A Maa
Biographic Data
| ID | 136469 |
|---|---|
| NAME | A Maa |
| GIVEN NAMES | A |
| FAMILY NAME | Maa |
| SIGNATURE | MAÂ A |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Padua |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9802-5246 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 81 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 829 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 81 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1970 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 15 |
Power Distance Moderates the Relation Between Income Inequality and Life Satisfaction: A Cross-Country Longitudinal Analysis
Despite extensive research, the relationship between income inequality and life satisfaction remains unclear, with some countries experiencing negative consequences, while others show neutral or positive outcomes. Using data from the Gallup World Poll (2006–2022) with nearly two million respondents from more than 110 countries, we disentangle the distinct within-country and between-country effects of inequality. Our multilevel analyses reveal a s…
Lost in Taxation: Misunderstanding the Progressive Tax System Undermines Support for Redistribution
Progressive taxation effectively reduces economic inequality; however, support for this form of wealth redistribution remains low. We examine across three studies (two cross‐sectional studies; N total = 519 and one experiment; N = 400) whether and how the complexity of progressive taxation affects its support. Specifically, we investigate two key sources of complexity: (1) individuals' general ability to process complex information (analytical th…
At the Speed of a Verb: Grammatical Class of Stimuli Affects Response Time in Surveys and Syntactic Classification Tasks
Verbs, as the conventional linguistic category for expressing action and motion, possess meta-semantic associations specifically with action-orientation—associations not typically found in other grammatical classes (e.g., nouns). The central aim of this research was to examine whether the proposed association between verbs and action manifests in shorter response times for verbs compared to other grammatical forms. In Studies 1a and 1b ( N 1a = 1…
Liberty, Justice, and Victory: Abstract Nouns are Grammatically and Psychologically Feminine
Grammatical gender generally implies disadvantages for women (e.g., the generic masculine leading to real-life invisibility of women). Diverging from this idea, we here postulate that abstract concepts (such as “justice” or “democracy”), arguably reflecting the most sophisticated expression of human thought, are associated with femininity. Two archival studies (Study 1a, b) show the greater frequency of feminine gender among abstract nouns across…
Deciphering the Relationship Between Income Inequality and Life Satisfaction: Who, When and Where
This article examines the association between income inequality and life satisfaction across individuals (who), times (when) and countries (where) drawing on the Integrated European Values Survey/World Values Survey (over 370 thousand respondents, 84 countries, 1981–2022; Study 1) and the Gallup World Poll (over 1.5 million respondents, 107 countries, 2009–2023; Study 2). Satisfaction gaps between low‐ versus high‐status individuals widened under…
Loving Taxation, Hating Single Taxes: Disentangling Temporal Distance and Abstraction in the Communication of Tax Proposals
Progressive taxation is an effective way of redistributing wealth and reducing economic inequality, as such its promotion through efficient communication strategies is a key goal. Drawing on construal level theory, we test in five studies whether attitudes towards progressive taxation are improved by high (vs. low) construal communication focusing on generic (vs. specific) taxes that are temporally distant (vs. close). In two experiments (Studies…
Inequality perception and preferences globally and locally - correlational evidence from a large-scale cross-country survey
Using a large, representative survey involving 31 countries, we establish stylized facts about the attitudes toward cross-country economic inequality and their correlates. This question has been surprisingly understudied for a topic so important to our globalized $$21^{st}$$ 21 st century. We present a simple and intuitive theoretical framework for thinking about cross-country inequalities. Then, we show that people’s perceived and desired levels…
Dishonesty When the Game Is Unfair: Experimental Evidence for the Effect of Economic Inequality on Tax Evasion and Cheating
Although the link between economic inequality and dishonest behavior is well-established in the literature, their causal relation is still unclear. Here we investigate the causal link between economic inequality and dishonest behavior in a simulated society with high or low economic inequality, while holding middle-class status of the participants constant across conditions. Study 1 ( N = 479) focuses on tax evasion, showing that high (vs. low) e…
Who Has a Better Auditory Gaydar? Sexual Orientation Categorization by Heterosexual and Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People
Lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people are supposed to be better at gaydar than heterosexual. Across two studies we examined auditory gaydar performed by LGB and heterosexual listeners. In Study 1 participants (n = 127) listened to male and female speakers (n = 10) and judged their sexual orientation on a binary choice (gay/lesbian vs. heterosexual). In Study 2, participants (n = 192) judged speakers' (n = 31) sexual orientation on a Kinsey-like …
A Twofold Subjective Measure of Income Inequality
Social scientists have been aiming to calculate a 'subjective income Gini coefficient'of survey respondents that would describe their beliefs about income inequality in their country. Niehues (Subjective perceptions of inequality and redistributive preferences: an international comparison, Cologne Institute for Economic Research, IWTRENDS Discussion Paper, 2014) derives this estimate from respondents' beliefs about the relative sizes of different…
The sound of social class: Do music preferences signal status
In three studies, we explore the subjective construal of associations between music preferences and social class. Two small-scale studies ( N = 100, N = 70) and one study involving a large representative sample of the Italian population ( N = 1,045) reveal that (a) people hold well-defined stereotypes on how music preferences are linked to social class, (b) that these stereotypes do not map onto actual class differences in music taste, (c) that t…
The Spatial Ingroup Bias: Ingroup Teams Are Positioned Where Writing Starts
In four studies, we test the hypothesis that people, asked to envisage interactions between an ingroup and an outgroup, tend to spatially represent the ingroup where writing starts (e.g., left in Italian) and as acting along script direction. Using soccer as a highly competitive intergroup setting, in Study 1 ( N = 100) Italian soccer fans were found to envisage their team on the left side of a horizontal soccer field, hence playing rightward. St…
The Language of Derogation and Hate: Functions, Consequences, and Reappropriation
Over the last decades, the use of explicit derogatory language (e.g., hate speech, slurs, micro-insults) has risen in many countries. We provide an overview on blatant language discrimination, including its psychological antecedents and consequences. After presenting a working definition of derogatory language and describing its prevalence, we discuss the social functions it serves and the role it plays in identity protection, in legitimizing gro…
The Chilean socio-ethno-genomic cline
Studies of the current Chilean population performed using classical genetic markers have established that the Chilean population originated primarily from the admixture of European people, particularly Spaniards, and Amerindians. A socioeconomic-ethno-genetic cline was established soon after the conquest. Spaniards born in Spain or Chile occupied the highest Socioeconomic Strata, while Amerindians belonged to the lowest. The intermediate strata c…
Make it Happen: Verbs as Markers of Agency Increase Message Effectiveness
Verbs may be attributed to higher agency than other grammatical categories. In Study 1, we confirmed this hypothesis with archival datasets comprising verbs ( N = 950) and adjectives ( N = 2115). We then investigated whether verbs (vs. adjectives) increase message effectiveness. In three experiments presenting potential NGOs (Studies 2 and 3) or corporate campaigns (Study 4) in verb or adjective form, we demonstrate the hypothesized relationship.…
The function of vertical and horizontal space to social group identity
Where an object or person is located in space can communicate important attributes, such as power, agency, or status. We theorized that people may use location to convey messages about social groups. In four studies, we examined whether women and men express ingroup bias or stereotypical bias in their placement of and memory for gendered objects. In Study 1, participants placed objects symbolizing their ingroup higher but not further left than ob…
Gay Voice: Stable Marker of Sexual Orientation or Flexible Communication Device
Norm-based spontaneous categorization: Cultural norms shape meaning and memory
We highlight the role that culture-specific norms play in cognitively predisposing individuals to organize information in the environment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
Voice Changes Meaning: The Role of Gay- Versus Straight-Sounding Voices in Sentence Interpretation
Utterances reveal not only semantic information but also information about the speaker's social category membership, including sexual orientation. In four studies ( N = 345), we investigated how the meaning of what is being said changes as a function of the speaker's voice. In Studies 1a/1b, gay- and straight-sounding voices uttered the same sentences. Listeners indicated the likelihood that the speaker was referring to one among two target objec…
The Social Costs of Sounding Gay: Voice-Based Impressions of Adoption Applicants
In three studies (total N = 239) we examined the unexplored question of whether voice conveying sexual orientation elicits stigma and discrimination in the context of adoption. Studies 1 and 2 were conducted in Italy where same-sex adoption is illegal and controversial. Study 3 was conducted in the United Kingdom where same-sex adoption is legal and generally more accepted. The three studies show that listeners draw strong inferences from voice w…
Stereotypical Disease Inferences From Gay/Lesbian Versus Heterosexual Voices
Voice is a cue used to categorize speakers as members of social groups, including sexual orientation. We investigate the consequences of such voice-based categorization, showing that people infer stereotype-congruent disease likelihood on the basis of vocal information and without explicit information about the speaker's sexual orientation. Study 1 and Study 2 reveal that participants attribute diseases to gay/lesbian and heterosexual men and wom…
Communication and group life: How language and symbols shape intergroup relations
In this article, we review the different functions that language and symbols (in particular clothing) fulfill in group life; language and clothing are rarely, if ever, discussed together in the same conceptual space. Our review includes a consideration of how social identities are communicated and discredited, boundaries crossed, and group norms established, maintained, and regulated. Throughout, we integrate motivational and social-cognitive app…
Defending the Victim of Sexual Harassment: The Influence of Civil Courage and Media Exposure
Objectifying media may promote sexual harassment, including harassment proclivity and harassment conduct. In the current study, we showed that objectifying media affected people’s intervention when they witnessed a harassment episode. After exposure to objectifying TV or to a control video, Italian participants ( N = 126) took part in what they believed to be an employment interview that occurred by computer chat between a male interviewer and a …
Objecting to Objectification: Women’s Collective Action against Sexual Objectification on Television
Verbs as linguistic markers of agency: The social side of grammar
Basic grammatical categories may carry social meanings irrespective of their semantic content. In a set of four studies, we demonstrate that verbs—a basic linguistic category present and distinguishable in most languages—are related to the perception of agency, a fundamental dimension of social perception. In an archival analysis of actual language use in Polish and German, we found that targets stereotypically associated with high agency (men an…
Hidden impact of minorities: Fifteen years of minority influence research
Language use in intergroup contexts: The linguistic intergroup bias
Three experiments examine how the type of language used to describe in-group and out-group behaviors contributes to the transmission and persistence of social stereotypes.Two experiments tested the hypothesis that people encode and communicate desirable in-group and undesirable out-group behaviors more abstractly than undesirable in-group and desirable out-group behaviors.Experiment 1 provided strong support for this hypothesis using a fixed-resp…
Sexual harassment under social identity threat: The computer harassment paradigm
Two laboratory experiments investigated the hypothesis that threat to male identity would increase the likelihood of gender harassment. In both experiments, using the computer harassment paradigm, male university students (N=80 in Experiment 1, N=90 in Experiment 2) were exposed to different types of identity threat (legitimacy threat and threat to group value in Experiment 1 and distinctiveness threat and prototypicality threat in Experiment 2) …
Linguistic intergroup bias: Evidence for in-group-protective motivation
Linguistic intergroup bias (LIB) is the tendency to describe positive in-group and negative out-group behaviors more abstractly than negative in-group and positive out-group behaviors. Two experiments investigated the role of in-group-protective motives, by varying threat to ingroup identity of hunters vs. environmentalists (Experiment 1, N=160) and northern vs. southern Italians (Experiment 2, N=212). Participants whose in-group had or had not b…
Studying Sexual Harassment in the Laboratory: Are Egalitarian Women at Higher Risk
Internalization versus compliance: Differential processes underlying minority influence and conformity
Two experiments investigated whether minority influence and conformity operate by the same or by different processes. It was predicted that subjects who were simultaneously exposed to a majority and a minority opinion would move towards the minority in private but towards the majority in public. The results of Experiment 1 supported this hypothesis. Experiment 2 investigated three hypotheses predicting that (1) the above interaction would be repl…
Implicit Versus Explicit Strategies of Out-Group Discrimination: The Role of Intentional Control in Biased Language Use and Reward Allocation
This article addresses the role of intentional control in intergroup favouritism and out-group discrimination. We hypothesise that explicit strategies of discrimination (reward allocation, trait attributions) are under people's intentional control, whereas the linguistic intergroup bias (LIB) represents a strategy that allows relatively little conscious control. An experiment is reported in which basketball fans (N = 88) of two different teams we…
Nomina sunt omina: On the inductive potential of nouns and adjectives in person perception
Six studies (N = 491) investigated the inductive potential of nouns versus adjectives in person perception. In the first 5 studies, targets were either described by an adjective (e.g., Mark is homosexual) or by the corresponding noun (e.g., Mark is a homosexual) or by both (Study 3). The authors predicted and found that nouns, more so than adjectives, (a) facilitate descriptor-congruent inferences but inhibit incongruent inferences (Studies 1-3),…
Objectifying Media: Their Effect on Gender Role Norms and Sexual Harassment of Women
Across two studies, we investigated the hypothesis that exposure to objectifying television in which women are shown as sexual objects increases the likelihood of harassing conduct. In both studies ( Ns = 141; 120), male participants were exposed to one of the three TV clips in which women were portrayed (a) as sexual objects (objectifying TV), (b) in professional roles, or (c) excluded (a nature documentary). Study 1 showed that men exposed to o…
Stereotype threat: The effect of expectancy on performance
The goal of this study was to investigate to role of expectancy as a potential mediator of performance deficits under stereotype threat. In Experiment 1, female students were assigned to one of three experimental conditions in which they were told that women perform worse (Negative information), equally (Control) or better (Positive information) than men in logical–mathematical tests. Later, they were given a difficult math test and asked to esti…
The role of valence in the perception of agency and communion
Social judgments necessarily carry evaluative connotations that may mask other dimensions of interest. With reference to bi‐dimensional models of stereotype content, we analyzed the role of valence in the study of agency and communion. Because agency and communion are both positively evaluated dimensions, we hypothesize that valence may function as a “third variable” that obscures their obverse relation. In Study 1, investigating people's lay und…
In-Group and Out-Group Perspectives in the Use of Derogatory Group Labels: Gay Versus Fag
This research investigates whether derogatory group labels ( fag, fairy) elicit different automatic reactions than do category labels ( gay, homosexual). In a study ( N = 55), involving both heterosexual and homosexual participants, the authors investigated the effects of subliminally represented derogatory versus category labels on the recognition of positive and negative traits that were stereotypical, counterstereotypical, or irrelevant to the…
The effects of differential ascribed category membership and norms on minority influence
Investigated how either perceived competency or self‐interest‐and Zeitgeist affect minority influence, or: how Moscovici's theory does apply to actual social minorities. The self‐interest notion predicts that ‘single’ minorities (deviating only in terms of beliefs) are more influential than ‘double’ minorities (deviating also in category membership) while the competency notion predicts the reverse. Further, either minority is expected to be influ…
Risk Factors for Ethnic Prejudice During Early Adolescence
This study examines risk factors for ethnic prejudice during early adolescence in a sample of Italian middle school students (N=187). It was predicted that low peer status would be associated with negative ratings of ethnic out‐groups, but that this relation would be moderated by self‐esteem. It was further hypothesized that individuals and their self‐nominated groups would be similar with regard to ethnic prejudice, and that antisocial behavior …
Threat, Group Identification, and Children's Ethnic Prejudice
This experiment tested predictions from social identity development theory (SIDT, Nesdale, 1999 ), that children's tendency to show out‐group prejudice depends on the strength of their in‐group identification and/or their perception of threat from the out‐group. Anglo‐Australian children (N= 480) aged 6, 7, or 9 years were assigned to a high‐status team and their identification with the in‐group (high vs. low) was manipulated together with threat…
Gay- and Lesbian-Sounding Auditory Cues Elicit Stereotyping and Discrimination
The growing body of literature on the recognition of sexual orientation from voice ("auditory gaydar") is silent on the cognitive and social consequences of having a gay-/lesbian- versus heterosexual-sounding voice. We investigated this issue in four studies (overall N = 276), conducted in Italian language, in which heterosexual listeners were exposed to single-sentence voice samples of gay/lesbian and heterosexual speakers. In all four studies, …
Minority influence: Personal relevance biases cognitive processes and reverses private acceptance
Social categorization in minority influence: The case of homosexuality
Three experiments were conducted in order to compare the influence of ingroup and outgroup minorities and to assess the role of Zeitgeist perception in minority influence. The results confirmed that ingroup minorities are more influential than outgroup minorities. This overall finding was observed in two different experimental paradigms, using either a small group setting in which subjects interacted with the minority or the simultaneous social i…
Accuracy of eyewitness identification in a field setting
Shielding Women Against Status Loss: The Masculine Form and Its Alternatives in the Italian Language
It is well established that the masculine form (MF) makes women invisible, yet little is known about which form of feminization represents the most appropriate alternative. In the present study, conducted in Italian language, the authors compared the MF (e.g., avvocato, lawyer) with two forms of feminization, namely, the asymmetrical and traditional suffix "-essa" (traditional forms of feminization [TFF], e.g., avvocatessa) that is currently in u…
Illusory correlation and social categorization: Toward an integration of motivational and cognitive factors in stereotype formation
Groups in space: Stereotypes and the spatial agency bias
Linguistic intergroup bias: Differential expectancies or in-group protection
The linguistic intergroup bias describes the tendency to communicate positive in-group and negative out-group behaviors more abstractly than negative in-group and positive out-group behaviors. This article investigated whether this bias is driven by differential expectancies or by in-group protective motives. In Experiment 1, northern and southern Italian participants (N = 151) described positive and negative behaviors of northern or southern pro…
The role of social categorization and perceived source credibility in minority influence
This study was conducted in order to compare the influence of ingroup and outgroup minorities and to assess the role of perceived source credibility in minority influence. The subjects were exposed to the simultaneous majority/minority influence paradigm. Ingroup minorities were more influential than outgroup minorities. Subjects moved toward the minority position in private and toward the majority position in public when the minority was represe…
Communication and group life: How language and symbols shape intergroup relations
In this article, we review the different functions that language and symbols (in particular clothing) fulfill in group life; language and clothing are rarely, if ever, discussed together in the same conceptual space. Our review includes a consideration of how social identities are communicated and discredited, boundaries crossed, and group norms established, maintained, and regulated. Throughout, we integrate motivational and social-cognitive app…
Strategies of American Water Management
The effects of differential ascribed category membership and norms on minority influence
Investigated how either perceived competency or self‐interest‐and Zeitgeist affect minority influence, or: how Moscovici's theory does apply to actual social minorities. The self‐interest notion predicts that ‘single’ minorities (deviating only in terms of beliefs) are more influential than ‘double’ minorities (deviating also in category membership) while the competency notion predicts the reverse. Further, either minority is expected to be influ…
Accuracy of eyewitness identification in a field setting
Internalization versus compliance: Differential processes underlying minority influence and conformity
Two experiments investigated whether minority influence and conformity operate by the same or by different processes. It was predicted that subjects who were simultaneously exposed to a majority and a minority opinion would move towards the minority in private but towards the majority in public. The results of Experiment 1 supported this hypothesis. Experiment 2 investigated three hypotheses predicting that (1) the above interaction would be repl…
Hidden impact of minorities: Fifteen years of minority influence research
Relationship factors as predictors of causal attributions about sexual experiences
Conversion theory and simultaneous majority/minority influence: Can reactance offer an alternative explanation
This study tested whether reactance theory can account for private acceptance of a minority opinion under simultaneous majority/minority influence (reactance against majority rather than conversion toward minority). Subjects were either exposed to simultaneous majority /minority influence or to a majority source only. As predicted by conversion theory, subjects moved away from the majority only in private and in the presence of a consistent minor…
Social categorization in minority influence: The case of homosexuality
Three experiments were conducted in order to compare the influence of ingroup and outgroup minorities and to assess the role of Zeitgeist perception in minority influence. The results confirmed that ingroup minorities are more influential than outgroup minorities. This overall finding was observed in two different experimental paradigms, using either a small group setting in which subjects interacted with the minority or the simultaneous social i…
The role of social categorization and perceived source credibility in minority influence
This study was conducted in order to compare the influence of ingroup and outgroup minorities and to assess the role of perceived source credibility in minority influence. The subjects were exposed to the simultaneous majority/minority influence paradigm. Ingroup minorities were more influential than outgroup minorities. Subjects moved toward the minority position in private and toward the majority position in public when the minority was represe…
Effects of an International Conflict Simulation on Perceptions of the Soviet Union: A Firebreaks Backfire
FIREBREAKS is a nuclear war education game in which participants role play U.S. or Soviet advisors weighing possible military action in a simulated Persian Gulf conflict. As a consequence of the insights gained from the experience, game participants are expected to show (a) reduced nationalism, (b) reduced negativity toward the Soviets, (c) less reliance on nuclear solutions to conflicts, and (d) greater political activism on nuclear topics. Howe…
Illusory correlation and social categorization: Toward an integration of motivational and cognitive factors in stereotype formation
Language use in intergroup contexts: The linguistic intergroup bias
Three experiments examine how the type of language used to describe in-group and out-group behaviors contributes to the transmission and persistence of social stereotypes.Two experiments tested the hypothesis that people encode and communicate desirable in-group and undesirable out-group behaviors more abstractly than undesirable in-group and desirable out-group behaviors.Experiment 1 provided strong support for this hypothesis using a fixed-resp…
The effects of majority size on minority influence
Two experiments investigated the role of majority size (social pressure) in minority influence. Opposite predictions were derived from an attributional account and two social impact models. In Experiment 1 there was a tendency for minority influence to decrease with increasing majority size when the minority argued against gay rights. The results were stronger and clearer in Experiment 2. For pro‐abortion minorities, the minority's impact clearly…
Minority influence and social categorization
In this article, a theoretical distinction is proposed between representative outgroup minorities (representative of a minority category in the society, e.g. gays) and dissident outgroup minorities (defined as a minority subgroup within a larger outgroup category). Two studies are reported comparing the social influence of dissident outgroup minorities with that of ingroup minorities (belonging to the subject's own social category). It was predic…
Intergroup Biases and the Cognitive Dynamics of Stereotype Formation
We propose that cognitive and motivational processes—generally treated as largely independent phenomena—interact in stereotype formation and maintenance such that purely cognitive processes are altered by ingroup-protective biases associated with own group membership. We report four studies on illusory correlation formation showing that processing of group-relevant information by group members, in contrast to unaffiliated observers, is guided by …
Social influence: The role of originality
Two experiments investigated the role of message originality vs. conventionality in social influence. It was hypothesized that subjects would generate more original proposals when confronted with a minority advocating an original viewpoint than when confronted with a conventional minority proposal or with an original majority proposal. In the first experiment, subjects exposed to an original minority paired with a conventional majority produced a…
Minority influence: Personal relevance biases cognitive processes and reverses private acceptance
Linguistic intergroup bias: Differential expectancies or in-group protection
The linguistic intergroup bias describes the tendency to communicate positive in-group and negative out-group behaviors more abstractly than negative in-group and positive out-group behaviors. This article investigated whether this bias is driven by differential expectancies or by in-group protective motives. In Experiment 1, northern and southern Italian participants (N = 151) described positive and negative behaviors of northern or southern pro…
Linguistic intergroup bias: Evidence for in-group-protective motivation
Linguistic intergroup bias (LIB) is the tendency to describe positive in-group and negative out-group behaviors more abstractly than negative in-group and positive out-group behaviors. Two experiments investigated the role of in-group-protective motives, by varying threat to ingroup identity of hunters vs. environmentalists (Experiment 1, N=160) and northern vs. southern Italians (Experiment 2, N=212). Participants whose in-group had or had not b…
Implicit Versus Explicit Strategies of Out-Group Discrimination: The Role of Intentional Control in Biased Language Use and Reward Allocation
This article addresses the role of intentional control in intergroup favouritism and out-group discrimination. We hypothesise that explicit strategies of discrimination (reward allocation, trait attributions) are under people's intentional control, whereas the linguistic intergroup bias (LIB) represents a strategy that allows relatively little conscious control. An experiment is reported in which basketball fans (N = 88) of two different teams we…
Hindsight Bias: Impaired Memory or Biased Reconstruction
The hindsight bias is the tendency for people to believe falsely that they would have predicted the outcome of an event, once the outcome is known. Although there is a rich literature on hindsight distortions, the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. The present paper addresses the question whether hindsight distiortions represent the result of memory impairment or biased reconstruction processes. The majority of studies presented …
Reactions to perceived deprivation in ingroup and outgroup: A cross-cultural comparison
An experiment is reported in which the reactions of observers to the relative and absolute deprivation of others are assessed. Eighty German and 80 Italian subjects made decisions about ingroup (own nationality) or outgroup (foreign) protagonists suffering high or low relative and absolute deprivation. Results showed that subjects were more likely to take social action that violated some rule when the protagonist was in high rather than low absol…
On the (dis-)confirmability of stereotypic attributes
Two experiments investigated the linguistic abstractness and confirmability of elements contained in ingroup and outgroup stereotypes. The first experiment shows that positive elements of the ingroup stereotype (Italians) and negative elements of the outgroup stereotype (Jews, Germans) tended to be particularly abstract. Also, negative elements contained in the outgroup stereotypes required relatively little evidence to be considered ‘true’ but m…
Linguistic Intergroup Bias: Stereotype Perpetuation Through Language
Studying Sexual Harassment in the Laboratory: Are Egalitarian Women at Higher Risk
Psychology (75 works) · Social Psychology (67 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (46 works) · Social Psychology (31 works) · Cultural Differences and Values (28 works) · Developmental psychology (26 works) · Linguistics (22 works) · Social group (18 works) · Social identity theory (18 works) · Cognition (16 works)