K Clarke
Biographic Data
| ID | 14729 |
|---|---|
| NAME | K Clarke |
| GIVEN NAMES | K |
| FAMILY NAME | Clarke |
| SIGNATURE | CLARKE K |
| AFFILIATIONS | Georgetown University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0265-9170 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 21 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 142 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 21 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2000 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Rebel Victory and Authoritarian (Dis)Order
Many authoritarian regimes originating in violent rebellion are exceptionally durable. Yet others collapse quickly after their birth. We argue that the structure of the founding rebellion explains these divergent trajectories by shaping power-sharing dynamics in the new regime and the nature of conflict recurrence. Regimes founded by unified rebellions (single armed group) usually become highly durable autocracies because their members can credib…
Return of Tyranny: Why Counterrevolutions Emerge and Succeed
Why do some revolutions fail and succumb to counterrevolutions, whereas others go on to establish durable rule? Marshalling original data on counterrevolutions worldwide since 1900 and new evidence from the reversal of Egypt's 2011 revolution, Killian Clarke explains both why counterrevolutions emerge and when they are likely to succeed. He forwards a movement-centric argument that emphasizes the strategies revolutionary leaders embrace both duri…
Revolution as Mass-Based Regime Change
This article makes the case for a broad definition of revolution as mass-based regime change. Recent years have seen an outpouring of research on mass mobilization, responding in part to a succession of global revolutionary waves. But this scholarship has flourished despite conceptual dissensus, with works embracing an array of partly overlapping terms (e.g., uprising, rebellion, civil resistance). Revolution offers a clear and tractable way of c…
Male Victims of Sexual Violence and Factors Associated With Reporting to Law Enforcement in the United States
Of the violent crimes, sexual assault remains the least likely to be reported to law enforcement across various countries, particularly for male victims. Addressing this gap in the literature, this study uses National Crime Victimization Survey data from 1992 to 2020 to examine the relationship between victim, offender, and situational characteristics to the reporting of rape for male victims by both male and female offenders. Of the 330 male vic…
From Victims to Dissidents: Legacies of Violence and Popular Mobilization in Iraq (2003-2018)
A growing literature links experiences of armed conflict with postwar political behavior. This paper examines how legacies of wartime violence shape dynamics of protest in twenty-first-century Iraq. We argue that experiences of shared violence against civilians generate strong social and organizational ties, as individuals turn to neighbors, friends, and communal organizations or social groups to help them cope. These strengthened social networks…
Primary school mobile dental program in New South Wales, Australia: Protocol for the evaluation of a state government oral health initiative
The use of EDRs for oral health services evaluation research is a relatively new approach, and the evaluation works within the limitations and strengths of utilising administrative datasets. The study will also provide avenues to improve the quality of data collected and system-level improvements to better enable future services to be aligned with disease prevalence and population needs
Violent and Nonviolent Ethnic Resistance
Why do ethnic minorities who have been cut out of power choose, in some contexts, to take up arms and, in other contexts, to take to the streets? This question might seem an obvious one to ask, and yet it has rarely been posed in quite these terms – in large part because ethnic politics research has concentrated far more on violent resistance than its nonviolent alternative. We have reams of pages on the roots of ethnic insurgency, violent secess…
Ambivalent allies: How inconsistent foreign support dooms new democracies
Since the Cold War ended, foreign support has been identified as an important factor in facilitating democratization. However, in certain parts of the world Western enthusiasm for democratization has been highly uneven, particularly when regime change has been achieved through nonviolent revolutionary mobilization. This article introduces the concept of 'ambivalent allies' and argues that ambivalence may be highly detrimental to new democracies e…
Revolutionary Violence and Counterrevolution
What type of revolutions are most vulnerable to counterrevolutions? I argue that violent revolutions are less likely than nonviolent ones to be reversed because they produce regimes with strong and loyal armies that are able to defeat counterrevolutionary threats. I leverage an original dataset of counterrevolutions from 1900 to 2015, which allows us for the first time to document counterrevolutionary emergence and success worldwide. These data r…
Burnings, Beatings, and Bombings: Disaggregating Anti-Christian Violence in Egypt, 2013–2018
What are the determinants of ethnic violence? Existing research has forwarded a range of often competing explanations, from political opportunism to economic competition to state incapacity. We argue that this diversity of accounts is attributable, in part, to scholars’ tendency to lump together distinct forms of ethnic violence that have different underlying determinants. We propose that scholars instead disaggregate ethnic violence and put forw…
Power on the Margins: Lumpenproletarian Resistance in China and Egypt
Although once the subject of intense theoretical debate, the lumpenproletariat is largely missing from class-based analyses of popular resistance under authoritarianism. This article introduces a new definition of lumpenproletarians in the developing world, focusing on the nature of their work. It then argues that, given their socioeconomic position, these people should eschew participation in conventional social movements but ought to back prote…
Which protests count? Coverage bias in Middle East event datasets
Since the 2011 Arab Spring revolutions many scholars of the Middle East have built and analyzed locally-sourced protest event datasets, which have been hailed for providing superior coverage to various off-the-shelf datasets that rely primarily on English-language sources. This paper assesses the extent of these coverage improvements. It shows that across five different MENA countries, locally-sourced datasets identify considerably more events th…
Launching Revolution: Social Media and the Egyptian Uprising’s First Movers
Drawing on evidence from the 2011 Egyptian uprising, this article demonstrates how the use of two social media platforms – Facebook and Twitter – contributed to a discrete mobilizational outcome: the staging of a successful first protest in a revolutionary cascade, referred to here as ‘first-mover mobilization’. Specifically, it argues that these two platforms facilitated the staging of a large, nationwide and seemingly leaderless protest on 25 J…
When Do the Dispossessed Protest? Informal Leadership and Mobilization in Syrian Refugee Camps
Refugees are often considered to be among the world’s most powerless groups; they face significant structural barriers to political mobilization, often including extreme poverty and exposure to repression. Yet despite these odds refugee groups do occasionally mobilize to demand better services and greater rights. In this paper I examine varying levels of mobilization among Syrian refugees living in camps and informal settlements in Turkey, Lebano…
Egypt in a Time of Revolution: Contentious Politics and the Arab Spring
Over the past half decade, a dizzying number of articles, op-eds, monographs, and edited volumes have emerged seeking to make sense of Egypt’s 2011 revolution. With so much ink already spilled, is there anything new to be learned? Neil Ketchley’s Egypt in a Time of Revolution leaves little doubt that there is. His incisive and readable account of the events that shaped the fall and subsequent resurrection of Egypt’s authoritarian regime is novel …
Social Forces and Regime Change: Beyond Class Analysis
This article discusses three recent books that analyze patterns of political conflict and regime change in postcolonial Asia and Africa using a social forces approach to political analysis. The social forces tradition, originally pioneered by Barrington Moore, studies the social origins and political consequences of struggles between social groups whose members hold shared identities and interests. The works under review examine, respectively, th…
Reclaiming the “Third Sector” from “Civil Society”
Civil society is one of the most widely used—and widely maligned—concepts in development studies. In this paper, we argue that much confusion regarding civil society stems from the omnibus nature of its conceptualization. We consider civil society to be an omnibus concept because it has been imbued with several distinct meanings—a normative meaning (civil society as civilized), a functional meaning (civil society as democratizing), and a structur…
Unexpected Brokers of Mobilization: Contingency and Networks in the 2011 Egyptian Uprising
Aish, Huriyya, Karama Insaniyya: Framing and the 2011 Egyptian Uprising
One of the principal chants that was raised during the Egyptian uprising of 2011 was aish, huriyya, karama insaniyya, or ‘bread, freedom, human dignity’. This slogan encapsulated the three primary collective action frames that activists employed during the uprising. I argue that these frames were drawn from, and engaged with, three broad themes in Egypt's political discourse that had been developed over the previous decade: poor economic conditio…
"Saying "Enough: Authoritarianism and Egypt's Kefaya Movement
How do reform-oriented social movements in authoritarian states get off the ground? I argue that authoritarian regimes can actually facilitate social movement mobilization by making it easier for movement leaders to form opposition coalitions. When authoritarian states experience a political opening, certain structural aspects of these regimes will ease the process of coalition formation. I describe three ways in which these states facilitate mob…
Toward a black feminist liberation agenda: Race, gender, and violence
Unexpected Brokers of Mobilization: Contingency and Networks in the 2011 Egyptian Uprising
Launching Revolution: Social Media and the Egyptian Uprising’s First Movers
Drawing on evidence from the 2011 Egyptian uprising, this article demonstrates how the use of two social media platforms – Facebook and Twitter – contributed to a discrete mobilizational outcome: the staging of a successful first protest in a revolutionary cascade, referred to here as ‘first-mover mobilization’. Specifically, it argues that these two platforms facilitated the staging of a large, nationwide and seemingly leaderless protest on 25 J…
"Saying "Enough: Authoritarianism and Egypt's Kefaya Movement
How do reform-oriented social movements in authoritarian states get off the ground? I argue that authoritarian regimes can actually facilitate social movement mobilization by making it easier for movement leaders to form opposition coalitions. When authoritarian states experience a political opening, certain structural aspects of these regimes will ease the process of coalition formation. I describe three ways in which these states facilitate mob…
Revolutionary Violence and Counterrevolution
What type of revolutions are most vulnerable to counterrevolutions? I argue that violent revolutions are less likely than nonviolent ones to be reversed because they produce regimes with strong and loyal armies that are able to defeat counterrevolutionary threats. I leverage an original dataset of counterrevolutions from 1900 to 2015, which allows us for the first time to document counterrevolutionary emergence and success worldwide. These data r…
When Do the Dispossessed Protest? Informal Leadership and Mobilization in Syrian Refugee Camps
Refugees are often considered to be among the world’s most powerless groups; they face significant structural barriers to political mobilization, often including extreme poverty and exposure to repression. Yet despite these odds refugee groups do occasionally mobilize to demand better services and greater rights. In this paper I examine varying levels of mobilization among Syrian refugees living in camps and informal settlements in Turkey, Lebano…
Which protests count? Coverage bias in Middle East event datasets
Since the 2011 Arab Spring revolutions many scholars of the Middle East have built and analyzed locally-sourced protest event datasets, which have been hailed for providing superior coverage to various off-the-shelf datasets that rely primarily on English-language sources. This paper assesses the extent of these coverage improvements. It shows that across five different MENA countries, locally-sourced datasets identify considerably more events th…
Social Forces and Regime Change: Beyond Class Analysis
This article discusses three recent books that analyze patterns of political conflict and regime change in postcolonial Asia and Africa using a social forces approach to political analysis. The social forces tradition, originally pioneered by Barrington Moore, studies the social origins and political consequences of struggles between social groups whose members hold shared identities and interests. The works under review examine, respectively, th…
From Victims to Dissidents: Legacies of Violence and Popular Mobilization in Iraq (2003-2018)
A growing literature links experiences of armed conflict with postwar political behavior. This paper examines how legacies of wartime violence shape dynamics of protest in twenty-first-century Iraq. We argue that experiences of shared violence against civilians generate strong social and organizational ties, as individuals turn to neighbors, friends, and communal organizations or social groups to help them cope. These strengthened social networks…
Aish, Huriyya, Karama Insaniyya: Framing and the 2011 Egyptian Uprising
One of the principal chants that was raised during the Egyptian uprising of 2011 was aish, huriyya, karama insaniyya, or ‘bread, freedom, human dignity’. This slogan encapsulated the three primary collective action frames that activists employed during the uprising. I argue that these frames were drawn from, and engaged with, three broad themes in Egypt's political discourse that had been developed over the previous decade: poor economic conditio…
Revolution as Mass-Based Regime Change
This article makes the case for a broad definition of revolution as mass-based regime change. Recent years have seen an outpouring of research on mass mobilization, responding in part to a succession of global revolutionary waves. But this scholarship has flourished despite conceptual dissensus, with works embracing an array of partly overlapping terms (e.g., uprising, rebellion, civil resistance). Revolution offers a clear and tractable way of c…
Male Victims of Sexual Violence and Factors Associated With Reporting to Law Enforcement in the United States
Of the violent crimes, sexual assault remains the least likely to be reported to law enforcement across various countries, particularly for male victims. Addressing this gap in the literature, this study uses National Crime Victimization Survey data from 1992 to 2020 to examine the relationship between victim, offender, and situational characteristics to the reporting of rape for male victims by both male and female offenders. Of the 330 male vic…
Ambivalent allies: How inconsistent foreign support dooms new democracies
Since the Cold War ended, foreign support has been identified as an important factor in facilitating democratization. However, in certain parts of the world Western enthusiasm for democratization has been highly uneven, particularly when regime change has been achieved through nonviolent revolutionary mobilization. This article introduces the concept of 'ambivalent allies' and argues that ambivalence may be highly detrimental to new democracies e…
Power on the Margins: Lumpenproletarian Resistance in China and Egypt
Although once the subject of intense theoretical debate, the lumpenproletariat is largely missing from class-based analyses of popular resistance under authoritarianism. This article introduces a new definition of lumpenproletarians in the developing world, focusing on the nature of their work. It then argues that, given their socioeconomic position, these people should eschew participation in conventional social movements but ought to back prote…
Toward a black feminist liberation agenda: Race, gender, and violence
"Saying "Enough: Authoritarianism and Egypt's Kefaya Movement
How do reform-oriented social movements in authoritarian states get off the ground? I argue that authoritarian regimes can actually facilitate social movement mobilization by making it easier for movement leaders to form opposition coalitions. When authoritarian states experience a political opening, certain structural aspects of these regimes will ease the process of coalition formation. I describe three ways in which these states facilitate mob…
Aish, Huriyya, Karama Insaniyya: Framing and the 2011 Egyptian Uprising
One of the principal chants that was raised during the Egyptian uprising of 2011 was aish, huriyya, karama insaniyya, or ‘bread, freedom, human dignity’. This slogan encapsulated the three primary collective action frames that activists employed during the uprising. I argue that these frames were drawn from, and engaged with, three broad themes in Egypt's political discourse that had been developed over the previous decade: poor economic conditio…
Unexpected Brokers of Mobilization: Contingency and Networks in the 2011 Egyptian Uprising
Reclaiming the “Third Sector” from “Civil Society”
Civil society is one of the most widely used—and widely maligned—concepts in development studies. In this paper, we argue that much confusion regarding civil society stems from the omnibus nature of its conceptualization. We consider civil society to be an omnibus concept because it has been imbued with several distinct meanings—a normative meaning (civil society as civilized), a functional meaning (civil society as democratizing), and a structur…
Social Forces and Regime Change: Beyond Class Analysis
This article discusses three recent books that analyze patterns of political conflict and regime change in postcolonial Asia and Africa using a social forces approach to political analysis. The social forces tradition, originally pioneered by Barrington Moore, studies the social origins and political consequences of struggles between social groups whose members hold shared identities and interests. The works under review examine, respectively, th…
When Do the Dispossessed Protest? Informal Leadership and Mobilization in Syrian Refugee Camps
Refugees are often considered to be among the world’s most powerless groups; they face significant structural barriers to political mobilization, often including extreme poverty and exposure to repression. Yet despite these odds refugee groups do occasionally mobilize to demand better services and greater rights. In this paper I examine varying levels of mobilization among Syrian refugees living in camps and informal settlements in Turkey, Lebano…
Egypt in a Time of Revolution: Contentious Politics and the Arab Spring
Over the past half decade, a dizzying number of articles, op-eds, monographs, and edited volumes have emerged seeking to make sense of Egypt’s 2011 revolution. With so much ink already spilled, is there anything new to be learned? Neil Ketchley’s Egypt in a Time of Revolution leaves little doubt that there is. His incisive and readable account of the events that shaped the fall and subsequent resurrection of Egypt’s authoritarian regime is novel …
Launching Revolution: Social Media and the Egyptian Uprising’s First Movers
Drawing on evidence from the 2011 Egyptian uprising, this article demonstrates how the use of two social media platforms – Facebook and Twitter – contributed to a discrete mobilizational outcome: the staging of a successful first protest in a revolutionary cascade, referred to here as ‘first-mover mobilization’. Specifically, it argues that these two platforms facilitated the staging of a large, nationwide and seemingly leaderless protest on 25 J…
Which protests count? Coverage bias in Middle East event datasets
Since the 2011 Arab Spring revolutions many scholars of the Middle East have built and analyzed locally-sourced protest event datasets, which have been hailed for providing superior coverage to various off-the-shelf datasets that rely primarily on English-language sources. This paper assesses the extent of these coverage improvements. It shows that across five different MENA countries, locally-sourced datasets identify considerably more events th…
Burnings, Beatings, and Bombings: Disaggregating Anti-Christian Violence in Egypt, 2013–2018
What are the determinants of ethnic violence? Existing research has forwarded a range of often competing explanations, from political opportunism to economic competition to state incapacity. We argue that this diversity of accounts is attributable, in part, to scholars’ tendency to lump together distinct forms of ethnic violence that have different underlying determinants. We propose that scholars instead disaggregate ethnic violence and put forw…
Power on the Margins: Lumpenproletarian Resistance in China and Egypt
Although once the subject of intense theoretical debate, the lumpenproletariat is largely missing from class-based analyses of popular resistance under authoritarianism. This article introduces a new definition of lumpenproletarians in the developing world, focusing on the nature of their work. It then argues that, given their socioeconomic position, these people should eschew participation in conventional social movements but ought to back prote…
Primary school mobile dental program in New South Wales, Australia: Protocol for the evaluation of a state government oral health initiative
The use of EDRs for oral health services evaluation research is a relatively new approach, and the evaluation works within the limitations and strengths of utilising administrative datasets. The study will also provide avenues to improve the quality of data collected and system-level improvements to better enable future services to be aligned with disease prevalence and population needs
Violent and Nonviolent Ethnic Resistance
Why do ethnic minorities who have been cut out of power choose, in some contexts, to take up arms and, in other contexts, to take to the streets? This question might seem an obvious one to ask, and yet it has rarely been posed in quite these terms – in large part because ethnic politics research has concentrated far more on violent resistance than its nonviolent alternative. We have reams of pages on the roots of ethnic insurgency, violent secess…
Ambivalent allies: How inconsistent foreign support dooms new democracies
Since the Cold War ended, foreign support has been identified as an important factor in facilitating democratization. However, in certain parts of the world Western enthusiasm for democratization has been highly uneven, particularly when regime change has been achieved through nonviolent revolutionary mobilization. This article introduces the concept of 'ambivalent allies' and argues that ambivalence may be highly detrimental to new democracies e…
Revolutionary Violence and Counterrevolution
What type of revolutions are most vulnerable to counterrevolutions? I argue that violent revolutions are less likely than nonviolent ones to be reversed because they produce regimes with strong and loyal armies that are able to defeat counterrevolutionary threats. I leverage an original dataset of counterrevolutions from 1900 to 2015, which allows us for the first time to document counterrevolutionary emergence and success worldwide. These data r…
Male Victims of Sexual Violence and Factors Associated With Reporting to Law Enforcement in the United States
Of the violent crimes, sexual assault remains the least likely to be reported to law enforcement across various countries, particularly for male victims. Addressing this gap in the literature, this study uses National Crime Victimization Survey data from 1992 to 2020 to examine the relationship between victim, offender, and situational characteristics to the reporting of rape for male victims by both male and female offenders. Of the 330 male vic…
From Victims to Dissidents: Legacies of Violence and Popular Mobilization in Iraq (2003-2018)
A growing literature links experiences of armed conflict with postwar political behavior. This paper examines how legacies of wartime violence shape dynamics of protest in twenty-first-century Iraq. We argue that experiences of shared violence against civilians generate strong social and organizational ties, as individuals turn to neighbors, friends, and communal organizations or social groups to help them cope. These strengthened social networks…
Return of Tyranny: Why Counterrevolutions Emerge and Succeed
Why do some revolutions fail and succumb to counterrevolutions, whereas others go on to establish durable rule? Marshalling original data on counterrevolutions worldwide since 1900 and new evidence from the reversal of Egypt's 2011 revolution, Killian Clarke explains both why counterrevolutions emerge and when they are likely to succeed. He forwards a movement-centric argument that emphasizes the strategies revolutionary leaders embrace both duri…
Revolution as Mass-Based Regime Change
This article makes the case for a broad definition of revolution as mass-based regime change. Recent years have seen an outpouring of research on mass mobilization, responding in part to a succession of global revolutionary waves. But this scholarship has flourished despite conceptual dissensus, with works embracing an array of partly overlapping terms (e.g., uprising, rebellion, civil resistance). Revolution offers a clear and tractable way of c…
Rebel Victory and Authoritarian (Dis)Order
Many authoritarian regimes originating in violent rebellion are exceptionally durable. Yet others collapse quickly after their birth. We argue that the structure of the founding rebellion explains these divergent trajectories by shaping power-sharing dynamics in the new regime and the nature of conflict recurrence. Regimes founded by unified rebellions (single armed group) usually become highly durable autocracies because their members can credib…
Political science (18 works) · Law (15 works) · Politics (14 works) · Sociology (14 works) · Political Conflict and Governance (13 works) · Law (12 works) · Political economy (9 works) · Authoritarianism (5 works) · Criminology (5 works) · Democracy (5 works)