Valerie A Andrushko
Biographic Data
| ID | 132702 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Valerie A Andrushko |
| GIVEN NAMES | Valerie A |
| FAMILY NAME | Andrushko |
| SIGNATURE | ANDRUSHKO V A |
| AFFILIATIONS | Southern Connecticut State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7557-1735 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 14 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 307 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 14 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2005 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2021 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Health in the Inca heartland: A paleopathological analysis of burials from the Cuzco region of Peru
While much is known about the rise and expansion of the Inca Empire (AD 1438–1532) throughout the Andean region of South America, the health effects of the empire in its capital region remain unclear. The present study addresses the Inca Empire's impact on health in the Cuzco region of Peru through an analysis of four conditions (dental enamel hypoplasias, cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis and periosteal lesions) in 929 pre‐Inca and Inca bur…
Health, Diet, and Violence during Wari Expansion: Bioarchaeology at Ak’awillay, Cusco, Peru
The expansion of states and empires often has important consequences for local populations, including increased violence, greater stress, or dietary modifications resulting in changing health conditions. This paper presents the analysis of 73 skeletons from the Cusco site of Ak’awillay, shedding light on diet, health, and violence in the Middle Horizon. Results indicate that the people of Ak’awillay led a rigorous lifestyle and suffered from more…
Revelations of ancient head shape: Cranial modification in the Cuzco region of Peru, Early Horizon to Inca Imperial Period
OBJECTIVES: Cranial vault modification (CVM), the intentional reshaping of the head, indicated group affiliation in prehistoric Andean South America. This study aims to analyze CVM data from the Cuzco region of Peru to illuminate patterns of early migration and settlement along with the later impact of the Inca Empire (AD 1438-1532) on the ethnic landscape. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 419 individuals from 10 archaeological sites spanning over 2300 yea…
Violence and Warfare in the Prehistoric San Francisco Bay Area
Informe de las posibles capacochas del asentamiento arqueológico de Choquepujio, Cusco, Perú
El sitio arqueológico de Choquepujio, en el sector oriental del valle del Cusco, presenta ocupación humana continua desde el periodo Intermedio Temprano. Las ruinas de la arquitectura monumental del periodo Intermedio Tardío son predominantes en el sitio. Estas estructuras se encuentran en dos grupos (A y B), y parecen haber sido importantes templos durante el periodo Intermedio Tardío. El descubrimiento de un grupo de entierros de niños Inca en …
Skeletal evidence for Inca warfare from the Cuzco region of Peru
This article addresses the bioarchaeological evidence for Inca warfare through an analysis of 454 adult skeletons from 11 sites in the Inca capital region of Cuzco, Peru. These 11 sites span almost 1000 years (AD 600–1532), which allows for a comparison of the evidence for warfare before the Inca came to power (Middle Horizon AD 600–1000), during the time of Inca ascendency in the Late Intermediate Period (AD 1000–1400), and after the Inca came t…
Cranioplasty in ancient Peru: A critical review of the evidence, and a unique case from the Cuzco area
Cranioplasty is a well‐known procedure in modern neurosurgery. Although some authors have claimed it was also performed by prehistoric trepanners in various parts of the world, there is little hard evidence to support this. Here we review various claims of cranioplasty in Peru, where trepanation was widely practised in Prehispanic times. We find little support for assertions that cranioplasty was common. One recently discovered burial from the Cu…
Investigating a child sacrifice event from the Inca heartland
Trophy‐taking and dismemberment as warfare strategies in prehistoric central California
We document evidence for trophy‐taking and dismemberment with a new bioarchaeological database featuring 13,453 individuals from prehistoric central California sites. Our study reveals 76 individuals with perimortem removal of body parts consistent with trophy‐taking or dismemberment; nine of these individuals display multiple types of trophy‐taking and dismemberment for a total of 87 cases. Cases span almost 5,000 years, from the Early Period (3…
The causes of porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia: A reappraisal of the iron‐deficiency‐anemia hypothesis
Porosities in the outer table of the cranial vault (porotic hyperostosis) and orbital roof (cribra orbitalia) are among the most frequent pathological lesions seen in ancient human skeletal collections. Since the 1950s, chronic iron‐deficiency anemia has been widely accepted as the probable cause of both conditions. Based on this proposed etiology, bioarchaeologists use the prevalence of these conditions to infer living conditions conducive to di…
Strontium Isotope Evidence for Prehistoric Migration at Chokepukio, Valley of Cuzco, Peru
Although Spanish chroniclers referred frequently to coerced migration in the Inca Empire, these migrations have been difficult to document archaeologically. One approach to migration studies, strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr) analysis, has emerged as an effective technique. Until now, however, this method has not been applied to the Inca heartland region of Cuzco, Peru. In this study, we use strontium isotope analysis to examine patterns of prehistor…
Prehistoric trepanation in the Cuzco region of Peru: A view into an ancient Andean practice
In this study, patterns of prehistoric trepanation in the southern highlands of Peru were examined through an analysis of 11 Cuzco‐region burial sites. Trepanations were found in 66 individuals, with several individuals exhibiting more than one trepanation, for a total of 109 perforations observed. The predominant methods used were circular cutting and scraping—methods that proved highly successful with an overall 83% survival rate and little ens…
The Burials at Sacsahuaman and Chokepukio: A Bioarchaeological Case Study of Imperialism From the Capital of the Inca Empire
Comparison of the elite site of Sacsahuaman in the capital city of Cuzco with the site of Chokepukio, located nearby in the Lucre Basin, indicates that Inca imperial policies introduced rigid social stratification and division of labor. The results from Sacsahuaman show that elite status did not buffer individuals from diseases, particularly with regards to inflammatory reactions of the long bones. Commoner individuals from Chokepukio displayed e…
Bioarchaeological evidence for trophy-taking in prehistoric central California
Fourteen adult burials in a large (N = 224) prehistoric central California cemetery (CA-SCL-674) lack forearm bones. Twelve of these otherwise well-articulated primary interments have distal humeri bearing cutmarks with a distribution like that seen in fur seals butchered by Native Californians. Most of the burials with missing forearms are young adult males, a demographic profile that differs significantly from the full sample. Three of these ma…
The causes of porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia: A reappraisal of the iron‐deficiency‐anemia hypothesis
Porosities in the outer table of the cranial vault (porotic hyperostosis) and orbital roof (cribra orbitalia) are among the most frequent pathological lesions seen in ancient human skeletal collections. Since the 1950s, chronic iron‐deficiency anemia has been widely accepted as the probable cause of both conditions. Based on this proposed etiology, bioarchaeologists use the prevalence of these conditions to infer living conditions conducive to di…
Strontium Isotope Evidence for Prehistoric Migration at Chokepukio, Valley of Cuzco, Peru
Although Spanish chroniclers referred frequently to coerced migration in the Inca Empire, these migrations have been difficult to document archaeologically. One approach to migration studies, strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr) analysis, has emerged as an effective technique. Until now, however, this method has not been applied to the Inca heartland region of Cuzco, Peru. In this study, we use strontium isotope analysis to examine patterns of prehistor…
Investigating a child sacrifice event from the Inca heartland
Prehistoric trepanation in the Cuzco region of Peru: A view into an ancient Andean practice
In this study, patterns of prehistoric trepanation in the southern highlands of Peru were examined through an analysis of 11 Cuzco‐region burial sites. Trepanations were found in 66 individuals, with several individuals exhibiting more than one trepanation, for a total of 109 perforations observed. The predominant methods used were circular cutting and scraping—methods that proved highly successful with an overall 83% survival rate and little ens…
Bioarchaeological evidence for trophy-taking in prehistoric central California
Fourteen adult burials in a large (N = 224) prehistoric central California cemetery (CA-SCL-674) lack forearm bones. Twelve of these otherwise well-articulated primary interments have distal humeri bearing cutmarks with a distribution like that seen in fur seals butchered by Native Californians. Most of the burials with missing forearms are young adult males, a demographic profile that differs significantly from the full sample. Three of these ma…
Trophy‐taking and dismemberment as warfare strategies in prehistoric central California
We document evidence for trophy‐taking and dismemberment with a new bioarchaeological database featuring 13,453 individuals from prehistoric central California sites. Our study reveals 76 individuals with perimortem removal of body parts consistent with trophy‐taking or dismemberment; nine of these individuals display multiple types of trophy‐taking and dismemberment for a total of 87 cases. Cases span almost 5,000 years, from the Early Period (3…
Skeletal evidence for Inca warfare from the Cuzco region of Peru
This article addresses the bioarchaeological evidence for Inca warfare through an analysis of 454 adult skeletons from 11 sites in the Inca capital region of Cuzco, Peru. These 11 sites span almost 1000 years (AD 600–1532), which allows for a comparison of the evidence for warfare before the Inca came to power (Middle Horizon AD 600–1000), during the time of Inca ascendency in the Late Intermediate Period (AD 1000–1400), and after the Inca came t…
The Burials at Sacsahuaman and Chokepukio: A Bioarchaeological Case Study of Imperialism From the Capital of the Inca Empire
Comparison of the elite site of Sacsahuaman in the capital city of Cuzco with the site of Chokepukio, located nearby in the Lucre Basin, indicates that Inca imperial policies introduced rigid social stratification and division of labor. The results from Sacsahuaman show that elite status did not buffer individuals from diseases, particularly with regards to inflammatory reactions of the long bones. Commoner individuals from Chokepukio displayed e…
Informe de las posibles capacochas del asentamiento arqueológico de Choquepujio, Cusco, Perú
El sitio arqueológico de Choquepujio, en el sector oriental del valle del Cusco, presenta ocupación humana continua desde el periodo Intermedio Temprano. Las ruinas de la arquitectura monumental del periodo Intermedio Tardío son predominantes en el sitio. Estas estructuras se encuentran en dos grupos (A y B), y parecen haber sido importantes templos durante el periodo Intermedio Tardío. El descubrimiento de un grupo de entierros de niños Inca en …
Health, Diet, and Violence during Wari Expansion: Bioarchaeology at Ak’awillay, Cusco, Peru
The expansion of states and empires often has important consequences for local populations, including increased violence, greater stress, or dietary modifications resulting in changing health conditions. This paper presents the analysis of 73 skeletons from the Cusco site of Ak’awillay, shedding light on diet, health, and violence in the Middle Horizon. Results indicate that the people of Ak’awillay led a rigorous lifestyle and suffered from more…
Revelations of ancient head shape: Cranial modification in the Cuzco region of Peru, Early Horizon to Inca Imperial Period
OBJECTIVES: Cranial vault modification (CVM), the intentional reshaping of the head, indicated group affiliation in prehistoric Andean South America. This study aims to analyze CVM data from the Cuzco region of Peru to illuminate patterns of early migration and settlement along with the later impact of the Inca Empire (AD 1438-1532) on the ethnic landscape. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 419 individuals from 10 archaeological sites spanning over 2300 yea…
Bioarchaeological evidence for trophy-taking in prehistoric central California
Fourteen adult burials in a large (N = 224) prehistoric central California cemetery (CA-SCL-674) lack forearm bones. Twelve of these otherwise well-articulated primary interments have distal humeri bearing cutmarks with a distribution like that seen in fur seals butchered by Native Californians. Most of the burials with missing forearms are young adult males, a demographic profile that differs significantly from the full sample. Three of these ma…
The Burials at Sacsahuaman and Chokepukio: A Bioarchaeological Case Study of Imperialism From the Capital of the Inca Empire
Comparison of the elite site of Sacsahuaman in the capital city of Cuzco with the site of Chokepukio, located nearby in the Lucre Basin, indicates that Inca imperial policies introduced rigid social stratification and division of labor. The results from Sacsahuaman show that elite status did not buffer individuals from diseases, particularly with regards to inflammatory reactions of the long bones. Commoner individuals from Chokepukio displayed e…
Prehistoric trepanation in the Cuzco region of Peru: A view into an ancient Andean practice
In this study, patterns of prehistoric trepanation in the southern highlands of Peru were examined through an analysis of 11 Cuzco‐region burial sites. Trepanations were found in 66 individuals, with several individuals exhibiting more than one trepanation, for a total of 109 perforations observed. The predominant methods used were circular cutting and scraping—methods that proved highly successful with an overall 83% survival rate and little ens…
The causes of porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia: A reappraisal of the iron‐deficiency‐anemia hypothesis
Porosities in the outer table of the cranial vault (porotic hyperostosis) and orbital roof (cribra orbitalia) are among the most frequent pathological lesions seen in ancient human skeletal collections. Since the 1950s, chronic iron‐deficiency anemia has been widely accepted as the probable cause of both conditions. Based on this proposed etiology, bioarchaeologists use the prevalence of these conditions to infer living conditions conducive to di…
Strontium Isotope Evidence for Prehistoric Migration at Chokepukio, Valley of Cuzco, Peru
Although Spanish chroniclers referred frequently to coerced migration in the Inca Empire, these migrations have been difficult to document archaeologically. One approach to migration studies, strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr) analysis, has emerged as an effective technique. Until now, however, this method has not been applied to the Inca heartland region of Cuzco, Peru. In this study, we use strontium isotope analysis to examine patterns of prehistor…
Cranioplasty in ancient Peru: A critical review of the evidence, and a unique case from the Cuzco area
Cranioplasty is a well‐known procedure in modern neurosurgery. Although some authors have claimed it was also performed by prehistoric trepanners in various parts of the world, there is little hard evidence to support this. Here we review various claims of cranioplasty in Peru, where trepanation was widely practised in Prehispanic times. We find little support for assertions that cranioplasty was common. One recently discovered burial from the Cu…
Investigating a child sacrifice event from the Inca heartland
Trophy‐taking and dismemberment as warfare strategies in prehistoric central California
We document evidence for trophy‐taking and dismemberment with a new bioarchaeological database featuring 13,453 individuals from prehistoric central California sites. Our study reveals 76 individuals with perimortem removal of body parts consistent with trophy‐taking or dismemberment; nine of these individuals display multiple types of trophy‐taking and dismemberment for a total of 87 cases. Cases span almost 5,000 years, from the Early Period (3…
Skeletal evidence for Inca warfare from the Cuzco region of Peru
This article addresses the bioarchaeological evidence for Inca warfare through an analysis of 454 adult skeletons from 11 sites in the Inca capital region of Cuzco, Peru. These 11 sites span almost 1000 years (AD 600–1532), which allows for a comparison of the evidence for warfare before the Inca came to power (Middle Horizon AD 600–1000), during the time of Inca ascendency in the Late Intermediate Period (AD 1000–1400), and after the Inca came t…
Informe de las posibles capacochas del asentamiento arqueológico de Choquepujio, Cusco, Perú
El sitio arqueológico de Choquepujio, en el sector oriental del valle del Cusco, presenta ocupación humana continua desde el periodo Intermedio Temprano. Las ruinas de la arquitectura monumental del periodo Intermedio Tardío son predominantes en el sitio. Estas estructuras se encuentran en dos grupos (A y B), y parecen haber sido importantes templos durante el periodo Intermedio Tardío. El descubrimiento de un grupo de entierros de niños Inca en …
Violence and Warfare in the Prehistoric San Francisco Bay Area
Health in the Inca heartland: A paleopathological analysis of burials from the Cuzco region of Peru
While much is known about the rise and expansion of the Inca Empire (AD 1438–1532) throughout the Andean region of South America, the health effects of the empire in its capital region remain unclear. The present study addresses the Inca Empire's impact on health in the Cuzco region of Peru through an analysis of four conditions (dental enamel hypoplasias, cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis and periosteal lesions) in 929 pre‐Inca and Inca bur…
Health, Diet, and Violence during Wari Expansion: Bioarchaeology at Ak’awillay, Cusco, Peru
The expansion of states and empires often has important consequences for local populations, including increased violence, greater stress, or dietary modifications resulting in changing health conditions. This paper presents the analysis of 73 skeletons from the Cusco site of Ak’awillay, shedding light on diet, health, and violence in the Middle Horizon. Results indicate that the people of Ak’awillay led a rigorous lifestyle and suffered from more…
Revelations of ancient head shape: Cranial modification in the Cuzco region of Peru, Early Horizon to Inca Imperial Period
OBJECTIVES: Cranial vault modification (CVM), the intentional reshaping of the head, indicated group affiliation in prehistoric Andean South America. This study aims to analyze CVM data from the Cuzco region of Peru to illuminate patterns of early migration and settlement along with the later impact of the Inca Empire (AD 1438-1532) on the ethnic landscape. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 419 individuals from 10 archaeological sites spanning over 2300 yea…
Archaeology (11 works) · Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (10 works) · Geography (10 works) · History (9 works) · Paleopathology and ancient diseases (9 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (7 works) · Prehistory (7 works) · Ancient history (5 works) · Empire (5 works) · Medicine (5 works)