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David Best

Biographic Data

ID148525
NAMEDavid Best
GIVEN NAMESDavid
FAMILY NAMEBest
SIGNATUREBEST D
AFFILIATIONSSheffield Hallam University
ORCID0000-0002-6792-916X
VERIFIEDYes
TOTAL WORKS87
TOTAL CITATIONS47
AUTHOR COUNT86
EDITOR COUNT1
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR1974
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2026
H-INDEX4
  • A qualitative comparative investigation of the role of social recovery capital among early- and late-onset problem drinkers in recovery

    Open Access•Kevin McInerney, David Best•ARTICLE•Drugs Education Prevention and…•2026

    Background Due to late-life stressors some individuals start drinking problematically later in life. Late-onset drinkers comprise one-third of older problem drinkers, yet research on this group regarding recovery is scarce. Because their alcohol problem manifests later in life, late-onset drinkers may have acquired greater reserves of social recovery capital (SRC) than their early-onset counterparts. This study investigates that assumption.Method…

  • The impact of medications for opioid use disorder (Moud) on retention and recovery capital in recovery housing: An exploratory causal inference analysis

    Open Access•Arun Sondhi, David Best et al.•ARTICLE•International Journal of Drug…•2026

    Different MOUD agents were associated with distinct patterns in recovery outcomes. NTX was associated with higher predicted retention, while buprenorphine formulations promote early gains in recovery capital. These findings underscore the importance of aligning pharmacological strategies with individual recovery trajectories, particularly during the initial six months of residency. Further longitudinal research is needed to inform treatment-match…

  • Psychological safety mediates attendance and recovery-related outcomes within the Phoenix: A sober-active community

    Open Access•Katie M Heinrich, Brett Wyker et al.•ARTICLE•Frontiers in Public Health•2025

    Background: People in recovery from a substance use disorder often have difficulties forming pro-social relationships or accessing supportive communities. Providing psychological safety within recovery communities may be uniquely beneficial, yet psychological safety has mostly been studied among professional organizations and not among vulnerable populations. This program evaluation study examined associations between attendance, psychological sa…

  • Exploring cultural dynamics of Black Asian Minority Ethnic (Bame) women in addiction recovery: A comparison of three women from different ethnic backgrounds

    Open Access•S Shahid, David Best•ARTICLE•Drugs Education Prevention and…•2025

    Background The existing recovery capital (RC) literature primarily focuses on white males. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring addiction recovery among three culturally diverse UK women, utilizing CHIME-D (Connectedness, Hope/Optimism, Identity, Meaning, Empowerment, and Difficulties) and RC frameworks. It seeks to compare their recovery paths, combining quantitative data with lived experiences, and barriers specific to women in recover…

  • A cluster analysis of European life in recovery data: What are the typical patterns of recovery experience

    Open Access•David Best, Arun Sondhi et al.•ARTICLE•Drugs Education Prevention and…•2025

    Introduction There is little research around recovery pathways and how they cluster together by individual and situational factors according to time in recovery.Method This paper uses a cluster analysis with data from the European Life in Recovery (LiR) survey to produce typologies of recovery pathways around stages of recovery: early ( 5 years). A secondary aim was to explore evidence of national variations among clusters.Results Cluster analysi…

  • Implementing a Recovery Capital Model Into Therapeutic Courts: Case Study and Lessons Learned

    Open Access•Emily A Hennessy, Paige Krasnoff et al.•ARTICLE•International Journal of Offender…•2025

    Recovery capital is a strengths-based and multi-level model for examining the process and outputs of recovery and desistance. Recovery capital posits that the more positive resources one accrues, the better the chances of recovery. Oftentimes growth of one’s recovery capital must be initiated through identifying programs in the community to create supportive scaffolding: this may be especially true for individuals involved in the justice system w…

  • Peer Mentors and Desistance: A Systematic Literature Review and Synthesis

    Open Access•Andi Brierley, David Best et al.•ARTICLE•Criminal Justice and Behavior•2025

    This systematic literature review investigates the deployment and effectiveness of peer mentors in criminal justice practice. The findings reveal a lack of any consistent definition of what constitutes a peer becoming a mentor within this context. Despite this, strong evidence suggests that support from a peer mentor alongside formal interventions positively influences subjective factors that contribute to desistance from crime for both mentors a…

  • Longitudinal Changes in Recovery Capital Among Recovery House Residents With and Without Criminal Legal System Involvement: A Marginal Structural Modeling Analysis

    Open Access•Adela Bunaciu, Arun Sondhi et al.•ARTICLE•Criminal Justice and Behavior•2025

    Individuals with a history of criminal legal system (CLS) involvement may experience additional challenges to their recovery from substance addiction. We compared recovery capital trajectories of individuals in recovery residences with and without the involvement of CLS and assessed predictors of their Overall Recovery Capital Score (ORCS). We employed a quasi-experimental approach using weighted repeated measures modeling to compare the ORCS on …

  • An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis and Comparison of the Narratives of Early- and Late-Onset Problem Drinkers in Recovery

    Open Access•Kevin McInerney, David Best et al.•ARTICLE•SAGE Open•2025

    As a reaction to late-life events (e.g., bereavement, retirement) and feelings of meaninglessness and purposelessness, one-third of older problem drinkers only start to consume alcohol excessively later in life. Referred to as late-onset, limited research has been undertaken on this distinct cohort of older problem drinkers from the perspective of recovery generally, and more specifically, in the context of recovery capital (RC). Framed within Vi…

  • An “outside in” model of recovery capital growth: Building personal and social recovery capital from community resources

    David Best, Simon P Duffy et al.•ARTICLE•Addiction Research & Theory•2025

  • What constitutes a women’s recovery from addiction? Examining lived experiences and recovery capital of women from diverse European backgrounds

    Open Access•Mulka Nisic, David Best et al.•ARTICLE•Addiction Research & Theory•2025

  • A Qualitative Comparative Analysis of the Retrospective “Active Drinking Voices” of Two Types of Older Problem Drinkers, Now in Recovery

    Open Access•Kevin McInerney, David Best et al.•ARTICLE•Contemporary Drug Problems•2025•References: 42

    One-third of older problem drinkers are late-onset. So called, because their problem drinking emerges later in life, however, little is known about the epidemiology of the population's drinking behaviors. By identifying the psychosocial risk factors that inform the adverse changes in the group's drinking behavior, the article aims to contribute to a better understanding of why this subgroup of older individuals begin drinking problematically in l…

  • Visualizing the Influence of Social Networks on Recovery: A Mixed-Methods Social Identity Mapping Study with Recovering Adolescents

    Emily A Hennessy, Jordan Jurinsky et al.•ARTICLE•Substance Use & Misuse•2024

    Background: Social recovery capital (SRC) refers to resources and supports gained through relationships and is vital to adolescent addiction recovery. Much is known about how substance use relates to social networks, but little is known about how other dimensions of social networks influence recovery (e.g., network size/exposure, degree of conflict). Methods: This mixed-methods study sampled 28 adolescents who received treatment for alcohol and o…

  • Delivering Peer-Based Support in Prisons During the Covid Pandemic and Lockdown: Innovative Activities Delivered by People Who Care

    Open Access•David Best, Theresa Critchlow et al.•ARTICLE•International Journal of Offender…•2024

    During COVID and lockdown, many prisoners have not only been affected by infection transmission in crowded and ill-equipped institutions, they have also been separated from a range of supports, including loss of family and professional supports and support for prisoners with addiction and/or mental health problems has been disrupted. This paper reports on evidence of how peer-based recovery organizations have attempted to mitigate these adverse e…

  • Modeling Recovery Housing Retention and Program Outcomes by Justice Involvement among Residents in Virginia, USA: An Observational Study

    Open Access•Arun Sondhi, Adela Bunaciu et al.•ARTICLE•International Journal of Offender…•2024

    Living in recovery housing can improve addiction recovery and desistance outcomes. This study examined whether retention in recovery housing and types of discharge outcomes (completed, “neutral,” and “negative” outcomes) differed for clients with recent criminal legal system (CLS) involvement. Using data from 101 recovery residences certified by the Virginia Association of Recovery Residences based on 1,978 individuals completing the REC-CAP asse…

  • Composition of social networks to build recovery capital differ across early and stable stages of recovery

    Ariel D Roxburgh, David Best et al.•ARTICLE•Addiction Research & Theory•2023

    Background Recovery capital describes the sum of resources – personal, social, or community – that can be drawn upon to sustain recovery from addiction. Recovery capital increases with progression through the stages of recovery; early ( 5 years). The proportion of people in recovery within one's social network, as well as the number of supports, have been associated with greater recovery capital, although recovery capital has been found to be low…

  • The science of recovery capital: Where do we go from here?

    Open Access•David Best, Emily A Hennessy•ARTICLE•Addiction•2022

  • Overcoming the pains of recovery: The management of negative recovery capital during addiction recovery pathways

    Open Access•David Patton, David Best et al.•ARTICLE•Addiction Research & Theory•2022

    Recovery is experienced in both positive and negative ways and this paper attempts to integrate the ‘pains of desistance’ approach into a recovery capital framework. Pains experienced as a result of negative recovery capital are often thought to stimulate motivations for positive behavioral change, usually through a ‘rock bottom’ type moment. Whilst recovery capital and barriers to recovery have been explored in the literature, conceptualizing th…

  • Substitute addictions in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic

    Open Access•Deborah Isobell, Wouter Vanderplasschen et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Behavioral Addictions•2021

    The global spread of COVID-19, subsequent stay-at-home requirements, spatial distancing measures, and long-term isolation present additional challenges for persons in recovery. Using an illustrative case from South Africa, we discuss COVID-19 related pornography use through the lens of relapse and substitute addiction. South Africa is the epicenter of the pandemic in Africa, and has issued an alcohol and cigarette ban. Historical examples suggest…

  • Gender and recovery pathways in the UK

    Catrin Andersson, Emma Wincup et al.•ARTICLE•Drugs Education Prevention and…•2021

    Recovery is now the defining feature of UK drug and alcohol policy. Despite this policy emphasis, little attention has been paid to the lived experience of those in recovery. Instead, research has typically concentrated on treatment populations, which are predominantly male. Consequently, we have little insight into recovery experiences in general, and specifically how they might differ for females and males. This article makes an important contr…

  • Mechanisms and mediators of addiction recovery

    Wouter Vanderplasschen, David Best•ARTICLE•Drugs Education Prevention and…•2021

    Addiction recovery is a complex, dynamic and non-linear process of change on multiple life domains, and in substance\nuse patterns in particular (Dekkers et al., 2020; White, 2007). While early definitions equated recovery with ‘remission’,\n‘abstinence’ or absence of symptoms of dependence, later conceptualisations have also emphasised the importance of\nhealth, well-being, quality of life, citizenship and social participation, as illustrated in…

  • Chasing a pot of gold: An analysis of emerging recovery-oriented addiction policies in Flanders (Belgium) and The Netherlands

    Lore Bellaert, T F Martinelli et al.•ARTICLE•Drugs Education Prevention and…•2021

    Following the paradigm shift to recovery in the Anglophone world, recovery is also gaining momentum in drug policy and practice in Flanders (Belgium) and the Netherlands. Since the meaning of recovery is being debated internationally, broadening the assessment of how the recovery framework is applied in policy discourse and how it is implemented in various international contexts is imperative. This comparative policy analysis aims to assess simil…

  • Are members of mutual aid groups better equipped for addiction recovery? European cross-sectional study into recovery capital, social networks, and commitment to sobriety

    T F Martinelli, Dike Van De Mheen et al.•ARTICLE•Drugs Education Prevention and…•2021

    An increasing body of evidence shows that informal mutual aid groups benefit those in addiction recovery. However, attention for mutual aid groups in practice and policy varies internationally and is only recently emerging in continental Europe. Existing evidence is mostly limited to studies of Alcoholics Anonymous groups in the United States. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to examine the relationship between membership of a variety of …

  • Justice capital: A model for reconciling structural and agentic determinants of desistance

    Open Access•David Best, Sharynne Hamilton et al.•ARTICLE•Probation Journal•2021

    The emerging literature on desistance (and recovery from addictions) has focused on key life-course transitions that can be characterised as the need for jobs (meaningful activities), friends (transitioning to pro-social) and houses (a home free from threat). The term ‘recovery capital’ is used to characterise personal, social and community resources an individual can draw upon to support their recovery, partly bridging agentic (personal) and str…

  • Inkspots and ice cream cones: A model of recovery contagion and growth

    David Best, Jo‐hanna Ivers•ARTICLE•Addiction Research & Theory•2021

    The model of recovery is based on an individualized and personalized journey of change and growth that is recognized both to be socially supported and mediated and to be contextually bound in terms of community resources and assets (as well as barriers and challenges in the local community). Specificity and precision has been added to recovery models by the emerging concept of ‘recovery capital’ creating not only the potential for a recovery metr…

Next
  • Building addiction recovery capital through online participation in a recovery community

    Open Access•Ana-Maria Bliuc, David Best et al.•ARTICLE•Social Science & Medicine•2017•Cited by: 8•References: 6

  • The Aesthetic in Sport

    David Best•ARTICLE•The British Journal of Aesthetics•1974•Cited by: 8

    Journal Article THE AESTHETIC IN SPORT Get access David Best David Best Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Aesthetics, Volume 14, Issue 3, SUMMER 1974, Pages 197–213, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjaesthetics/14.3.197 Published: 01 March 1974

  • Social identity differentiation predicts commitment to sobriety and wellbeing in residents of therapeutic communities

    Open Access•Genevieve A Dingle, Colin Haslam et al.•ARTICLE•Social Science & Medicine•2019•Cited by: 7•References: 39

  • Ethnic and Gender Differences in Drinking and Smoking among London Adolescents

    David Best, Salman Rawaf et al.•ARTICLE•Ethnicity and Health•2001•Cited by: 7•References: 2

    The importance of sociocultural factors in relation to race and gender in predicting onset and escalation of substance use is discussed. The fact that age of onset does not appear to be a significant determinant of transition rate from initiation to regular use is also explored

  • What the recovery movement tells us about prefigurative politics

    Open Access•Martha Beckwith, Ana-Maria Bliuc et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Social and Political…•2016•Cited by: 4•References: 14

    The concept of prefigurative politics has re-emerged following recent worldwide uprisings, such as the Occupy movement, to which this concept has been applied. In applying a contemporary analysis to prefigurative politics, we explore the contribution of community-based recovery groups to the recovery movement, a socio-political movement in the fields of mental health and addiction treatment. We argue that collective action in recovery groups is d…

  • Risk profiles for early adolescents who regularly use alcohol and other drugs compared with older youth

    Sandra J Maclean, Jozica Kutin et al.•ARTICLE•Vulnerable Children and Youth…•2013•Cited by: 4•References: 2

    This mixed method article identifies how risk factors differ across the age range serviced by Australian youth alcohol and other drug (AOD) agencies. It is intended to inform the development of interventions targeting early adolescents aged 13–15 years. Focusing on survey variables concerning substance choice and identified risk factors for problematic AOD, we compare the characteristics of early adolescents against older youth aged 16–19 and 20–…

  • Criminal thinking and self-control among drug users in court mandated treatment

    Open Access•Greg Packer, David Best et al.•ARTICLE•Criminology & Criminal Justice•2009•Cited by: 3•References: 4

    This article aims to explore the relationship between self-control and criminal thinking in a population of drug using offenders attending a court mandated treatment programme, and how this relates to recent offending and substance use. Fifty drug using offenders attending a Birmingham Drug Intervention Programme clinic under the terms of a Drug Rehabilitation Requirement (DRR) completed standardized measures of self-control and criminal thinking…

  • Shootings by the Police: What Predicts When a Firearms Officer in England and Wales Will Pull the Trigger

    David Best, Anna Quigley•ARTICLE•Policing & Society•2003•Cited by: 2

    The study reviews 20 police shootings between 1998 and 2001 that are classified by the police as “spontaneous incidents” (in other words, they did not involve incident pre-planning by the firearms commanders). The study used Police Complaints Authority files to review time intervals between initial police awareness of the incidents, arrival at the scene of firearms officers and the initial discharge of police weapons. The aim was to assess what f…

  • Sober social networks: The role of online support groups in recovery from alcohol addiction

    Open Access•Ana-Maria Bliuc, Thuy Thi Thanh Doan et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Community & Applied…•2018•Cited by: 1•References: 3

    In the context of addiction research, positive recovery outcomes are affected by the quality of people's social interactions and perhaps to an even greater extent, by the defining norms of the groups they identify with—that is, using versus recovery groups. Here, we examine the role of online supportive networks in the process of recovery from alcohol addiction. We analyse the relationship between negative and positive aspects of recovery capital…

  • Patterns of family conflict and their impact on substance use and psychosocial outcomes in a sample of young people in treatment

    David Best, A S Wilson et al.•ARTICLE•Vulnerable Children and Youth…•2013•Cited by: 1•References: 2

    The influence of family environment on adolescent substance use is well established, but little is known about its impact on outcomes for young people in treatment for substance use disorders. This study aimed to investigate the impact of family conflict and its resolution on substance use and measures of well-being among adolescents in treatment. Eighty young people (aged 16–21 years) were recruited from youth-specific alcohol and drug community…

  • Gender differences in risk and treatment uptake in drug using offenders assessed in custody suite settings

    David Best, D Walker et al.•ARTICLE•Policing & Society•2008•Cited by: 1

    The aim of the study was to assess gender differences in risk profile among drug users in police custody in Birmingham and to examine levels of drug treatment engagement by gender. This article presents findings from an assessment of 1082 Arrest Referral Risk Matrices used by Drug Arrest Referral Workers in police custody between 2005 and 2006. Risk is measured on three elements, ‘drug spend’, current offending and arrest history, and three warni…

  • The Objectivity of Artistic Appreciation

    David Best•ARTICLE•The British Journal of Aesthetics•1980•Cited by: 1

    Journal Article THE OBJECTIVITY OF ARTISTIC APPRECIATION Get access David Best David Best Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Aesthetics, Volume 20, Issue 2, SPRING 1980, Pages 115–127, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjaesthetics/20.2.115 Published: 01 February 1980

  • The Aesthetic in Sport

    David Best•ARTICLE•The British Journal of Aesthetics•1974•Cited by: 8

    Journal Article THE AESTHETIC IN SPORT Get access David Best David Best Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Aesthetics, Volume 14, Issue 3, SUMMER 1974, Pages 197–213, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjaesthetics/14.3.197 Published: 01 March 1974

  • The Aesthetics Of Dance

    Open Access•David Best•ARTICLE•Dance Research Journal•1975

    In considering dance, the arts generally, human movement and physical education from a philosophical point of view, it has increasingly struck me that perhaps the biggest single area of confusion in the theoretical literature on these important aspects of human experience concerns the relationship of body to mind. This is, of course, a very large issue in contemporary philosophy, which I have tried to consider rather more fully in a recent book. …

  • Bodily Communication

    John Harries, John G Harries et al.•ARTICLE•Leonardo•1977

  • Free Expression, or the Teaching of Techniques

    David Best•ARTICLE•British Journal of Educational…•1979

  • Free expression, or the teaching of techniques

    David Best•ARTICLE•British Journal of Educational…•1979

  • A Policy for the Study of Physical Education and Human Movement

    David Best•ARTICLE•British Journal of Educational…•1980

  • A policy for the study of physical education and human movement

    David Best•ARTICLE•British Journal of Educational…•1980

  • Philosophy and Human Movement

    David Aspin, D N Aspin et al.•ARTICLE•British Journal of Educational…•1980

  • The Objectivity of Artistic Appreciation

    David Best•ARTICLE•The British Journal of Aesthetics•1980•Cited by: 1

    Journal Article THE OBJECTIVITY OF ARTISTIC APPRECIATION Get access David Best David Best Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Aesthetics, Volume 20, Issue 2, SPRING 1980, Pages 115–127, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjaesthetics/20.2.115 Published: 01 February 1980

  • Philosophy and Human Movement

    Drid Williams, David Best•ARTICLE•Ethnomusicology•1980

  • Can Creativity Be Taught

    David Best•ARTICLE•British Journal of Educational…•1982

  • Can creativity be taught

    David Best•ARTICLE•British Journal of Educational…•1982

    (1982). Can creativity be taught? British Journal of Educational Studies: Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 280-294

  • A Reply to My Critics

    David Best•ARTICLE•The British Journal of Aesthetics•1983

    Journal Article A REPLY TO MY CRITICS Get access David Best David Best Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Aesthetics, Volume 23, Issue 2, spring 1983, Pages 148–163, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjaesthetics/23.2.148 Published: 01 February 1983

  • Logic, Particularity and Art

    David Best•ARTICLE•The British Journal of Aesthetics•1983

    Journal Article LOGIC, PARTICULARITY AND ART Get access David Best David Best Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Aesthetics, Volume 23, Issue 4, AUTUMN 1983, Pages 306–318, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjaesthetics/23.4.306 Published: 01 April 1983

  • Reason and Feeling in the Arts

    Peter Abbs, David Best•ARTICLE•British Journal of Educational…•1986

  • Creativity: Education in the Spirit of Enquiry

    David Best•ARTICLE•British Journal of Educational…•1991

  • Creativity: Education in the spirit of enquiry

    David Best•ARTICLE•British Journal of Educational…•1991

  • The Rationality of Feeling: Understanding the Arts in Education

    Gavin Bolton, David Best•ARTICLE•British Journal of Educational…•1993

  • Collective, Integrated Arts: The Expedient Generic Myth

    David Best•ARTICLE•Arts Education Policy Review•1995

    (1995). Collective, Integrated Arts: The Expedient Generic Myth. Arts Education Policy Review: Vol. 97, No. 1, pp. 32-39.

  • Risk behaviours for HIV and hepatitis infection among anabolic-androgenic steroid users

    S J Midgley, Sarah Midgley et al.•ARTICLE•AIDS Care•2000

    This study examined HIV and hepatitis risk behaviours among anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) users and controls, providing a detailed assessment of both injection and sexual practices. Fifty AAS-using and 40 non-AAS-using weight trainers completed a semi-structured interview followed by a detailed questionnaire. The 'high risk' behaviour of sharing needles and syringes was not current practice among the AAS-using sample, with only one user repor…

  • Peer-initiated overdose resuscitation: Fellow drug users could be mobilised to implement resuscitation

    Open Access•John Strang, David Best et al.•ARTICLE•International Journal of Drug…•2000

  • Understanding the Developmental Relationship Between Drug Use and Crime: Are Drug Users the Best People to Ask

    David Best, Lan-Ho Man et al.•ARTICLE•Addiction Research & Theory•2001

    The study investigates developmental associations in the relationship between drug use and crime among 100 treatment-seeking opiate addicts. While 56% of the sample report having committed 2,785 acquisitive crimes in the previous month, there are strong developmental patterns. Those who have committed crimes before age 14 have earlier onset of tobacco, alcohol, cannabis and cocaine use and a lower first age of heroin problems. This relates to per…

  • Ethnic and Gender Differences in Drinking and Smoking among London Adolescents

    David Best, Salman Rawaf et al.•ARTICLE•Ethnicity and Health•2001•Cited by: 7•References: 2

    The importance of sociocultural factors in relation to race and gender in predicting onset and escalation of substance use is discussed. The fact that age of onset does not appear to be a significant determinant of transition rate from initiation to regular use is also explored

  • Research Note

    David Best, Kate Eves•ARTICLE•Policing & Society•2003

    This article examines 64 incidents in which the police pursued or "safely followed" vehicles that failed to stop for them and which resulted in a serious injury or a fatality. Although the majority of the 71 individuals killed or injured were occupants of the pursued car, eight were pedestrians and seven were in vehicles colliding with the pursued vehicle. Those who failed to stop were primarily young males, more than half of whom were alcohol or…

  • Shootings by the Police: What Predicts When a Firearms Officer in England and Wales Will Pull the Trigger

    David Best, Anna Quigley•ARTICLE•Policing & Society•2003•Cited by: 2

    The study reviews 20 police shootings between 1998 and 2001 that are classified by the police as “spontaneous incidents” (in other words, they did not involve incident pre-planning by the firearms commanders). The study used Police Complaints Authority files to review time intervals between initial police awareness of the incidents, arrival at the scene of firearms officers and the initial discharge of police weapons. The aim was to assess what f…

Psychology (68 works) · Sociology (39 works) · Psychiatry (38 works) · Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes (37 works) · Medicine (36 works) · Social Psychology (31 works) · Mental Health and Patient Involvement (26 works) · Homelessness and Social Issues (25 works) · Addiction (23 works) · Political science (20 works)

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