The role of racial bias in exclusionary zoning
The case of Durham, North Carolina, 1945-2014
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 4140766 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Andrew H Whittemore (0000-0003-2546-9051, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2018 |
| Volume | 50 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 826-847 |
| Publication date | 2018-06-01 |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Environment and Planning A Economy and Space (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0308-518X • E-ISSN: 1472-3409 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications Inc (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1177/0308518x18755144 |
| OpenAlex | W2807390911 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 15 |
| References cited | 19 |
This paper investigates the distribution of and motivations for zoning decisions that decreased allowed residential density or prevented denser residential development in urbanized portions of Durham, North Carolina, from 1945 through 2014. It presents quantitative evidence that prior to 1985, racial demographics offer a better explanation for the distribution of these potentially exclusionary decisions than median incomes or homeownership rates. This finding is substantiated by qualitative evidence from plans, records of public hearings, and other primary materials pertinent to zoning decisions affecting residential land use. The paper secondly presents evidence that since 1985, the city has made residential zoning decisions that have collectively entailed less dissimilar treatment of areas of different racial characteristics, and suggests reasons for this shift based on further research of primary materials. These findings inform us of the role of racial bias in zoning beyond the era of explicit racial zoning in the early 20th-century
Criminology · Demographics · Economic growth · Economics · Geography · Political science · Racial bias · Racial composition · Racism · Sociology · Zoning · Demography · Environmental Justice and Health Disparities · Gender Studies · Housing Market and Economics · Law · Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies
Overriding Exclusion
The Race to Exclude
Do Industrial Firms Follow Zoning? Changing Firm Location and the Introduction of Metropolitan Zoning
Whiteness and Urban Planning
Planning History From the Lions’ Perspective
Exclusionary Zoning
The Properties of Whiteness
From Revanchism to Inclusion
Perceptions toward Upzoning
Reassessing Nimby
Zoning’s treatment of housing
Low-Density Zoning and Health Disparities in Metro Areas
Time zones, productivity, and discontinuities in the spatial equilibrium
Principles of just urban land use planning
When restrictive economic zoning leads to racial segregation
Toxic Communities
Local Land Use Regulation and the Chain of Exclusion
Metropolitan Secession and the Space of Color-Blind Racism in Atlanta
The causes and consequences of land use regulation
An Economic History of Zoning and a Cure for its Exclusionary Effects
Heresthetics and Happenstance
Geography, policy or market? New evidence on the measurement and causes of sprawl (and infill) in US metropolitan regions
Tight Little Islands
The Influence of Race on Rezoning Decisions
Early Twentieth-Century Suburbs in North Carolina
Outline of the Law of Zoning in the United States
The Effect of Density Zoning on Racial Segregation in U.S. Urban Areas
Opposition to Housing
| Citations per year | 1.88 |
|---|---|
| Citation span | 2018 - 2026 (9) |
| Highly cited | No |