Rafael Robina-Ramírez
Biographic Data
| ID | 1513360 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Rafael Robina-Ramírez |
| GIVEN NAMES | Rafael |
| FAMILY NAME | Robina-Ramírez |
| SIGNATURE | ROBINA-RAMÍREZ R |
| AFFILIATIONS | Universidad de Extremadura |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7117-8645 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 25 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 12 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 25 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2018 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Tourism without rest
This study examines how shift work in the tourism sector affects sleep, fatigue, occupational well-being, and job performance, and explores the role of occupational therapy–informed strategies in these relationships. A sequential mixed-methods design was applied. First, constructs and measurement items were refined through expert review and qualitative validation. Second, a questionnaire was administered to 415 tourism shift workers in Spain, and…
From Passive Heritage Consumption to Active Tourism
This study analyzes how identity fit, narrative selection, co-creation, and AI-Enhanced Interpretation (AII) shape Tourist Active Heritage Engagement in Ecuador. Using a cross-sectional survey of 1336 international tourists and PLS-SEM with Multigroup Analysis, the results show that engagement is driven primarily by identity-based selection, rather than participation alone. MGA reveals a marked asymmetry: AII increases engagement and co-creation …
From digital fear to digital freedom
Unlocking Opportunity
Iraq holds significant potential for tourism, thanks to its rich cultural heritage, religious landmarks, and archaeological sites. However, it faces persistent challenges in attracting international visitors, including security concerns, inadequate infrastructure, and insufficient professional training. This study aims to assess the current state of tourism in Iraq and explore how the sector might be revitalized. The focus is on identifying major…
Artificial intelligence as a moral mediator
Artificial intelligence (AI) in hospitality is often portrayed as a cold, efficiency-focused tool, overlooking its potential to mediate emotional and ethical dynamics in the workplace. This study addresses the problem of how AI can ethically regulate emotional labor without dehumanizing work, and how emotional reciprocity contributes to workplace happiness. Using a quantitative, multigroup survey methodology, data were collected from 754 hospital…
Qué papel juega la humanización de la IA en la mejora del rendimiento turístico
Desde una perspectiva humanista, la IA debe servir a las personas y a su bienestar, lo que requiere tanto de desarrollo personal como de práctica y estudio. En el sector hotelero, la IA presenta retos que deben respetar la dignidad humana. Este estudio evalúa la implementación de modelos humanistas de IA en hoteles para crear experiencias turísticas inclusivas y diversas. Basándose en la teoría MOA (Motivación-Oportunidad-Habilidad), analiza cómo…
Industrial Diffusion Processes in Peri-Urban Environments
Various scientific disciplines (economics, geography, sociology, urban planning, and environmental sciences) have analysed industrialization processes in peri-urban environments. This has given rise to a wide and diverse bibliography on which this bibliometric study, using the most advanced computer tools, offers a comprehensive overview that helps to structure existing knowledge. To this end, the Web of Science and Scopus databases were used, wh…
Bridging Theory and Practice
This study investigates the implementation of dual training at the University of Extremadura (2023–2024), aiming to bridge theoretical academic knowledge with practical industry insights. This research utilizes SmartPLS 4.1.0.9 SEM-PLS software to explore the relationship between corporate engagement, academic outcomes, and sustainability challenges, validating hypotheses and refining dual training models in sustainability education. Key variable…
The role of technological and sustainable innovation in enhancing tourist happiness
This study explores the relationship between technological innovation in Blue and Green Tourism and its impact on tourist happiness. no existing research directly compares these two forms of tourism. The focus is on how Green Tourism relates to rural areas. Blue Tourism, which involves marine ecosystems, has rapidly adopted sustainable technologies due to environmental urgency. Through a comparative analysis, the study illustrates how these innov…
What factors contribute to the socioeconomic and socioenvironmental valorisation of heritage sites
Purpose The heritage and tourist attractiveness of Heritage Cities have aroused interest in establishing mechanisms to enhance their value based on the development of sustainability policies. The socioeconomic and socioenvironmental valuation of these heritage sites has become a necessary tool for decision-making. Design/methodology/approach Following the recommendations of International Council on Monuments and Sites – ICOMOS, this paper propose…
Expectativas turísticas y motivaciones para visitar destinos rurales el caso de Extremadura (España)
Según la OMT (2020), España recibió 83,7 millones de turistas en 2019. Hasta donde sabemos, pocos estudios han profundizado en qué mueve a los turistas, realmente, a visitar las zonas semidespobladas de España. Este artículo tiene como objetivo desarrollar un modelo explicativo de las motivaciones y expectativas turísticas en áreas del sudoeste de España, particularmente Extremadura. El modelo que presentamos clasificó, partiendo de la jerarquía …
Are rural accommodation employees able to aspire to transcendent happiness in their work? An exploratory model
In this paper, we aim to propose formulas based on indicators to develop the transcendent happiness of employees in the tourism industry. Specifically, three factors are proposed as determinants of transcendence happiness (THP): corporate culture (CO), internal communication (IC), and employee-centered personnel management (EPM). To this end, a model proposes to help guide employees in the tourism industry toward happiness. From a sample of 443 e…
From satisfaction to happiness in the co-creation of value
The search for happiness, understood as an inner and personal attitude that goes beyond mere satisfaction, is one of the aims of tourists’ co-creation of value. To date, few studies have analysed the importance of people’s moral principles in the co-creation of tourist value. Moral emotions play an essential role in this process. In this study, 12 tourism managers within administration, 28 hotel managers and 24 travel agencies actively participat…
The trinomial health, safety and happiness promote rural tourism
The first conclusion is that promoting tourist destinations under safe and healthy conditions has become a priority objective in the tourism industry. The second conclusion that follows from the first is that the variables safety and health and the pursuit of happiness are essential factors in promoting tourist destinations for rural hotel managers and rural tourists. The third conclusion related to the first two is that the opportunity that this…
E-learning Acceptance in Face-to-Face Universities due to Covid-19
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented shifts in higher education worldwide. These sudden educational changes have the potential to accelerate the acceptance of online learning, or, conversely, to increase its rejection. The purpose of this experimental study is to examine students' acceptance of and intentions toward the continued use of online learning, which was abruptly introduced by face-to-face universities due to the COVID-19 pande…
What do urban and rural hotel managers say about the future of hotels after Covid-19? The new meaning of safety experiences
The pandemic crisis has caused a change in tourism trends that affect the way hotels are managed. In accordance with the United Nations (2020), hotels must guarantee safe experiences for customers by incorporating sustainability measures. Collaboration between health and tourism authorities and the tourism industry is key. To test this proposal among hotels in Spain, 3 online focus groups and 25 personal interviews with 36 urban and 28 rural hote…
Relationships among relational coordination dimensions
Safety and Health Measures for Covid-19 Transition Period in the Hotel Industry in Spain
The health crisis caused by the outbreak of the COVID-19 disease has devastated the worldwide hospitality sector. The current situation has led many countries to implement drastic rules to stop the spread of the virus. According to the Spanish health authority decisions need to be made in the context of uncertainty and lack of knowledgeable experiences through a gradual and asymmetric de-escalation process planned in four phases. Although the vas…
Tourism and Sustainability in Times of Covid-19
The aim of this paper is to study the effects of the spread of the COVID-19 virus in different regions and its impact on the economy and regional tourist flows. To this end, the researchers have been guided by a set of propositions which they have tried to demonstrate with the results obtained. This research shows that the impact of the pandemic is still being evaluated. The analysis of the relationship between the tourism sector and the pandemic…
Driving private schools to go "green"
Religious schools in Spain and Italy have been focused for centuries on spreading the Bible's message among students. In the beginning of the sacred scriptures, there is a mandate to protect nature as God's steward of creation; however, that reality has played a secondary role amongst believers and educational institutions. 180 Spanish and 135 Italian religious schools participated in the study. Through structural equation modeling (SEM‐PLS), hyp…
How Attitudes, Vision and Ability to Capture Opportunities Affect Startups’ Business Creativity
This article examines the main factors that affect creativity in startups and how these factors influence entrepreneurial initiative strategies. Fifty individuals from the Extremadura region, Spain, participated in an online questionnaire in 2018 and 2019. SmartPLS was used to create a model of the interactions between variables. The results obtained have important theoretical and practical implications as they add new findings to the current lit…
Responsible Job Design Based on the Internal Social Responsibility of Local Governments
Sustainability needs the socially responsible orientation of public institutions, but not only externally. How civil servants and municipal employees consider what local governments do in relation to their internal social responsibility is the main question of this study. Through structural equation modelling and a sample of 294 employees in local governments in a Spanish region (Extremadura), it is demonstrated that responsible job position desi…
What role do religious belief and moral emotions play in pilgrimage with regards to respecting nature
Thousands upon thousands of travellers have visited the Royal Monastery of Guadalupe (Spain) in leisure time since 1389. They might have experienced moral feelings along the picturesque paths that lead the way to this well-known pilgrimage destination – a combination of gratitude, awe and admiration for the beauty of creation and yet compassion for the gradual degradation of the environment. This paper analyses the influence of these transcendent…
Bringing community perceptions into sustainable urban drainage systems
What role does touristś educational motivation play in promoting religious tourism among travellers
Despite the prevalence of theories based on religious tourism, very little research has been done on educational motivation. Up until now, educational motivation has played a secondary role. Most religious tourism studies hardly mention educational motivation as a driver to visit sacred places. This paper addresses this knowledge gap by analysing its relevance as a key motivation in religious tourism. A total of 242 visitors were interviewed in 2…
What role does touristś educational motivation play in promoting religious tourism among travellers
Despite the prevalence of theories based on religious tourism, very little research has been done on educational motivation. Up until now, educational motivation has played a secondary role. Most religious tourism studies hardly mention educational motivation as a driver to visit sacred places. This paper addresses this knowledge gap by analysing its relevance as a key motivation in religious tourism. A total of 242 visitors were interviewed in 2…
What role do religious belief and moral emotions play in pilgrimage with regards to respecting nature
Thousands upon thousands of travellers have visited the Royal Monastery of Guadalupe (Spain) in leisure time since 1389. They might have experienced moral feelings along the picturesque paths that lead the way to this well-known pilgrimage destination – a combination of gratitude, awe and admiration for the beauty of creation and yet compassion for the gradual degradation of the environment. This paper analyses the influence of these transcendent…
Bringing community perceptions into sustainable urban drainage systems
Expectativas turísticas y motivaciones para visitar destinos rurales el caso de Extremadura (España)
Según la OMT (2020), España recibió 83,7 millones de turistas en 2019. Hasta donde sabemos, pocos estudios han profundizado en qué mueve a los turistas, realmente, a visitar las zonas semidespobladas de España. Este artículo tiene como objetivo desarrollar un modelo explicativo de las motivaciones y expectativas turísticas en áreas del sudoeste de España, particularmente Extremadura. El modelo que presentamos clasificó, partiendo de la jerarquía …
What do urban and rural hotel managers say about the future of hotels after Covid-19? The new meaning of safety experiences
The pandemic crisis has caused a change in tourism trends that affect the way hotels are managed. In accordance with the United Nations (2020), hotels must guarantee safe experiences for customers by incorporating sustainability measures. Collaboration between health and tourism authorities and the tourism industry is key. To test this proposal among hotels in Spain, 3 online focus groups and 25 personal interviews with 36 urban and 28 rural hote…
What role does touristś educational motivation play in promoting religious tourism among travellers
Despite the prevalence of theories based on religious tourism, very little research has been done on educational motivation. Up until now, educational motivation has played a secondary role. Most religious tourism studies hardly mention educational motivation as a driver to visit sacred places. This paper addresses this knowledge gap by analysing its relevance as a key motivation in religious tourism. A total of 242 visitors were interviewed in 2…
What role do religious belief and moral emotions play in pilgrimage with regards to respecting nature
Thousands upon thousands of travellers have visited the Royal Monastery of Guadalupe (Spain) in leisure time since 1389. They might have experienced moral feelings along the picturesque paths that lead the way to this well-known pilgrimage destination – a combination of gratitude, awe and admiration for the beauty of creation and yet compassion for the gradual degradation of the environment. This paper analyses the influence of these transcendent…
Bringing community perceptions into sustainable urban drainage systems
Driving private schools to go "green"
Religious schools in Spain and Italy have been focused for centuries on spreading the Bible's message among students. In the beginning of the sacred scriptures, there is a mandate to protect nature as God's steward of creation; however, that reality has played a secondary role amongst believers and educational institutions. 180 Spanish and 135 Italian religious schools participated in the study. Through structural equation modeling (SEM‐PLS), hyp…
How Attitudes, Vision and Ability to Capture Opportunities Affect Startups’ Business Creativity
This article examines the main factors that affect creativity in startups and how these factors influence entrepreneurial initiative strategies. Fifty individuals from the Extremadura region, Spain, participated in an online questionnaire in 2018 and 2019. SmartPLS was used to create a model of the interactions between variables. The results obtained have important theoretical and practical implications as they add new findings to the current lit…
Responsible Job Design Based on the Internal Social Responsibility of Local Governments
Sustainability needs the socially responsible orientation of public institutions, but not only externally. How civil servants and municipal employees consider what local governments do in relation to their internal social responsibility is the main question of this study. Through structural equation modelling and a sample of 294 employees in local governments in a Spanish region (Extremadura), it is demonstrated that responsible job position desi…
Relationships among relational coordination dimensions
Safety and Health Measures for Covid-19 Transition Period in the Hotel Industry in Spain
The health crisis caused by the outbreak of the COVID-19 disease has devastated the worldwide hospitality sector. The current situation has led many countries to implement drastic rules to stop the spread of the virus. According to the Spanish health authority decisions need to be made in the context of uncertainty and lack of knowledgeable experiences through a gradual and asymmetric de-escalation process planned in four phases. Although the vas…
Tourism and Sustainability in Times of Covid-19
The aim of this paper is to study the effects of the spread of the COVID-19 virus in different regions and its impact on the economy and regional tourist flows. To this end, the researchers have been guided by a set of propositions which they have tried to demonstrate with the results obtained. This research shows that the impact of the pandemic is still being evaluated. The analysis of the relationship between the tourism sector and the pandemic…
What do urban and rural hotel managers say about the future of hotels after Covid-19? The new meaning of safety experiences
The pandemic crisis has caused a change in tourism trends that affect the way hotels are managed. In accordance with the United Nations (2020), hotels must guarantee safe experiences for customers by incorporating sustainability measures. Collaboration between health and tourism authorities and the tourism industry is key. To test this proposal among hotels in Spain, 3 online focus groups and 25 personal interviews with 36 urban and 28 rural hote…
Are rural accommodation employees able to aspire to transcendent happiness in their work? An exploratory model
In this paper, we aim to propose formulas based on indicators to develop the transcendent happiness of employees in the tourism industry. Specifically, three factors are proposed as determinants of transcendence happiness (THP): corporate culture (CO), internal communication (IC), and employee-centered personnel management (EPM). To this end, a model proposes to help guide employees in the tourism industry toward happiness. From a sample of 443 e…
From satisfaction to happiness in the co-creation of value
The search for happiness, understood as an inner and personal attitude that goes beyond mere satisfaction, is one of the aims of tourists’ co-creation of value. To date, few studies have analysed the importance of people’s moral principles in the co-creation of tourist value. Moral emotions play an essential role in this process. In this study, 12 tourism managers within administration, 28 hotel managers and 24 travel agencies actively participat…
The trinomial health, safety and happiness promote rural tourism
The first conclusion is that promoting tourist destinations under safe and healthy conditions has become a priority objective in the tourism industry. The second conclusion that follows from the first is that the variables safety and health and the pursuit of happiness are essential factors in promoting tourist destinations for rural hotel managers and rural tourists. The third conclusion related to the first two is that the opportunity that this…
E-learning Acceptance in Face-to-Face Universities due to Covid-19
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented shifts in higher education worldwide. These sudden educational changes have the potential to accelerate the acceptance of online learning, or, conversely, to increase its rejection. The purpose of this experimental study is to examine students' acceptance of and intentions toward the continued use of online learning, which was abruptly introduced by face-to-face universities due to the COVID-19 pande…
What factors contribute to the socioeconomic and socioenvironmental valorisation of heritage sites
Purpose The heritage and tourist attractiveness of Heritage Cities have aroused interest in establishing mechanisms to enhance their value based on the development of sustainability policies. The socioeconomic and socioenvironmental valuation of these heritage sites has become a necessary tool for decision-making. Design/methodology/approach Following the recommendations of International Council on Monuments and Sites – ICOMOS, this paper propose…
Expectativas turísticas y motivaciones para visitar destinos rurales el caso de Extremadura (España)
Según la OMT (2020), España recibió 83,7 millones de turistas en 2019. Hasta donde sabemos, pocos estudios han profundizado en qué mueve a los turistas, realmente, a visitar las zonas semidespobladas de España. Este artículo tiene como objetivo desarrollar un modelo explicativo de las motivaciones y expectativas turísticas en áreas del sudoeste de España, particularmente Extremadura. El modelo que presentamos clasificó, partiendo de la jerarquía …
Qué papel juega la humanización de la IA en la mejora del rendimiento turístico
Desde una perspectiva humanista, la IA debe servir a las personas y a su bienestar, lo que requiere tanto de desarrollo personal como de práctica y estudio. En el sector hotelero, la IA presenta retos que deben respetar la dignidad humana. Este estudio evalúa la implementación de modelos humanistas de IA en hoteles para crear experiencias turísticas inclusivas y diversas. Basándose en la teoría MOA (Motivación-Oportunidad-Habilidad), analiza cómo…
Industrial Diffusion Processes in Peri-Urban Environments
Various scientific disciplines (economics, geography, sociology, urban planning, and environmental sciences) have analysed industrialization processes in peri-urban environments. This has given rise to a wide and diverse bibliography on which this bibliometric study, using the most advanced computer tools, offers a comprehensive overview that helps to structure existing knowledge. To this end, the Web of Science and Scopus databases were used, wh…
Bridging Theory and Practice
This study investigates the implementation of dual training at the University of Extremadura (2023–2024), aiming to bridge theoretical academic knowledge with practical industry insights. This research utilizes SmartPLS 4.1.0.9 SEM-PLS software to explore the relationship between corporate engagement, academic outcomes, and sustainability challenges, validating hypotheses and refining dual training models in sustainability education. Key variable…
The role of technological and sustainable innovation in enhancing tourist happiness
This study explores the relationship between technological innovation in Blue and Green Tourism and its impact on tourist happiness. no existing research directly compares these two forms of tourism. The focus is on how Green Tourism relates to rural areas. Blue Tourism, which involves marine ecosystems, has rapidly adopted sustainable technologies due to environmental urgency. Through a comparative analysis, the study illustrates how these innov…
Tourism without rest
This study examines how shift work in the tourism sector affects sleep, fatigue, occupational well-being, and job performance, and explores the role of occupational therapy–informed strategies in these relationships. A sequential mixed-methods design was applied. First, constructs and measurement items were refined through expert review and qualitative validation. Second, a questionnaire was administered to 415 tourism shift workers in Spain, and…
From Passive Heritage Consumption to Active Tourism
This study analyzes how identity fit, narrative selection, co-creation, and AI-Enhanced Interpretation (AII) shape Tourist Active Heritage Engagement in Ecuador. Using a cross-sectional survey of 1336 international tourists and PLS-SEM with Multigroup Analysis, the results show that engagement is driven primarily by identity-based selection, rather than participation alone. MGA reveals a marked asymmetry: AII increases engagement and co-creation …
From digital fear to digital freedom
Unlocking Opportunity
Iraq holds significant potential for tourism, thanks to its rich cultural heritage, religious landmarks, and archaeological sites. However, it faces persistent challenges in attracting international visitors, including security concerns, inadequate infrastructure, and insufficient professional training. This study aims to assess the current state of tourism in Iraq and explore how the sector might be revitalized. The focus is on identifying major…
Artificial intelligence as a moral mediator
Artificial intelligence (AI) in hospitality is often portrayed as a cold, efficiency-focused tool, overlooking its potential to mediate emotional and ethical dynamics in the workplace. This study addresses the problem of how AI can ethically regulate emotional labor without dehumanizing work, and how emotional reciprocity contributes to workplace happiness. Using a quantitative, multigroup survey methodology, data were collected from 754 hospital…
Tourism (12 works) · Political science (11 works) · Business (10 works) · Psychology (10 works) · Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research (9 works) · Geography (8 works) · Marketing (6 works) · Social Psychology (6 works) · Sustainability (6 works) · Happiness (5 works)