Norbert Zmyj
Biographic Data
| ID | 1463673 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Norbert Zmyj |
| GIVEN NAMES | Norbert |
| FAMILY NAME | Zmyj |
| SIGNATURE | ZMYJ N |
| AFFILIATIONS | TU Dortmund University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2603-0729 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 9 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 3 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 9 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2009 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Infants’ sense of self revisited: Mixed evidence from two studies on 6-month-olds’ preference for delayed visual feedback
It has been reported that infants prefer to look at delayed feedback of their leg movements compared to real-time feedback of their leg movements. In Study 1, 6-month-old infants participated in this delay task and their leg activity was monitored during the task. The infants did not prefer the delayed video image to the real-time video image. There was no robust relation between infants’ leg activity and time spent looking at the delayed video i…
The Relation Between Goal‐Predictive Gaze Behavior and Imitation—A Live Eye‐Tracking Study in 12‐Month‐Olds
Children learn from others by imitating observed behavior. According to some theorists, to imitate an agent's action, infants need to identify the agent's action goal. To test this assumption, goal‐predictive gaze shifts of 104 German 12‐month‐olds (57 female) were measured using live eye‐tracking. These goal‐predictive gaze shifts were related to their imitation of an action performed by a live model. This relationship was controlled for in term…
The two functions of imitation in the second year of life: A longitudinal study
Infant imitation serves a cognitive and a social function. As part of their temperament, infants' attention and social orientation mirror these two functions. This longitudinal study investigated the development of the two functions within the second year of life in German infants ( N = 136, 74 female), using standardized tests at the ages of 12, 18, and 24 months, conducted in 2018 and 2019. We measured temperament using two established parental…
The Development of Preschool Children's Use of the Majority Rule
The majority rule is a core decision‐making principle in groups and democracies, where the preference of over half the members determines the collective outcome. This study investigated whether children aged 3–5 ( N = 156, approximately 50% girls and boys, from predominantly White families) apply the majority rule in a group of peers with differing preferences. Results showed that 5‐year‐olds, but not 3‐ or 4‐year‐olds, were more likely to choose…
Meta-analytic evidence against sex differences in infants’ and toddlers’ preference for prosocial agents
1,094). Although the original studies were agnostic to sex differences, we were able to retrieve the original data sets and estimate the effect of infants' and toddlers' sex on sociomoral preferences. Employing both a standard frequentist and a Bayesian approach to meta-analysis, we found strong evidence supporting the absence of sex differences in sociomoral preferences among infants and toddlers. We discuss the relevance of this finding for the…
German adolescents’ homonegativity and the relationship to their religious denomination and gender role orientation
Although same-sex marriages are legally recognized in many Western societies, prejudices against gay men and lesbians remain and already appear in adolescents. Since a negative attitude toward gay men and lesbians is likely to foster malevolent behaviors, we investigated predictors of homonegativity in adolescents aged between 14 and 16 years. Regression analyses revealed that Muslim religious denomination – but not another or no religious denomi…
Reducing homonegativity among German adolescents: Results of a 6-week follow-up study
Bullying against lesbian and gay adolescents continues to be a problem in Western societies. Interventions to reduce homonegative attitudes could help to address bullying. We evaluated the effectiveness of a workshop against homonegativity in adolescents (N = 214) aged between 14 and 16 years in a pretest, posttest, follow-up design with a control group who participated in this workshop afterwards. Results revealed that the workshop reduced homon…
Six-Month-Old Infants’ Interaction Difficulties Are Mirrored in Their Preference for Perfect Contingencies: Six-Month-Old Infants’ Interaction Difficulties
During the first months of life, infants switch from a preference for perfect contingent feedback to a preference for less-than-perfect contingent feedback of their own movements. This is an indicator of increasing social interest since others provide less-than-perfect contingent feedback whereas the self provides perfect contingent feedback. We presented 117 6-month-olds with real-time and delayed video feedback of self-performed leg movements a…
The Development of Rational Imitation in 9‐ and 12‐Month‐Old Infants
Studies on rational imitation have provided evidence for the fact that infants as young as 12 months of age engage in rational imitation. However, the developmental onset of this ability is unclear. In this study, we investigated whether 9‐ and 12‐month‐olds detect voluntary and implicit as well as nonvoluntary and explicit constraints in the head touch task. Three groups of infants watched video sequences, which displayed a person illuminating a…
Reducing homonegativity among German adolescents: Results of a 6-week follow-up study
Bullying against lesbian and gay adolescents continues to be a problem in Western societies. Interventions to reduce homonegative attitudes could help to address bullying. We evaluated the effectiveness of a workshop against homonegativity in adolescents (N = 214) aged between 14 and 16 years in a pretest, posttest, follow-up design with a control group who participated in this workshop afterwards. Results revealed that the workshop reduced homon…
German adolescents’ homonegativity and the relationship to their religious denomination and gender role orientation
Although same-sex marriages are legally recognized in many Western societies, prejudices against gay men and lesbians remain and already appear in adolescents. Since a negative attitude toward gay men and lesbians is likely to foster malevolent behaviors, we investigated predictors of homonegativity in adolescents aged between 14 and 16 years. Regression analyses revealed that Muslim religious denomination – but not another or no religious denomi…
The Development of Rational Imitation in 9‐ and 12‐Month‐Old Infants
Studies on rational imitation have provided evidence for the fact that infants as young as 12 months of age engage in rational imitation. However, the developmental onset of this ability is unclear. In this study, we investigated whether 9‐ and 12‐month‐olds detect voluntary and implicit as well as nonvoluntary and explicit constraints in the head touch task. Three groups of infants watched video sequences, which displayed a person illuminating a…
Six-Month-Old Infants’ Interaction Difficulties Are Mirrored in Their Preference for Perfect Contingencies: Six-Month-Old Infants’ Interaction Difficulties
During the first months of life, infants switch from a preference for perfect contingent feedback to a preference for less-than-perfect contingent feedback of their own movements. This is an indicator of increasing social interest since others provide less-than-perfect contingent feedback whereas the self provides perfect contingent feedback. We presented 117 6-month-olds with real-time and delayed video feedback of self-performed leg movements a…
German adolescents’ homonegativity and the relationship to their religious denomination and gender role orientation
Although same-sex marriages are legally recognized in many Western societies, prejudices against gay men and lesbians remain and already appear in adolescents. Since a negative attitude toward gay men and lesbians is likely to foster malevolent behaviors, we investigated predictors of homonegativity in adolescents aged between 14 and 16 years. Regression analyses revealed that Muslim religious denomination – but not another or no religious denomi…
Reducing homonegativity among German adolescents: Results of a 6-week follow-up study
Bullying against lesbian and gay adolescents continues to be a problem in Western societies. Interventions to reduce homonegative attitudes could help to address bullying. We evaluated the effectiveness of a workshop against homonegativity in adolescents (N = 214) aged between 14 and 16 years in a pretest, posttest, follow-up design with a control group who participated in this workshop afterwards. Results revealed that the workshop reduced homon…
Meta-analytic evidence against sex differences in infants’ and toddlers’ preference for prosocial agents
1,094). Although the original studies were agnostic to sex differences, we were able to retrieve the original data sets and estimate the effect of infants' and toddlers' sex on sociomoral preferences. Employing both a standard frequentist and a Bayesian approach to meta-analysis, we found strong evidence supporting the absence of sex differences in sociomoral preferences among infants and toddlers. We discuss the relevance of this finding for the…
The Relation Between Goal‐Predictive Gaze Behavior and Imitation—A Live Eye‐Tracking Study in 12‐Month‐Olds
Children learn from others by imitating observed behavior. According to some theorists, to imitate an agent's action, infants need to identify the agent's action goal. To test this assumption, goal‐predictive gaze shifts of 104 German 12‐month‐olds (57 female) were measured using live eye‐tracking. These goal‐predictive gaze shifts were related to their imitation of an action performed by a live model. This relationship was controlled for in term…
The two functions of imitation in the second year of life: A longitudinal study
Infant imitation serves a cognitive and a social function. As part of their temperament, infants' attention and social orientation mirror these two functions. This longitudinal study investigated the development of the two functions within the second year of life in German infants ( N = 136, 74 female), using standardized tests at the ages of 12, 18, and 24 months, conducted in 2018 and 2019. We measured temperament using two established parental…
The Development of Preschool Children's Use of the Majority Rule
The majority rule is a core decision‐making principle in groups and democracies, where the preference of over half the members determines the collective outcome. This study investigated whether children aged 3–5 ( N = 156, approximately 50% girls and boys, from predominantly White families) apply the majority rule in a group of peers with differing preferences. Results showed that 5‐year‐olds, but not 3‐ or 4‐year‐olds, were more likely to choose…
Infants’ sense of self revisited: Mixed evidence from two studies on 6-month-olds’ preference for delayed visual feedback
It has been reported that infants prefer to look at delayed feedback of their leg movements compared to real-time feedback of their leg movements. In Study 1, 6-month-old infants participated in this delay task and their leg activity was monitored during the task. The infants did not prefer the delayed video image to the real-time video image. There was no robust relation between infants’ leg activity and time spent looking at the delayed video i…
Psychology (7 works) · Developmental psychology (6 works) · Social Psychology (6 works) · Child and Animal Learning Development (4 works) · Preference (4 works) · Social Psychology (3 works) · Autism Spectrum Disorder Research (2 works) · Cognitive psychology (2 works) · German (2 works) · Imitation (2 works)