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Christopher P Barlett

Biographic Data

ID145175
NAMEChristopher P Barlett
GIVEN NAMESChristopher P
FAMILY NAMEBarlett
SIGNATUREBARLETT C P
AFFILIATIONSGettysburg College
ORCID0000-0003-4065-1126
VERIFIEDYes
TOTAL WORKS50
TOTAL CITATIONS144
AUTHOR COUNT50
EDITOR COUNT0
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR2007
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2026
H-INDEX7
  • The Predictors and Consequences of Cyberbullying Perpetration and Cyber‐Victimization: The Development of a New Cyberbullying Theory

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Douglas A Gentile et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Adolescence•2026

    INTRODUCTION: Extensive research has demonstrated the deleterious effects of both cyberbullying perpetration and cyberbullying victimization on youth and adults alike. Most research, to date, is segmented into focusing on the predictors of cyberbullying perpetration or the outcomes of being cyber-victimized, which presents an incomplete theoretical understanding of cyberbullying. Therefore, the current research tests a novel theory that combines …

  • When Anonymity Fades: Continued Impact of an Intervention Targeting Emerging Adult Cyberbullying

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Jordan E Scott•ARTICLE•Aggressive Behavior•2026

    Research has demonstrated the psychological and behavioral consequences of cyberbullying—for both perpetrators and victims alike. These effects highlight the importance of continued empirical attention towards validating efficacious cyberbullying interventions. However, the majority of cyberbullying interventions target youth and employ in‐person and whole‐school lessons that are derived from theory that does not distinguish traditional and cyber…

  • Makeup works by modifying factors of facial beauty

    Carlota Batres, Alisha Lola Jones et al.•ARTICLE•Psychology of Aesthetics…•2025

  • Traumatizing others and getting traumatized online: Examining the mediating influences of cyberbullying perpetration and victimization via the Integrative Cyberbullying Theory

    Jordan E Scott, Christopher P Barlett•ARTICLE•Psychological Trauma Theory…•2025

    We supported the Integrative Cyberbullying Theory postulates and then discussed these results from a theoretical lens. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved)

  • Restrictive Media Parenting Associated With Reduced Cyberbullying in Early Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study

    Open Access•Xiaoqi Ma, Jennifer L Doty et al.•ARTICLE•The Journal of Early Adolescence•2025•Cited by: 1•References: 11

    Transitioning to adolescence in the digital age creates both opportunities and challenges for early adolescents, who are at risk for cyberbullying. Parents and youths report perceived incompetence in dealing with cyberbullying; however, most past studies reflect mixed findings on cross-sectional relationships between restrictive media parenting and adolescent cyberbullying. The current study aims to explore longitudinal connections between restri…

  • Testing the direct and indirect relationship between media violence exposure and cyberbullying perpetration

    Christopher P Barlett•ARTICLE•Psychology of Popular Media•2024

  • Cyberbullying process in US adolescents and their parents: Testing and extending the Barlett Gentile cyberbullying model

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett•ARTICLE•Aggressive Behavior•2024•References: 34

    The purpose of the current research was to test the dual processes involved in predicting cyberbullying perpetration in a sample of US parent−child dyads. The Barlett Gentile cyberbullying model (BGCM) posits how positive cyberbullying attitudes mediate the relationship between anonymity perceptions and cyberbullying perpetration; however, less is known about (a) whether this mediated link is significant for youth and adults alike, (b) if the str…

  • Thinking through the social world: Further exploring the direct, moderated, and mediated relationship between need for cognition and aggression

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett•ARTICLE•Aggressive Behavior•2024•References: 30

    Findings from a paucity of research suggest that need for cognition (NFC) is negatively correlated with trait aggression. The correlational nature of the data juxtaposed with the reliance on assessing trait aggression negates causal claims regarding this relationship. The objective of the current research to expand our understanding of the relationship between NFC and aggression in the following ways: (1) focus on state, rather than trait, aggres…

  • A model of personal relationships and cyberbullying perpetration among adolescents: A person*environment model

    Open Access•Jennifer L Doty, Christopher P Barlett et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Social and Personal…•2024•Cited by: 2•References: 111

    Although cyberbullying is relational by nature, prior models focused on individual explanations for cyberbullying rather than integrating contextual processes. We present the Relational Model of Cyberbullying Motivation and Regulation (RMC). This model applies the concepts of proximal processes (e.g., interactions with parents, teachers, peers) from ecological systems theory and the concepts of psychological resources (e.g., autonomy, competency,…

  • Predicting Cyberbullying Perpetration in US Elementary School Children

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett•ARTICLE•International Journal of…•2023

    Cyberbullying has emerged as a societal issue, and the majority of the research examining cyberbullying perpetration samples adolescent and/or emerging adult populations. A paucity of empirical attention has focused on young children (aged 8-10) regarding their cyberbullying frequency and predictors. The current study sampled 142 US youth aged 8-10 years and assessed their cyberbullying perpetration rate and cellular phone ownership. Results indi…

  • Thinking through situations: The mediating role of rumination in the relationship between need for cognition and aggression

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett•ARTICLE•Aggressive Behavior•2023•Cited by: 2•References: 29

    Need for cognition (NFC)—a stable personality trait associated with the enjoyment of thinking—has been shown to influence myriad social situations; however, no research has tested the direct and indirect effects of NFC on aggression. We predicted that NFC would negatively correlate with aggression, which would be mediated by rumination. Participants ( N = 216 US adults) completed measures assessing NFC, aggression, and rumination. In line with ou…

  • Learning to cyberbully: Longitudinal relations between cyberbullying attitudes and perpetration and the moderating influence of participant sex: A brief report

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Sarah M Coyne•ARTICLE•Aggressive Behavior•2023•References: 21

    Scholars have contended that cyberbullying perpetration is a learned social behavior, and one way to show evidence for cyberbullying learning is to test the longitudinal reciprocal relationships between cyberbullying behavior and related cyberbullying‐related cognitions (e.g., attitudes). A paucity of research has tested these learning tenets, and no research that we are aware of has examined the moderating role of sex. The current study used a t…

  • Schadenfreude in the context of opposing vaccination statuses

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Brian P Meier•ARTICLE•European Journal of Social…•2023•Cited by: 1•References: 23

    Schadenfreude (experiencing pleasure at others’ misfortune) has been found in a variety of contexts and setting. We sought to determine if it occurred in relation to COVID‐19 vaccination status given the ingroup–outgroup nature of this factor. In three experimental studies, we asked participants to read about a pro‐ or anti‐vaccine physician who reportedly died from COVID‐19 complications. In Study 1 ( N = 83 US emerging adults [39.8% male]) full…

  • Racism behind the screen: Examining the mediating and moderating relationships between anonymity, online disinhibition, and cyber-racism

    Christopher P Barlett, Jordan E Scott•ARTICLE•Journal of Personality and Social…•2023•Cited by: 1

    Cyber-racism has emerged as a societal issue that affects many youths and adults; however, no published work has elucidated the psychological processes germane to predicting cyber-racism perpetration. Theory-without data to support its postulates-argues that online disinhibition mediates the relationship between anonymity afforded the online user and cyber-racism. The purpose of the current research was to examine this prediction and add to the t…

  • Victims of Cyberbullying: Feeling Loneliness and Depression among Youth and Adult Chileans during the Pandemic

    Open Access•Jorge J Varela, Cristóbal Hernández et al.•ARTICLE•International Journal of…•2022

    In Chile, during the COVID-19 pandemic, reports of cyberbullying victimization increased for adolescents and younger adults. Research has shown that cyber-victims-adolescents and young adults alike-are at greater risk for mental health problems such as depression as a result of this negative type of aggression. Yet, a paucity of research has examined the individual mechanisms germane to cyber-victim depression. We focused on loneliness for the cu…

  • Are mindful people less aggressive? The role of emotion regulation in the relations between mindfulness and aggression

    Open Access•El‐lim Kim, Douglas A Gentile et al.•ARTICLE•Aggressive Behavior•2022•Cited by: 2•References: 88

    Inducing mindfulness has shown a promising effect on reducing aggression in both clinical and nonclinical populations, possibly because mindfulness can improve emotion regulation. The present study examined the association between mindfulness and aggression through potential mediating effects of several emotion regulation strategies. University and community samples of U.S. adults completed questionnaires on mindfulness, emotion regulation strate…

  • Muscles, popularity, social capital, and computer skills: Examining “power” in cyberbullying

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Brendan R Roth et al.•ARTICLE•Aggressive Behavior•2022•Cited by: 1•References: 30

    Traditional bullying perpetration explicates the importance of a power differential between the bully and the victim—predominantly physical and/or social status. The application of power from traditional to cyberbullying is unclear. The current research utilized a longitudinal study to examine the relationships between four different derivations of power—belief in the irrelevance of muscularity for online bullying (BIMOB), social capital, harmful…

  • Cyberbullying perpetration in the Covid-19 era: An application of general strain theory

    Christopher P Barlett, Alexis M Rinker et al.•ARTICLE•The Journal of Social Psychology•2021

    The world is currently grappling with the medical, psychological, economic, and behavioral consequences of the COVID-19 global pandemic. The existing research has rightly been focused on the medical contributions - treatment, symptoms, prevalence, etc. - which are paramount. A paucity of research has tested the psychological and behavioral consequences of COVID-19. In two cross-sectional studies of US adults, we posited that personal (e.g., being…

  • Comparing cyberbullying prevalence and process before and during the Covid-19 pandemic

    Christopher P Barlett, Eugene M Rasmusson et al.•ARTICLE•The Journal of Social Psychology•2021

    The psychological consequences of the global COVID-19 pandemic are just now starting to be understood; however, the behavioral consequences are less understood. Thus, the current report examined whether cyberbullying processes and frequency are affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. We compared US adult participant data from six months before the start of the pandemic (July 2019; n = 181) to data collected in the middle of the pandemic (May, 2020; n …

  • Cross‐cultural similarities and differences in the theoretical predictors of cyberbullying perpetration: Results from a seven‐country study

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Luke W Seyfert et al.•ARTICLE•Aggressive Behavior•2021•Cited by: 1•References: 34

    The Barlett Gentile cyberbullying model (BGCM) posits that correlated anonymity perceptions and the belief in the irrelevance of muscularity for online bullying (BIMOB) predict positive cyberbullying attitudes to predict subsequent cyberbullying perpetration. Much research has shown the BGCM to be the only published theory that differentiates traditional and cyberbullying while validly predicting cyberbullying. So far, however, the cross‐cultural…

  • You’re not anonymous online: The development and validation of a new cyberbullying intervention curriculum

    Christopher P Barlett, J Bailey Heath et al.•ARTICLE•Psychology of Popular Media•2020

  • Disability Self-Identification and Well-Being in Emerging Adults

    Open Access•Holly M Chalk, Christopher P Barlett et al.•ARTICLE•Emerging Adulthood•2019

    Research suggests that emerging adults (EAs) with a disabling impairment experience poor psychosocial outcomes and delayed markers of adulthood. Given the numbers of EA with a disabling impairment who do not self-identify as having a disability, we examine a multigroup structural model of positive disability identity based on disability self-identification. Participants ( n = 2,016) completed assessments of positive disability identity, psychosoc…

  • Transitioning Through Emerging Adulthood and Physical Health Implications

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Natalie D Barlett et al.•ARTICLE•Emerging Adulthood•2018

    Emerging adulthood represents a developmental period marked by many life transitions as 18- to 29-year-olds leave adolescence to adulthood. Some individuals can successfully navigate through this transitional period, whereas others may struggle. Past research has shown individual differences in the perceptions of the (un)success of emerging adulthood transition can predict mental health outcomes; however, there is a paucity of studies testing phy…

  • Learning to cyberbully: An extension of the Barlett Gentile cyberbullying model

    Christopher P Barlett, Douglas A Kowalewski•ARTICLE•Psychology of Popular Media Culture•2018•Cited by: 5

  • Testing the relationship between media violence exposure and cyberbullying perpetration

    Christopher P Barlett, Douglas A Kowalewski et al.•ARTICLE•Psychology of Popular Media Culture•2018•Cited by: 2•References: 4

Next
  • A meta‐analysis of sex differences in cyber‐bullying behavior: The moderating role of age

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Christopher Barlett et al.•ARTICLE•Aggressive Behavior•2014•Cited by: 24•References: 106

    The current research used meta-analysis to determine whether (a) sex differences emerged in cyber-bullying frequency, (b) if age moderated any sex effect, and (c) if any additional moderators (e.g., publication year and status, country and continent of data collection) influenced the sex effect. Theoretically, if cyber-bullying is considered a form of traditional bullying and aggression, males are likely to cyber-bully more than females. Converse…

  • Attacking others online: The formation of cyberbullying in late adolescence

    Christopher P Barlett, Douglas A Gentile•ARTICLE•Psychology of Popular Media Culture•2012•Cited by: 22•References: 5

    Cyberbullying frequency is related to a wide range of negative outcomes. Little research has attempted to delineate the long-term predictors and mechanisms to predict cyberbullying. Study 1 (N 493) used a correlational study that tested our long-term model of cyberbullying. This model predicted that cyberbullying is a function of positive attitudes toward cyberbullying, which are formed by attitudes toward strength and anonymity that exists in ag…

  • The effect of the amount of blood in a violent video game on aggression, hostility, and arousal

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Richard J Harris et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Experimental Social…•2007•Cited by: 12•References: 22

  • Anonymously hurting others online: The effect of anonymity on cyberbullying frequency

    Christopher P Barlett•ARTICLE•Psychology of Popular Media Culture•2013•Cited by: 11•References: 4

    Cyberbullying (CB) has recently become a significant issue in today’s society. Given the myriad negative consequences to the cyber-victim, it is important to determine what variables predict CB frequency. Based on broader psychological and communication theory, I predict that anonymity will (a) directly predict CB frequency, (b) moderate the relation between positive attitudes toward CB and CB frequency, and (c) mediate the relation between insta…

  • Cross-Cultural Differences in Cyberbullying Behavior: A Short-Term Longitudinal Study

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Douglas A Gentile et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Cross-Cultural…•2014•Cited by: 8•References: 26

    The current study tested the relation between culture and cyberbullying using a short-term longitudinal research design. College-aged participants from the United States ( n = 293) and Japan ( n = 722) completed several questionnaires at Wave 1 that measured cyberbullying frequency, cyberbullying reinforcement, positive attitudes toward cyberbullying, and interdependent self-construal. Approximately 2 months later, participants completed the cybe…

  • Predicting cyberbullying from anonymity

    Christopher P Barlett, Douglas A Gentile et al.•ARTICLE•Psychology of Popular Media Culture•2014•Cited by: 7•References: 8

  • The Impact of Body Emphasizing Video Games on Body Image Concerns in Men and Women

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Richard Harris et al.•ARTICLE•Sex Roles•2008•Cited by: 7•References: 4

  • Longer you play, the more hostile you feel: Examination of first person shooter video games and aggression during video game play

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Richard J Harris et al.•ARTICLE•Aggressive Behavior•2007•Cited by: 6•References: 38

    This study investigated the effects of video game play on aggression. Using the General Aggression Model, as applied to video games by Anderson and Bushman, [2002] this study measured physiological arousal, state hostility, and how aggressively participants would respond to three hypothetical scenarios. In addition, this study measured each of these variables multiple times to gauge how aggression would change with increased video game play. Resu…

  • Learning to cyberbully: An extension of the Barlett Gentile cyberbullying model

    Christopher P Barlett, Douglas A Kowalewski•ARTICLE•Psychology of Popular Media Culture•2018•Cited by: 5

  • Longitudinal relations between early online disinhibition and anonymity perceptions on later cyberbullying perpetration: A theoretical test on youth

    Christopher P Barlett, Kaitlyn M Helmstetter•ARTICLE•Psychology of Popular Media Culture•2017•Cited by: 5

  • Examining the relation between parental ignorance and youths’ cyberbullying perpetration

    Christopher P Barlett, Miranda J Fennel•ARTICLE•Psychology of Popular Media Culture•2016•Cited by: 5

  • Ego‐depletion and aggressive behavior

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Christopher Barlett et al.•ARTICLE•Aggressive Behavior•2016•Cited by: 5•References: 23

    Multiple theoretical frameworks postulate that ego-depletion can influence aggressive behavior. Our experimental study assessed whether ego-depletion is related to aggressive behavioral change and whether provocation moderated this effect. Aggression was measured by asking participants to take raffle tickets from an ostensible partner. First, participants were randomly assigned to either high or low ego-depletion (by having them memorize a short …

  • Effects of realism on extended violent and nonviolent video game play on aggressive thoughts, feelings, and physiological arousal

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Christopher D Rodeheffer et al.•ARTICLE•Aggressive Behavior•2009•Cited by: 5•References: 25

    Previous research has shown that playing violent video game exposure can increase aggressive thoughts, aggressive feelings, and physiological arousal. This study compared the effects that playing a realistic violent, unrealistic violent, or nonviolent video game for 45 min has on such variables. For the purpose of this study, realism was defined as the probability of seeing an event in real life. Participants ( N =74; 39 male, 35 female) played e…

  • Predicting cyberbullying perpetration in emerging adults: A theoretical test of the Barlett Gentile Cyberbullying Model

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Christopher Barlett et al.•ARTICLE•Aggressive Behavior•2017•Cited by: 3•References: 24

    The Barlett and Gentile Cyberbullying Model (BGCM) is a learning-based theory that posits the importance of positive cyberbullying attitudes predicting subsequent cyberbullying perpetration. Furthermore, the tenants of the BGCM state that cyberbullying attitude are likely to form when the online aggressor believes that the online environment allows individuals of all physical sizes to harm others and they are perceived as anonymous. Past work has…

  • How long do the short‐term violent video game effects last

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Christopher Barlett et al.•ARTICLE•Aggressive Behavior•2009•Cited by: 3•References: 26

    How long do the effects of the initial short‐term increase in aggression and physiological arousal last after violent video game play? Study 1 ( N =91) had participants complete pre‐ and postvideo game measures of aggressive thoughts, aggressive feelings, and heart rate. Then, participants completed Time 3 measures after 4 min or 9 min of delay. Study 2 employed a similar procedure, but had participants ( N =91) complete the hot sauce paradigm to…

  • A model of personal relationships and cyberbullying perpetration among adolescents: A person*environment model

    Open Access•Jennifer L Doty, Christopher P Barlett et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Social and Personal…•2024•Cited by: 2•References: 111

    Although cyberbullying is relational by nature, prior models focused on individual explanations for cyberbullying rather than integrating contextual processes. We present the Relational Model of Cyberbullying Motivation and Regulation (RMC). This model applies the concepts of proximal processes (e.g., interactions with parents, teachers, peers) from ecological systems theory and the concepts of psychological resources (e.g., autonomy, competency,…

  • Thinking through situations: The mediating role of rumination in the relationship between need for cognition and aggression

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett•ARTICLE•Aggressive Behavior•2023•Cited by: 2•References: 29

    Need for cognition (NFC)—a stable personality trait associated with the enjoyment of thinking—has been shown to influence myriad social situations; however, no research has tested the direct and indirect effects of NFC on aggression. We predicted that NFC would negatively correlate with aggression, which would be mediated by rumination. Participants ( N = 216 US adults) completed measures assessing NFC, aggression, and rumination. In line with ou…

  • Are mindful people less aggressive? The role of emotion regulation in the relations between mindfulness and aggression

    Open Access•El‐lim Kim, Douglas A Gentile et al.•ARTICLE•Aggressive Behavior•2022•Cited by: 2•References: 88

    Inducing mindfulness has shown a promising effect on reducing aggression in both clinical and nonclinical populations, possibly because mindfulness can improve emotion regulation. The present study examined the association between mindfulness and aggression through potential mediating effects of several emotion regulation strategies. University and community samples of U.S. adults completed questionnaires on mindfulness, emotion regulation strate…

  • Testing the relationship between media violence exposure and cyberbullying perpetration

    Christopher P Barlett, Douglas A Kowalewski et al.•ARTICLE•Psychology of Popular Media Culture•2018•Cited by: 2•References: 4

  • Breaking the link between provocation and aggression: The role of mitigating information

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Christopher Barlett et al.•ARTICLE•Aggressive Behavior•2016•Cited by: 2•References: 27

    In two experimental studies, we examine the extent to which strong or weak mitigating information after a provocation alters aggressive responding. In Study 1, we randomly assigned 215 (108 female) college-aged participants to a strong or weak provocation by having a research assistant talk to the participant about failing a task in a harsh or confused tone. This was followed by a second research assistant giving a strong or weak excuse to the pa…

  • Restrictive Media Parenting Associated With Reduced Cyberbullying in Early Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study

    Open Access•Xiaoqi Ma, Jennifer L Doty et al.•ARTICLE•The Journal of Early Adolescence•2025•Cited by: 1•References: 11

    Transitioning to adolescence in the digital age creates both opportunities and challenges for early adolescents, who are at risk for cyberbullying. Parents and youths report perceived incompetence in dealing with cyberbullying; however, most past studies reflect mixed findings on cross-sectional relationships between restrictive media parenting and adolescent cyberbullying. The current study aims to explore longitudinal connections between restri…

  • Schadenfreude in the context of opposing vaccination statuses

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Brian P Meier•ARTICLE•European Journal of Social…•2023•Cited by: 1•References: 23

    Schadenfreude (experiencing pleasure at others’ misfortune) has been found in a variety of contexts and setting. We sought to determine if it occurred in relation to COVID‐19 vaccination status given the ingroup–outgroup nature of this factor. In three experimental studies, we asked participants to read about a pro‐ or anti‐vaccine physician who reportedly died from COVID‐19 complications. In Study 1 ( N = 83 US emerging adults [39.8% male]) full…

  • Racism behind the screen: Examining the mediating and moderating relationships between anonymity, online disinhibition, and cyber-racism

    Christopher P Barlett, Jordan E Scott•ARTICLE•Journal of Personality and Social…•2023•Cited by: 1

    Cyber-racism has emerged as a societal issue that affects many youths and adults; however, no published work has elucidated the psychological processes germane to predicting cyber-racism perpetration. Theory-without data to support its postulates-argues that online disinhibition mediates the relationship between anonymity afforded the online user and cyber-racism. The purpose of the current research was to examine this prediction and add to the t…

  • Muscles, popularity, social capital, and computer skills: Examining “power” in cyberbullying

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Brendan R Roth et al.•ARTICLE•Aggressive Behavior•2022•Cited by: 1•References: 30

    Traditional bullying perpetration explicates the importance of a power differential between the bully and the victim—predominantly physical and/or social status. The application of power from traditional to cyberbullying is unclear. The current research utilized a longitudinal study to examine the relationships between four different derivations of power—belief in the irrelevance of muscularity for online bullying (BIMOB), social capital, harmful…

  • Cross‐cultural similarities and differences in the theoretical predictors of cyberbullying perpetration: Results from a seven‐country study

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Luke W Seyfert et al.•ARTICLE•Aggressive Behavior•2021•Cited by: 1•References: 34

    The Barlett Gentile cyberbullying model (BGCM) posits that correlated anonymity perceptions and the belief in the irrelevance of muscularity for online bullying (BIMOB) predict positive cyberbullying attitudes to predict subsequent cyberbullying perpetration. Much research has shown the BGCM to be the only published theory that differentiates traditional and cyberbullying while validly predicting cyberbullying. So far, however, the cross‐cultural…

  • Longer you play, the more hostile you feel: Examination of first person shooter video games and aggression during video game play

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Richard J Harris et al.•ARTICLE•Aggressive Behavior•2007•Cited by: 6•References: 38

    This study investigated the effects of video game play on aggression. Using the General Aggression Model, as applied to video games by Anderson and Bushman, [2002] this study measured physiological arousal, state hostility, and how aggressively participants would respond to three hypothetical scenarios. In addition, this study measured each of these variables multiple times to gauge how aggression would change with increased video game play. Resu…

  • The effect of the amount of blood in a violent video game on aggression, hostility, and arousal

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Richard J Harris et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Experimental Social…•2007•Cited by: 12•References: 22

  • Meta-Analyses of the Effects of Media Images on Men's Body-image Concerns

    Christopher P Barlett, Christopher L Vowels et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Social and Clinical…•2008

    Two meta-analyses were conducted to determine the extent to which pressure from the mass media to conform to the muscular “ideal” male body affects men's self-images (i.e., body satisfaction, body esteem, and self-esteem). A total of 25 studies contributing 93 effect sizes were included in two meta-analyses, which revealed that pressure from the mass media was significantly related to men feeling worse about their own bodies. The effect size from…

  • Individual differences in negative affect repair

    Scott H Hemenover, Adam A Augustine et al.•ARTICLE•Emotion•2008

    The extant literature implicates affect repair ability as one source of individual differences in negative affect. Emerging from this literature are three regulatory traits that should predict repair ability (negative mood regulation expectancies, monitoring, labeling), yet no experimental examination of this possibility exists. Two studies explored this issue. Participants (Ns=305, 146) watched negative affect-inducing videos and completed a rep…

  • The Impact of Body Emphasizing Video Games on Body Image Concerns in Men and Women

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Richard Harris et al.•ARTICLE•Sex Roles•2008•Cited by: 7•References: 4

  • How long do the short‐term violent video game effects last

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Christopher Barlett et al.•ARTICLE•Aggressive Behavior•2009•Cited by: 3•References: 26

    How long do the effects of the initial short‐term increase in aggression and physiological arousal last after violent video game play? Study 1 ( N =91) had participants complete pre‐ and postvideo game measures of aggressive thoughts, aggressive feelings, and heart rate. Then, participants completed Time 3 measures after 4 min or 9 min of delay. Study 2 employed a similar procedure, but had participants ( N =91) complete the hot sauce paradigm to…

  • Effects of realism on extended violent and nonviolent video game play on aggressive thoughts, feelings, and physiological arousal

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Christopher D Rodeheffer et al.•ARTICLE•Aggressive Behavior•2009•Cited by: 5•References: 25

    Previous research has shown that playing violent video game exposure can increase aggressive thoughts, aggressive feelings, and physiological arousal. This study compared the effects that playing a realistic violent, unrealistic violent, or nonviolent video game for 45 min has on such variables. For the purpose of this study, realism was defined as the probability of seeing an event in real life. Participants ( N =74; 39 male, 35 female) played e…

  • Examining Media Effects: The General Aggression and General Learning Models

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, C Arnold Anderson•CHAPTER•2012

    The study of screen media effects is becoming especially important because people spend increasing amounts of time on visually realistic entertainment media. This chapter applies two related theoretical frameworks to the study of media effects: the general aggression model (GAM) and the general learning model (GLM). Both theories posit relations between media exposure and internal processes, behavior, and the development of long‐term knowledge st…

  • Sleep as a Mediator of Screen Time Effects on US Children's Health Outcomes: A prospective study

    Natalie D Barlett, Douglas A Gentile et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Children and Media•2012

    There is growing concern regarding the influence of media exposure on American children's health and development. The current prospective study tested the direct relations between media exposure, sleep, and various health outcomes (e.g. attention problems, aggression, and body composition) and the indirect effect of media exposure through sleep disturbances. Child participants (N = 1,317) completed measures of media consumption and sleep. Teacher…

  • Attacking others online: The formation of cyberbullying in late adolescence

    Christopher P Barlett, Douglas A Gentile•ARTICLE•Psychology of Popular Media Culture•2012•Cited by: 22•References: 5

    Cyberbullying frequency is related to a wide range of negative outcomes. Little research has attempted to delineate the long-term predictors and mechanisms to predict cyberbullying. Study 1 (N 493) used a correlational study that tested our long-term model of cyberbullying. This model predicted that cyberbullying is a function of positive attitudes toward cyberbullying, which are formed by attitudes toward strength and anonymity that exists in ag…

  • Excuses, excuses: A meta‐analytic review of how mitigating information can change aggression and an exploration of moderating variables

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett•ARTICLE•Aggressive Behavior•2013

    Research in the aggression domain has been mixed regarding the effectiveness of using mitigating information (e.g., excuses, apologies) to reduce aggressive behavior after a provocation. Aggression theory (e.g., general aggression model) posits that mitigating information may cues re-appraisal processes to potentially change aggressive behavior. If re-appraisal processes are engaged, aggressive behavior is likely to decrease. Currently, no publis…

  • Anonymously hurting others online: The effect of anonymity on cyberbullying frequency

    Christopher P Barlett•ARTICLE•Psychology of Popular Media Culture•2013•Cited by: 11•References: 4

    Cyberbullying (CB) has recently become a significant issue in today’s society. Given the myriad negative consequences to the cyber-victim, it is important to determine what variables predict CB frequency. Based on broader psychological and communication theory, I predict that anonymity will (a) directly predict CB frequency, (b) moderate the relation between positive attitudes toward CB and CB frequency, and (c) mediate the relation between insta…

  • Predicting cyberbullying from anonymity

    Christopher P Barlett, Douglas A Gentile et al.•ARTICLE•Psychology of Popular Media Culture•2014•Cited by: 7•References: 8

  • A meta‐analysis of sex differences in cyber‐bullying behavior: The moderating role of age

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Christopher Barlett et al.•ARTICLE•Aggressive Behavior•2014•Cited by: 24•References: 106

    The current research used meta-analysis to determine whether (a) sex differences emerged in cyber-bullying frequency, (b) if age moderated any sex effect, and (c) if any additional moderators (e.g., publication year and status, country and continent of data collection) influenced the sex effect. Theoretically, if cyber-bullying is considered a form of traditional bullying and aggression, males are likely to cyber-bully more than females. Converse…

  • Cross-Cultural Differences in Cyberbullying Behavior: A Short-Term Longitudinal Study

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Douglas A Gentile et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Cross-Cultural…•2014•Cited by: 8•References: 26

    The current study tested the relation between culture and cyberbullying using a short-term longitudinal research design. College-aged participants from the United States ( n = 293) and Japan ( n = 722) completed several questionnaires at Wave 1 that measured cyberbullying frequency, cyberbullying reinforcement, positive attitudes toward cyberbullying, and interdependent self-construal. Approximately 2 months later, participants completed the cybe…

  • Affective and emotional consequences of the mass media

    Christopher P Barlett, Douglas A Gentile•CHAPTER•Routledge Handbook of Emotions…•2015

  • Using the Risk and Resilience Approach to Predict Psychopathy in an Emerging Adult Sample

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Natalie D Barlett•ARTICLE•Emerging Adulthood•2015

    Psychopathy has been shown to be a risk factor for antisocial behavior, aggression, violence, and criminal offending. Elucidating the variables that predict the likelihood of psychopathy, therefore, is important. The current study used the risk and resiliency approach to test the possible risk and protective factors of primary psychopathy using a noninstitutionalized college-aged sample. Of particular interest, we tested the individual and cumula…

  • Examining the relation between parental ignorance and youths’ cyberbullying perpetration

    Christopher P Barlett, Miranda J Fennel•ARTICLE•Psychology of Popular Media Culture•2016•Cited by: 5

  • Breaking the link between provocation and aggression: The role of mitigating information

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Christopher Barlett et al.•ARTICLE•Aggressive Behavior•2016•Cited by: 2•References: 27

    In two experimental studies, we examine the extent to which strong or weak mitigating information after a provocation alters aggressive responding. In Study 1, we randomly assigned 215 (108 female) college-aged participants to a strong or weak provocation by having a research assistant talk to the participant about failing a task in a harsh or confused tone. This was followed by a second research assistant giving a strong or weak excuse to the pa…

  • Ego‐depletion and aggressive behavior

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Christopher Barlett et al.•ARTICLE•Aggressive Behavior•2016•Cited by: 5•References: 23

    Multiple theoretical frameworks postulate that ego-depletion can influence aggressive behavior. Our experimental study assessed whether ego-depletion is related to aggressive behavioral change and whether provocation moderated this effect. Aggression was measured by asking participants to take raffle tickets from an ostensible partner. First, participants were randomly assigned to either high or low ego-depletion (by having them memorize a short …

  • Longitudinal Relations among Cyber, Physical, and Relational Bullying and Victimization: Comparing Majority and Minority Ethnic Youth

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Michelle F Wright•ARTICLE•Journal of Child & Adolescent…•2017

  • Longitudinal relations between early online disinhibition and anonymity perceptions on later cyberbullying perpetration: A theoretical test on youth

    Christopher P Barlett, Kaitlyn M Helmstetter•ARTICLE•Psychology of Popular Media Culture•2017•Cited by: 5

  • Predicting cyberbullying perpetration in emerging adults: A theoretical test of the Barlett Gentile Cyberbullying Model

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Christopher Barlett et al.•ARTICLE•Aggressive Behavior•2017•Cited by: 3•References: 24

    The Barlett and Gentile Cyberbullying Model (BGCM) is a learning-based theory that posits the importance of positive cyberbullying attitudes predicting subsequent cyberbullying perpetration. Furthermore, the tenants of the BGCM state that cyberbullying attitude are likely to form when the online aggressor believes that the online environment allows individuals of all physical sizes to harm others and they are perceived as anonymous. Past work has…

  • Helping and hurting others: Person and situation effects on aggressive and prosocial behavior as assessed by the Tangram task

    Open Access•Muniba Saleem, Christopher P Barlett et al.•ARTICLE•Aggressive Behavior•2017•References: 43

    The Tangram Help/Hurt Task is a laboratory-based measure designed to simultaneously assess helpful and hurtful behavior. Across five studies we provide evidence that further establishes the convergent and discriminant validity of the Tangram Help/Hurt Task. Cross-sectional and meta-analytic evidence finds consistently significant associations between helpful and hurtful scores on the Tangram Task and prosocial and aggressive personality traits. E…

  • Piecing together the aggression puzzle: Testing the mediating variables linking early to later aggression

    Open Access•Christopher P Barlett, Kaitlyn M Helmstetter et al.•ARTICLE•Aggressive Behavior•2017•Cited by: 1•References: 19

    Results from several studies show that early aggression predicts later aggression; however, few studies have examined the mediating mechanisms in these relations. The paucity of research that has tested mediation found that aggressive motives and hostile attributions are important causal processes. This past work is limited by not measuring aggression multiple times throughout the study to test aggression change over time and the variables that m…

Psychology (48 works) · Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression (38 works) · Social Psychology (35 works) · Developmental psychology (29 works) · Medicine (29 works) · Social Psychology (29 works) · Poison control (25 works) · Medical emergency (20 works) · Human Factors and Ergonomics (18 works) · Injury prevention (18 works)

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