Andrew H Whittemore
Biographic Data
| ID | 1341016 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Andrew H Whittemore |
| GIVEN NAMES | Andrew H |
| FAMILY NAME | Whittemore |
| SIGNATURE | WHITTEMORE A H |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2546-9051 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 25 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 77 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 25 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2011 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Announcing Our First History Note
Happy New Year
The Home Owners’ Loan Corporation City Survey Map and Neighborhood Change in Charlotte, North Carolina
Viewing the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) City Survey map of Charlotte, North Carolina, as a proxy for Depression-era redlining practices, this article explores relationships between the map’s differently graded areas and demographic and housing change from 1940 through 1960. Archival research indicates that the HOLC map’s delineation of differently graded areas reflected an established pattern of redlining in the city, a pattern subsequen…
Bring Zoning Back Into the Planning Curricula
Zoning’s treatment of housing
The pursuit of permanence
This paper first reviews how England’s middle-class Puritans developed various anxieties regarding their socioeconomic security in the emerging capitalist economy of early modern England. It then investigates three local land practices developed by Puritan colonists in New England to better secure their status in the New World, as revealed in a survey of town proceedings from Watertown, Massachusetts, from 1634 through 1773. These were restrictin…
A national inventory and analysis of US transfer of development rights programs
Transfer of development rights (TDR) programs shift development intensity between land parcels. Jurisdictions, most commonly local municipal or county governments, employ TDR to protect resources such as farmland or historical properties and to encourage infill and redevelopment where deemed appropriate. However, while championed by economists and others seeking to reduce conflicts between land development and preservation, TDR program adoption h…
A Case of (Decreasing) American Exceptionalism
Problem, research strategy, and findings Today, the United States stands alone among high-wealth countries in its copious use of exclusive zoning for single-family detached homes (single-family zoning, SFZ). Australia and Canada, however, are two countries that mirrored U.S. practices through the mid-20th century, and these countries still have SFZ, though it is less widespread today. We theorized reasons for the United States’ divergence in a re…
Finding Queer Life through Allies
This article details a study of the geography and intentions of mainstream-oriented businesses that publicly display lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ)-related symbols and signs. The setting for this study was the four-county Durham–Chapel Hill metropolitan area in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Findings show how the distribution of these businesses mirrors various demographic, political, and policy indicators of where LGBT…
Exclusionary Zoning
Problem, research strategy, and findings In light of recent debate over upzonings and leveraging markets as means of expanding housing opportunity, I review the evolution of exclusionary zoning practices in the United States and provide an intellectual history of scholars’ research into these practices. In the context of early 20th-century racial and class tension, American elites coveted the ability to use the states’ police powers to sort out c…
Opposition to housing development in a suburban US County
Exploring the Acceptability of Densification
Planners often divisively advocate densification in developed areas. This article investigates the possibility that framing densifying development in positive ways may reduce conflict around greater density in developed urban areas of the United States. We use an online survey that asks verified voters in local elections ( n = 772) to describe their feelings toward a hypothetical densifying infill development in their neighborhoods before and aft…
Rhetorical Framing in Planning
Planning departments can frame a policy by citing some of its presumed benefits over others. However, there is limited understanding of framing’s frequency within planning and why planning departments pursue it. Using a nationwide mail survey, we examined how planning departments ( n = 197; 40.1% response rate) frame discussions of proposals to increase allowed residential density. We found that departments air fewer presumed benefits of these pr…
Reassessing Nimby
Planners often attempt to accommodate growth in already developed areas. Opposition to high-density (i.e., at a higher unit density than surrounding development) residential infill in developed areas is, however, a long-established force in land use politics. We hypothesize that opposition to this development, as well as 6 specific concerns with this development’s impacts, are likely associated with a variety of ideological, demographic, geograph…
Talking about density
The role of racial bias in exclusionary zoning
This paper investigates the distribution of and motivations for zoning decisions that decreased allowed residential density or prevented denser residential development in urbanized portions of Durham, North Carolina, from 1945 through 2014. It presents quantitative evidence that prior to 1985, racial demographics offer a better explanation for the distribution of these potentially exclusionary decisions than median incomes or homeownership rates.…
There goes the gaybourhood? Dispersion and clustering in a gay and lesbian real estate market in Dallas TX, 1986–2012
Gay and lesbian neighbourhoods play a pivotal role as places of safety, empowerment and visibility for gay and lesbian individuals. Using over 9000 real estate listings from the gay- and lesbian-oriented Dallas Voice newspaper, our paper uses spatial statistical methods to explore the location of gay and lesbian neighbourhoods in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). With data spanning the years 1986 to 2012, we examine how g…
Mapping gay and lesbian neighborhoods using home advertisements
Determining the spatial distribution of gay and lesbian households is relevant to understanding gay and lesbian identity and empowerment, and it has been a goal for geographers over the past half century. Our paper answers to calls for investigations of gay and lesbian geography beyond traditional enclaves. We use 9210 street addresses of advertised rental and for-sale properties posted between 1986 and 2012 in the gay and lesbian-oriented Dallas…
Where Is What Called Sustainability? A Survey of Policies Ostensibly and Explicitly Linked to Sustainability in the United States
This paper discusses the outcome of a survey of US planners working in local governments with a population of over 25,000. The survey asked in which of 72 action areas ostensibly linked to sustainability had their government enacted policy, of these which did they explicitly link to sustainability and if they associated implementation with political conflict. We also considered the geographical variation of policies. We wished to find out if poli…
Phenomenology and City Planning
Finding an ideal procedure for planning has always preoccupied theorists. The urgency of this task arguably has increased as imperatives and participants have diversified over the last half-century. Theorists have often advocated the communicative model of Jürgen Habermas in this period. This article investigates the theoretical shortcomings of communicative theory in planning and postulates the possible contributions of a phenomenological approa…
Practitioners Theorize, Too
Many scholars have voiced frustration with planning theory’s marginalization. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the relevance of theory to practice by exploring what practitioners have theorized. It reviews the development of procedural theories of city planning from 1959 until 1983, and juxtaposes this review with a survey of theory-articulating literature in U.S. trade journals. The article concludes that practitioners value theorizi…
How the Federal Government Zoned America
Zoning has had an unmistakable impact on the American built environment. It is very significant then that federal policy has had an impact on zoning. The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) has been a significant instrument for this policy. It has biased zoning toward the production of suburban development, an urban form marked by sprawling forms and the strict segregation of uses. While the FHA’s impact on racial segregation and the marketplace…
Finding Sustainability in Conservative Contexts
Sustainability’s reception is dependent upon its presentation. While academics may be reaching the consensus that pursuing sustainability requires at least a triple-bottom-line approach, in practice, planners, legislators and other leaders often choose an approach that best suits their needs. In north central Texas, this has in recent years meant an approach with a focus on fiscal matters. Whatever the pro-market flavour of sustainability practic…
American Urban Form
Regional Planning in America
Journal Article Book Review Get access Publius: The Journal of Federalism, Volume 41, Issue 4, October 2011, Pages 742–744, https://doi.org/10.1093/publius/pjr023 Published: 02 June 2011
Exploring the Acceptability of Densification
Planners often divisively advocate densification in developed areas. This article investigates the possibility that framing densifying development in positive ways may reduce conflict around greater density in developed urban areas of the United States. We use an online survey that asks verified voters in local elections ( n = 772) to describe their feelings toward a hypothetical densifying infill development in their neighborhoods before and aft…
Mapping gay and lesbian neighborhoods using home advertisements
Determining the spatial distribution of gay and lesbian households is relevant to understanding gay and lesbian identity and empowerment, and it has been a goal for geographers over the past half century. Our paper answers to calls for investigations of gay and lesbian geography beyond traditional enclaves. We use 9210 street addresses of advertised rental and for-sale properties posted between 1986 and 2012 in the gay and lesbian-oriented Dallas…
Opposition to housing development in a suburban US County
Reassessing Nimby
Planners often attempt to accommodate growth in already developed areas. Opposition to high-density (i.e., at a higher unit density than surrounding development) residential infill in developed areas is, however, a long-established force in land use politics. We hypothesize that opposition to this development, as well as 6 specific concerns with this development’s impacts, are likely associated with a variety of ideological, demographic, geograph…
Practitioners Theorize, Too
Many scholars have voiced frustration with planning theory’s marginalization. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the relevance of theory to practice by exploring what practitioners have theorized. It reviews the development of procedural theories of city planning from 1959 until 1983, and juxtaposes this review with a survey of theory-articulating literature in U.S. trade journals. The article concludes that practitioners value theorizi…
Finding Sustainability in Conservative Contexts
Sustainability’s reception is dependent upon its presentation. While academics may be reaching the consensus that pursuing sustainability requires at least a triple-bottom-line approach, in practice, planners, legislators and other leaders often choose an approach that best suits their needs. In north central Texas, this has in recent years meant an approach with a focus on fiscal matters. Whatever the pro-market flavour of sustainability practic…
There goes the gaybourhood? Dispersion and clustering in a gay and lesbian real estate market in Dallas TX, 1986–2012
Gay and lesbian neighbourhoods play a pivotal role as places of safety, empowerment and visibility for gay and lesbian individuals. Using over 9000 real estate listings from the gay- and lesbian-oriented Dallas Voice newspaper, our paper uses spatial statistical methods to explore the location of gay and lesbian neighbourhoods in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). With data spanning the years 1986 to 2012, we examine how g…
Rhetorical Framing in Planning
Planning departments can frame a policy by citing some of its presumed benefits over others. However, there is limited understanding of framing’s frequency within planning and why planning departments pursue it. Using a nationwide mail survey, we examined how planning departments ( n = 197; 40.1% response rate) frame discussions of proposals to increase allowed residential density. We found that departments air fewer presumed benefits of these pr…
Talking about density
The role of racial bias in exclusionary zoning
This paper investigates the distribution of and motivations for zoning decisions that decreased allowed residential density or prevented denser residential development in urbanized portions of Durham, North Carolina, from 1945 through 2014. It presents quantitative evidence that prior to 1985, racial demographics offer a better explanation for the distribution of these potentially exclusionary decisions than median incomes or homeownership rates.…
How the Federal Government Zoned America
Zoning has had an unmistakable impact on the American built environment. It is very significant then that federal policy has had an impact on zoning. The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) has been a significant instrument for this policy. It has biased zoning toward the production of suburban development, an urban form marked by sprawling forms and the strict segregation of uses. While the FHA’s impact on racial segregation and the marketplace…
Zoning’s treatment of housing
Finding Queer Life through Allies
This article details a study of the geography and intentions of mainstream-oriented businesses that publicly display lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ)-related symbols and signs. The setting for this study was the four-county Durham–Chapel Hill metropolitan area in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Findings show how the distribution of these businesses mirrors various demographic, political, and policy indicators of where LGBT…
Regional Planning in America
Journal Article Book Review Get access Publius: The Journal of Federalism, Volume 41, Issue 4, October 2011, Pages 742–744, https://doi.org/10.1093/publius/pjr023 Published: 02 June 2011
American Urban Form
How the Federal Government Zoned America
Zoning has had an unmistakable impact on the American built environment. It is very significant then that federal policy has had an impact on zoning. The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) has been a significant instrument for this policy. It has biased zoning toward the production of suburban development, an urban form marked by sprawling forms and the strict segregation of uses. While the FHA’s impact on racial segregation and the marketplace…
Finding Sustainability in Conservative Contexts
Sustainability’s reception is dependent upon its presentation. While academics may be reaching the consensus that pursuing sustainability requires at least a triple-bottom-line approach, in practice, planners, legislators and other leaders often choose an approach that best suits their needs. In north central Texas, this has in recent years meant an approach with a focus on fiscal matters. Whatever the pro-market flavour of sustainability practic…
Where Is What Called Sustainability? A Survey of Policies Ostensibly and Explicitly Linked to Sustainability in the United States
This paper discusses the outcome of a survey of US planners working in local governments with a population of over 25,000. The survey asked in which of 72 action areas ostensibly linked to sustainability had their government enacted policy, of these which did they explicitly link to sustainability and if they associated implementation with political conflict. We also considered the geographical variation of policies. We wished to find out if poli…
Phenomenology and City Planning
Finding an ideal procedure for planning has always preoccupied theorists. The urgency of this task arguably has increased as imperatives and participants have diversified over the last half-century. Theorists have often advocated the communicative model of Jürgen Habermas in this period. This article investigates the theoretical shortcomings of communicative theory in planning and postulates the possible contributions of a phenomenological approa…
Practitioners Theorize, Too
Many scholars have voiced frustration with planning theory’s marginalization. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the relevance of theory to practice by exploring what practitioners have theorized. It reviews the development of procedural theories of city planning from 1959 until 1983, and juxtaposes this review with a survey of theory-articulating literature in U.S. trade journals. The article concludes that practitioners value theorizi…
Mapping gay and lesbian neighborhoods using home advertisements
Determining the spatial distribution of gay and lesbian households is relevant to understanding gay and lesbian identity and empowerment, and it has been a goal for geographers over the past half century. Our paper answers to calls for investigations of gay and lesbian geography beyond traditional enclaves. We use 9210 street addresses of advertised rental and for-sale properties posted between 1986 and 2012 in the gay and lesbian-oriented Dallas…
There goes the gaybourhood? Dispersion and clustering in a gay and lesbian real estate market in Dallas TX, 1986–2012
Gay and lesbian neighbourhoods play a pivotal role as places of safety, empowerment and visibility for gay and lesbian individuals. Using over 9000 real estate listings from the gay- and lesbian-oriented Dallas Voice newspaper, our paper uses spatial statistical methods to explore the location of gay and lesbian neighbourhoods in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). With data spanning the years 1986 to 2012, we examine how g…
Rhetorical Framing in Planning
Planning departments can frame a policy by citing some of its presumed benefits over others. However, there is limited understanding of framing’s frequency within planning and why planning departments pursue it. Using a nationwide mail survey, we examined how planning departments ( n = 197; 40.1% response rate) frame discussions of proposals to increase allowed residential density. We found that departments air fewer presumed benefits of these pr…
Reassessing Nimby
Planners often attempt to accommodate growth in already developed areas. Opposition to high-density (i.e., at a higher unit density than surrounding development) residential infill in developed areas is, however, a long-established force in land use politics. We hypothesize that opposition to this development, as well as 6 specific concerns with this development’s impacts, are likely associated with a variety of ideological, demographic, geograph…
Talking about density
The role of racial bias in exclusionary zoning
This paper investigates the distribution of and motivations for zoning decisions that decreased allowed residential density or prevented denser residential development in urbanized portions of Durham, North Carolina, from 1945 through 2014. It presents quantitative evidence that prior to 1985, racial demographics offer a better explanation for the distribution of these potentially exclusionary decisions than median incomes or homeownership rates.…
Opposition to housing development in a suburban US County
Exploring the Acceptability of Densification
Planners often divisively advocate densification in developed areas. This article investigates the possibility that framing densifying development in positive ways may reduce conflict around greater density in developed urban areas of the United States. We use an online survey that asks verified voters in local elections ( n = 772) to describe their feelings toward a hypothetical densifying infill development in their neighborhoods before and aft…
Exclusionary Zoning
Problem, research strategy, and findings In light of recent debate over upzonings and leveraging markets as means of expanding housing opportunity, I review the evolution of exclusionary zoning practices in the United States and provide an intellectual history of scholars’ research into these practices. In the context of early 20th-century racial and class tension, American elites coveted the ability to use the states’ police powers to sort out c…
A national inventory and analysis of US transfer of development rights programs
Transfer of development rights (TDR) programs shift development intensity between land parcels. Jurisdictions, most commonly local municipal or county governments, employ TDR to protect resources such as farmland or historical properties and to encourage infill and redevelopment where deemed appropriate. However, while championed by economists and others seeking to reduce conflicts between land development and preservation, TDR program adoption h…
A Case of (Decreasing) American Exceptionalism
Problem, research strategy, and findings Today, the United States stands alone among high-wealth countries in its copious use of exclusive zoning for single-family detached homes (single-family zoning, SFZ). Australia and Canada, however, are two countries that mirrored U.S. practices through the mid-20th century, and these countries still have SFZ, though it is less widespread today. We theorized reasons for the United States’ divergence in a re…
Finding Queer Life through Allies
This article details a study of the geography and intentions of mainstream-oriented businesses that publicly display lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ)-related symbols and signs. The setting for this study was the four-county Durham–Chapel Hill metropolitan area in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Findings show how the distribution of these businesses mirrors various demographic, political, and policy indicators of where LGBT…
The pursuit of permanence
This paper first reviews how England’s middle-class Puritans developed various anxieties regarding their socioeconomic security in the emerging capitalist economy of early modern England. It then investigates three local land practices developed by Puritan colonists in New England to better secure their status in the New World, as revealed in a survey of town proceedings from Watertown, Massachusetts, from 1634 through 1773. These were restrictin…
Zoning’s treatment of housing
The Home Owners’ Loan Corporation City Survey Map and Neighborhood Change in Charlotte, North Carolina
Viewing the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) City Survey map of Charlotte, North Carolina, as a proxy for Depression-era redlining practices, this article explores relationships between the map’s differently graded areas and demographic and housing change from 1940 through 1960. Archival research indicates that the HOLC map’s delineation of differently graded areas reflected an established pattern of redlining in the city, a pattern subsequen…
Bring Zoning Back Into the Planning Curricula
Announcing Our First History Note
Happy New Year
Political science (20 works) · Law (18 works) · Geography (17 works) · Sociology (16 works) · Economics (10 works) · Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies (10 works) · Housing Market and Economics (9 works) · Law (9 works) · Zoning (9 works) · Economic growth (7 works)