From Victims to Dissidents
Legacies of Violence and Popular Mobilization in Iraq (2003-2018)
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 3494564 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Ceil Berman (0000-0003-4861-6923, Georgetown University, corresponding author), K Clarke (0000-0002-0265-9170, Georgetown University, corresponding author), R Majed (0000-0002-5651-1120, American University of Beirut, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2024 |
| Volume | 118 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 213-234 |
| Publication date | 2024-02-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | American Political Science Review (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0003-0554 • E-ISSN: 1537-5943 |
| Publisher | Cambridge University Press (CUP) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1017/s0003055423000254 |
| OpenAlex | W4366548161 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 7 |
| References cited | 81 |
A growing literature links experiences of armed conflict with postwar political behavior. This paper examines how legacies of wartime violence shape dynamics of protest in twenty-first-century Iraq. We argue that experiences of shared violence against civilians generate strong social and organizational ties, as individuals turn to neighbors, friends, and communal organizations or social groups to help them cope. These strengthened social networks endure beyond the end of the conflict, forming important vehicles that can facilitate the organization of protest when new grievances or opportunities arise. Further, we posit that these effects will be strongest when the perpetrator of wartime violence is a clear out-group-e.g., a foreign army or non-coethnic militia-which facilitates network strengthening by creating a sense of collective victimization and in-group solidarity. We support these arguments using an original database of Iraqi protests from 2010 to 2012 and data on civilian casualties during Iraq's 2004-2009 conflict. We further test our argument with geo-referenced Arab Barometer surveys. We leverage a case study of Fallujah, based on original interviews and other qualitative data, to unpack mechanisms of network strengthening, endurance, and reactivation during the Iraqi protest wave of 2011
Argument (complex analysis · Armed conflict · Contentious politics · Demobilization · Group cohesiveness · Leverage (statistics · Mobilization · Political economy · Political science · Politics · Social mobilization · Social movement · Sociology · Solidarity · Health and Conflict Studies · Law · Political Conflict and Governance · Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence
State violence and target group adaptation
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Insurgent identities
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State of Repression
The Oxford Handbook of Social Movements
Insurgent Collective Action and Civil War in El Salvador
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War and Institutions
Conflict
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Rebelocracy
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Ethnic Boundary Making
Social Brokers and Leftist–sadrist Cooperation in Iraq's Reform Protest Movement
Networks, Informal Governance, and Ethnic Violence in a Syrian City
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The Social Processes of Civil War
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The Legacy of Political Violence across Generations
Civil War and Social Cohesion
Violence, Empathy and Altruism
How Exposure to Violence Affects Ethnic Voting
Launching Revolution
Unexpected Brokers of Mobilization
Explaining the Awakening
Women and Gender in Iraq
The Fallujah awakening
The Awakening Movement
Organizational legacies of violence
Civil War and Political Participation
Does Conflict Beget Conflict? Explaining Recurring Civil War
Collective Violence and Group Solidarity
Of bakeries and checkpoints
Conflict Exposure and Competitiveness
Can War Foster Cooperation
Violence, kinship networks, and political resilience
Conflict and the evolution of institutions
Why do the victors kill the vanquished? Explaining political violence in post-World War II Italy
The Phoenix Effect of State Repression
Organizing Rebellion
The Semblance of Democratic Revolution
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The Contentious French
Trust without Confidence
The Use of Newspaper Data in the Study of Collective Action
| Unique citing works | 7 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 2,33 |
| Citation span | 2023 - 2025 (3) |
| Citation velocity | recent |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 7 |