in the prevailing market failure/government failure theories of the nonprofit sector that have obscured recognition of key features of the sector that make cooperation…
From liberal to conservative: Shifting cultural policy regimes in post-Soviet Russia
In this paper, we analyze the evolution of Russian cultural policy from the end of the Soviet era through the current against the framework of welfare state regimes. The end of the Soviet Union 25 years ago ushered in a decade of liberalization marked by a withdrawal of the state from cultural responsibility and hopes that market demand and private support would emerge to fill in the void. With the latter hampered by the economic hardships of the…
Modernising social service delivery in Russia: Evolving Government Support for Non-Profit Organisations
Russia has recently cracked down on politically active civil society, increasing regulation and undercutting foreign support. However, apolitical, service-oriented parts of civil society have not been subject to these restrictive policies. In contrast, since 2009 Russia has introduced a set of government tools to support socially oriented non-profit organisations. These tools present a framework akin to concepts of ‘third-party government’ and co…
Foundations in Russia: Evolving Approaches to Philanthropy
This article discusses the contemporary state of philanthropic foundations in Russia. It traces the evolution of Russian philanthropy from the Imperial period through the Soviet times and the upheavals of the 1990s to today. Historically, foundations lacked a legal footing, not only under socialism but also during the Tsarist Empire, and while a new legal framework was introduced in the 1990s, the political and economic turmoil of the decade prev…
Toward a Comparative Understanding of Foundations
Reviewing information on philanthropic foundations in the United States, Germany, and 10 other countries, this article presents an overview assessment of the major similarities and difficulties involved in cross-national comparisons of this particular organizational form. Over the past two or three decades, foundations have experienced significant growth in many parts of the world, spurred by enabling policies devised by policymakers eager to gen…
International Encyclopedia of Civil Society
Do Benefit Corporations Represent a Policy Threat to Nonprofits
In the US and increasingly internationally as well, considerable efforts have been made in recent years to introduce new legal forms, such as the benefit corporation, at the local level as an additional structural option for social entrepreneurs. These efforts have been met with considerable apprehension on the part of nonprofit sector advocates, who perceive these new organizational forms as potential competition. This paper investigates whether…
Policy Neglect: The True Challenge to the Nonprofit Sector
The relationship between many governments and the nonprofit sector as well as organized civil society more generally has become more complex, laden with often hidden tensions. In some cases, state–nonprofit sector relationships have deteriorated, which has led experts and activists to speak of a “shrinking space” for civil society. However, this diagnosis applies mostly to illiberal and autocratic countries. More widespread is a stagnation in sta…
Subnational Variations in Government-Nonprofit Relations: A Comparative Analysis of Regional Differences within Russia
This article discusses the evolution of government-nonprofit relations at the regional level in Russia against the background of national-level restrictions on NGOs. Russia recently also introduced supportive policies and the article aims to trace the regional administrations’ reactions to the dual realities of the federal government’s posture towards nonprofits. Considerable variation was found in regional government-nonprofit relationships as w…
Zivilgesellschaft zwischen Repression und Vernachlässigung
Das Verhältnis zwischen Staat und Zivilgesellschaft ist in letzter Zeit komplexer geworden. In einigen Ländern hat sich das Verhältnis derart verschlechtert, dass von einem shrinking space für die Zivilgesellschaft gesprochen wird. Diese Diagnose gilt jedoch hauptsächlich für autoritäre und illiberale politische Systeme, die der Zivilgesellschaft mit Repression begegnen. Zivilgesellschaftliche Räume schrumpfen jedoch auch in Demokratien: weniger …
The Routledge Companion to Nonprofit Management
Over the past three decades or so, the nonprofit, voluntary, or third sector has undergone a major transformation from a small cottage industry to a major economic force in virtually every part of the developed world as well as elsewhere around the globe. Nonprofit organizations are now major providers of public services working in close cooperation with governments at all levels and increasingly find themselves in competition with commercial fir…
The Changing Space for NGOs: Civil Society in Authoritarian and Hybrid Regimes
In this introductory essay to the special issue on civil society in authoritarian and hybrid regimes, we review core themes in the growing literature on shrinking or closing space for civil society. We discuss the role of civil society organizations (CSOs) as agents of democratization and note the emergence of dual, at times apparently conflicting policy postures within authoritarian regimes (restriction and repression for some CSOs vs. financial…
Advocacy in authoritarian contexts: The case of disability NGOs in Russia
Purpose The growing trend towards closing the political space for civil society in authoritarian regimes has primarily targeted NGOs focused on rights-based advocacy. Drawing on a study of disability NGOs in Russia, this paper seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the advocacy options that nonprofit organizations have even in repressive political contexts. The authors first review the extant literature to identify common actors, types …
Kirsten A. Grønbjerg and Steven Rathgeb Smith: The Changing Dynamic of Government–Nonprofit Relationships: Advancing the Field(s)
Article Kirsten A. Grønbjerg and Steven Rathgeb Smith: The Changing Dynamic of Government–Nonprofit Relationships: Advancing the Field(s) was published on January 1, 2022 in the journal Nonprofit Policy Forum (volume 13, issue 1)
Government/Foundation Relations: A Conceptual Framework and Evidence from the U.S. Federal Government’s Partnership Efforts
Interest in collaboration between government and private, grantmaking foundations has grown considerably in recent years both in the USA and abroad. In the USA, one outcome of the increased interest has been the emergence of liaison offices in federal agencies tasked with facilitating partnerships between government and grantmaking foundations and others, such as corporate philanthropic programs. As the government/foundation relationship is still…
Political science (29 works) · Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering (24 works) · Sociology (20 works) · Law (18 works) · Politics (15 works) · Public Administration (15 works) · Civil society (11 works) · Economics (11 works) · Law (11 works) · Public Administration (11 works)