I Braverman
Biographic Data
| ID | 15185 |
|---|---|
| NAME | I Braverman |
| GIVEN NAMES | I |
| FAMILY NAME | Braverman |
| SIGNATURE | BRAVERMAN I |
| AFFILIATIONS | University at Buffalo, State University of New York |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4352-001X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 49 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 346 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 47 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 2 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2007 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
Settler Legal Ecologies: The Colonial Governance of Nature
Settler ecologies are the processes by which settler administrations imagine, construct, govern, discipline, and police nature, nonhuman animals, and Indigenous or otherwise marginalized communities. This article focuses on the role of law in constituting and advancing settler ecologies. It examines how legal regimes animate the colonial administration of nature across multiple geopolitical settings, including Palestine-Israel, the United States,…
Veterinizing the Settler State: Biopolitics, Care, and Killing in Palestine-Israel
Drawing on three multispecies cases in Palestine-Israel - the fallow deer, the griffon vulture, and the free-roaming dog - this article depicts veterinary governance as constitutive of the settler state. Specifically, the article identifies three interrelated but distinct technologies of veterinary power: biopolitics, enacted through population management and selective reproduction; pastoral power, exercised through intimate care and detailed sur…
The New Jewish Shepherd: Land Grabbing and Redemption in the Occupied West Bank
Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, this article explores the recent deployment of sheep and grazing practices by Jewish settlers in the occupied West Bank. The wave of herding outposts that has swept through the West Bank recently involves the use of Jewish‐owned sheep to undermine and dispossess Palestinians and to re‐indigenize the settlers in their place. The sheep have thus become potent yet clandestine agents of control as well as animated t…
Zoometrics and the Dogs of Gaza: Species, Race, and Settler-Colonial Violence
Zoometrics—the shifting hierarchies that calibrate value between the more-or-less human and the more-or-less animal—is a core technology of settler colonialism. Such hierarchies govern life and death, authorizing both violence and care. Drawing on the literature on posthumanism, more-than-human geographies, political ecology, Black and decolonial studies, and critical animal studies, this project identifies strategies of humanization, dehumanizat…
Technoscientific imaging and the territorialization of ocean depth
Once the last unclaimed solid expanse on Earth, the ocean floor has become one of the most contested spaces in contemporary geopolitics. The data-imagery produced by technoscience serves as the ultimate tool for nations asserting sovereignty in this territorial race. This symposium gathers diverse perspectives on the ongoing expansionist drive on the seabed, drawing inspiration from Abissal ——a film-article featuring the Portuguese modern odyssey…
The goat speech: Ecofascism in Palestine-Israel
One hundred and seventeen days into Israel's war on Gaza, the country's minister of interior, rightwing settler Itamar Ben Gvir, delivered a speech over the podium of Israel's Knesset. The main theme of this speech was the goat. This was dubbed by the media as the Goat Speech. While the media focused on the goat as a figure of speech, my essay will reflect on the real properties of goats and on the role that they have played in the political maki…
On Oil Flow and Coral Enclosure: Climate Changes in the Red Sea
Drawing on a handful of in-depth interviews with coral scientists, this essay considers two Red Sea stories, the first about oil flow and the second about coral enclosure. These stories demonstrate the varying, at times contradictory, dimensions of flow, underlining its relational significance and how it can only be understood within a particular spatial and temporal context. While the flow of oil is typically seen as positive for global commerce…
Gaza's underdogs: From zoometrics to domicide
Frontier ecologies: Israel's settler colonialism in the Jawlan-Golan
Settler ecologies and more-than-One Health: From malaria to avian flu in the Hula Valley, Palestine-Israel
The story of the Hula Valley in the Galilee region of Palestine-Israel serves as the focus of this article, which draws on the concepts "more-than-One Health" and "settler ecologies" to highlight the harmful ecological implications of settler colonial projects in this region and elsewhere. Specifically, I tell the story of the Zionist drying of the Hula wetlands in the 1950s for the purpose of fighting off malaria and advancing agriculture in the…
More-Than-One Health: Humans, Animals, and the Environment Post-Covid
Coralations: Back to the Breath
Corals are good to breathe with. Living painfully far from the ocean during the long COVID-19 lockdowns, I have been relegated to daydreaming about being immersed in salty waters again
Nof kdumim: Remaking the ancient landscape in East Jerusalem's national parks
This article explores two national parks in East Jerusalem and their legal administration as the focus of contradictory and complementary attempts at preservation, colonization, and normalization. Drawing on in-depth interviews with, and observations of, officials from the Israel Nature and Parks Authority and others, I expose the Judaizing of the landscape in Jerusalem. Nature never stands for itself; it is always an echo of a human presence and…
Environmental justice, settler colonialism, and more-than-humans in the occupied West Bank: An introduction
Our special issue provides a first-of-its kind attempt to examine environmental injustices in the occupied West Bank through interdisciplinary perspectives, pointing to the broader settler colonial and neoliberal contexts within which they occur and to their more-than-human implications. Specifically, we seek to understand what environmental justice-a movement originating from, and rooted in, the United States-means in the context of Palestine/Is…
Wild Legalities: Animals and Settler Colonialism in Palestine/Israel
This article examines the underlying biopolitical premises of wildlife management in Palestine/Israel that make, remake, and unmake this region's settler colonial landscape. Drawing on interviews with Israeli nature officials and observations of their work, the article tells several animal stories that illuminate the hierarchies and slippages between wild and domestic, nature and culture, native and settler, and human and nonhuman life in Palesti…
Blue Legalities: The Life and Laws of the Sea
Fleshy Encounters: Meddling in the Lifeworlds of Zoo and Aquarium Veterinarians
This article aims to make visible expert practices that take place behind closed doors and that are perceived as being of no concern to the public, who wouldn’t understand them anyway. The experts that this article is concerned with are medical practitioners of a particular kind: zoo and aquarium veterinarians. I utilize both text and multimedia presentations to allow the veterinarians I interviewed to directly explain their work to the reader, w…
Silent springs: The nature of water and Israel's military occupation
Drawing on interviews with, and observations of, officials from Israel's Nature and Park Authority, fieldworkers from environmental and human rights nonprofits, and local Palestinian farmers, this article tells stories about springs in the occupied West Bank. Entangled with the physical decline of the springs' water supply and quality, it examines this waterworld also in a broader sense, which includes cultural, political, and religious-with a sp…
Shifting baselines in coral conservation
Reef-building corals are increasingly exposed to warming ocean temperatures. Their immediate response to this rise in temperature is to expel their symbiotic algae and turn white, or bleach. It is mainly for these reasons that corals have been perceived by scientists as both a sign and a measure of the imminent catastrophe facing life in the oceans and, subsequently, on earth. To measure coral decline across space and time, coral scientists have …
Corals in the city: Cultivating ocean life in the Anthropocene
Ocean life is often portrayed as antithetical to life in the city. Drawing on interviews with coral hobbyists and aquarists, my article focuses on the emergence of the coral aquarium hobby within the urban home. I depict the recent fascination of city dwellers from around the globe with corals, explore the history and contemporary characteristics of those who propagate them as well as their reasons for doing so, and examine the urban coral indust…
Fish Encounters: Aquariums and their Veterinarians in a Rapidly Changing World
The extensive body of social science and humanities scholarship on zoos rarely discusses aquariums. Despite their independent historical trajectory and unique characteristics and challenges, aquariums are typically considered the younger sister to the more established terrestrial zoo institutions. This article is an initial exploration of modern public aquariums through the eyes of these institutions’ veterinarians, a small but rapidly growing, a…
Law's Underdog: A Call for More-than-Human Legalities
Questions pertaining to the role of nonhumans in law shed light on some of the most fundamental assumptions and constructions of contemporary modern law. I start by reviewing the traditions of animal welfare and animal rights in legal studies and by discussing the constitutional frameworks that contend with the animal. Then, I move beyond the individual-based discourse of much existing animal law to contemplate ecological traditions that consider…
Saving Species, One Individual at a Time: Zoo Veterinarians Between Welfare and Conservation
The role of zoo veterinarians has changed significantly in the last several decades, reflecting and revealing broader transformations in zoo culture, especially among North American accredited zoos. This article draws on several interviews with prominent zoo vets, as well as on regulations that pertain to their work, to highlight their current position at the nexus of animal health and welfare, on the one hand, and of species conservation, on the…
Anticipating endangerment: The biopolitics of threatened species lists
Bleached
The Expanding Spaces of Law: A Timely Legal Geography
Wild Life: The Institution of Nature
Wild Life documents a nuanced understanding of the wild versus captive divide in species conservation. It also documents the emerging understanding that all forms of wild nature—both in situ (on-site) and ex situ (in captivity)—may need to be managed in perpetuity. Providing a unique window into the high-stakes world of nature conservation, Irus Braverman describes the heroic efforts by conservationists to save wild life. Yet in the shadows of su…
Uprooting Identities: The Regulation of Olive Trees in the Occupied West Bank
Trees in general, and olive and pine trees in particular, perform a pivotal role in the Zionist and the Palestinian national narratives. This article reveals the complex historical and cultural processes that have led to the strong identification between the olive tree and the Palestinian people, arguing that this identification is not only a reflection of the olive's unique economic and cultural status in this region but also an act of resistanc…
Environmental justice, settler colonialism, and more-than-humans in the occupied West Bank: An introduction
Our special issue provides a first-of-its kind attempt to examine environmental injustices in the occupied West Bank through interdisciplinary perspectives, pointing to the broader settler colonial and neoliberal contexts within which they occur and to their more-than-human implications. Specifically, we seek to understand what environmental justice-a movement originating from, and rooted in, the United States-means in the context of Palestine/Is…
Conservation without nature: The Trouble With in Situ Versus Ex Situ Conservation
Hidden in Plain View: Legal Geography from a Visual Perspective
Law, with a capital “L” at least, is not particularly fond of hiding itself. In order to be effective, law must be asserted in the world; it must be acknowledged; and, most importantly, it must be visually seen. Why, then, would law hide itself in space? And, perhaps more importantly, how would it do so? And why would such hidden places of law be of importance to us? This paper explores the dual project of seeing and concealing within the context…
Wild Legalities: Animals and Settler Colonialism in Palestine/Israel
This article examines the underlying biopolitical premises of wildlife management in Palestine/Israel that make, remake, and unmake this region's settler colonial landscape. Drawing on interviews with Israeli nature officials and observations of their work, the article tells several animal stories that illuminate the hierarchies and slippages between wild and domestic, nature and culture, native and settler, and human and nonhuman life in Palesti…
Civilized Borders: A Study of Israel's New Crossing Administration
At Israel's new border crossings with the West Bank, modernization has become the buzz-word: not only referring to modernized mechanical means—a Wall, newly designed crossings, and micro-mechanics such as turnstiles, signs, and fences—but also to new and sophisticated scientific technologies, such as sensor machines and scanners, and to modernized means of identification, such as advanced computer systems and biometric cards. This paper considers…
Nof kdumim: Remaking the ancient landscape in East Jerusalem's national parks
This article explores two national parks in East Jerusalem and their legal administration as the focus of contradictory and complementary attempts at preservation, colonization, and normalization. Drawing on in-depth interviews with, and observations of, officials from the Israel Nature and Parks Authority and others, I expose the Judaizing of the landscape in Jerusalem. Nature never stands for itself; it is always an echo of a human presence and…
Law's Underdog: A Call for More-than-Human Legalities
Questions pertaining to the role of nonhumans in law shed light on some of the most fundamental assumptions and constructions of contemporary modern law. I start by reviewing the traditions of animal welfare and animal rights in legal studies and by discussing the constitutional frameworks that contend with the animal. Then, I move beyond the individual-based discourse of much existing animal law to contemplate ecological traditions that consider…
Powers of Illegality: House Demolitions and Resistance in East Jerusalem
This article examines how techniques of illegality based in planning laws and policy are utilized to dominate the Palestinian population of East Jerusalem. Although the demolition of homes is the most spectacular spatial mechanism of illegality exercised by Israel in East Jerusalem, my focus in the first part of the article is on more mundane techniques of illegality, such as mapping, filing, and arbitrariness. The second part of the article intr…
Animal Mobilegalities: The Regulation of Animal Movement in the American City
The initial focus of “animobility” scholarship has been on the dynamic physical geographies of animals. This article extends the meaning of animobility to explore the ways in which animals are affected — and, in fact, constituted — by law, as well as the ways in which they affect and constitute law, which I call “mobilegalities.” Specifically, I ask how animobility in contemporary American cities translates into the animals’ legal mobility, and h…
States of Exemption: The Legal and Animal Geographies of American Zoos
The paper explores the interconnections between legal and animal geographies as manifested in American zoos. On the one hand, law shapes not only the zoo's physical facilities, but also the very identity of zoo animals. On the other hand, the peculiarity of zoo animals-and of zoos as public spaces that display such animals-also translates into an anomalous state of zoo laws. The paper is divided into three parts. The first part demonstrates that,…
Captive: Zoometric Operations in Gaza
Drawing on ethnographic encounters and investigative analysis, this article relays how Gaza's spatial confinement generally, and the Israeli incursion of summer 2014 in particular, has lent itself to a radicalized discursive interplay between the animalization of humans and the humanization of animals who live in Gaza. I show how human animals-Israelis and Palestinians, children and terrorists-as well as nonhuman animals-snakes, zoo animals, dogs…
The Tree Is the Enemy Soldier: A Sociolegal Making of War Landscapes in the Occupied West Bank
War landscapes have a particular sociology; they are also formed through distinct legal technologies. By examining the genealogy of trees as totemic displacements in the occupied West Bank I demonstrate how the Israeli/Palestinian war is deflected onto the landscape and how this deflection erodes the boundary between law and war. Dealing with issues of colonization, nationalization, and the way that these implicate landscape as a "natural alibi,"…
Shifting baselines in coral conservation
Reef-building corals are increasingly exposed to warming ocean temperatures. Their immediate response to this rise in temperature is to expel their symbiotic algae and turn white, or bleach. It is mainly for these reasons that corals have been perceived by scientists as both a sign and a measure of the imminent catastrophe facing life in the oceans and, subsequently, on earth. To measure coral decline across space and time, coral scientists have …
Governing the Wild: Databases, Algorithms, and Population Models as Biopolitics
This essay draws on interviews with conservation biologists to reflect on two interrelated aspects of the in situ – ex situ divide and its increasing integration: database systems and population management models. Specifically, I highlight those databases and software programs used by zoos in ex situ conservation settings, and the parallel, traditionally distinct, in situ databases and risk assessment models. I then explore the evolving technolog…
Checkpoint Watch: Bureaucracy and Resistance at the Israeli/Palestinian Border
This article sketches my personal impression of the changes that have occurred over the last decade in the Israeli checkpoints in and around Jerusalem. These changes have manifested both in the physical design of the checkpoints and in their human management. I discuss these changes through focusing on the women’s human rights organization ‘MachsomWatch’. The role of this organization, I claim here, has changed in ways that parallel the solidific…
Silent springs: The nature of water and Israel's military occupation
Drawing on interviews with, and observations of, officials from Israel's Nature and Park Authority, fieldworkers from environmental and human rights nonprofits, and local Palestinian farmers, this article tells stories about springs in the occupied West Bank. Entangled with the physical decline of the springs' water supply and quality, it examines this waterworld also in a broader sense, which includes cultural, political, and religious-with a sp…
Animal Frontiers: A Tale of Three Zoos in Israel/Palestine
Situated within fifty miles of each other at the heart of Israel-Palestine, three zoos — Jerusalem, Qalqilya, and Gaza — tell three very different stories about nonhuman animals, humans, and their imbricated survival across borders and at times of war. Through in-depth interviews with personnel from these three zoos, this article tracks the material and symbolic identities of three zoo animals. Yet the article is not just about animals; it is als…
Governing with Clean Hands: Automated Public Toilets and Sanitary Surveillance
To anyone familiar with the story of urban decay in major American cities in the 1980s – and with the subsequent abolition of toilets from city streets – the introduction of automated public toilets (APTs) to urban spaces sounds like very good news. This article explores the re-democratizing message that commonly accompanies the introduction of APTs to North American city streets as well as their on-the-ground manifestations. It focuses on two ma…
Renouncing Citizenship as Protest: Reflections by a Jewish Israeli Ethnographer
Previous articleNext article FreeRenouncing Citizenship as Protest: Reflections by a Jewish Israeli EthnographerIrus BravermanIrus Braverman Search for more articles by this author Irus Braverman is Professor of Law at the University at Buffalo, State University of New York. Her most recent monograph, Wild Life: The Institution of Nature (2015), draws on interviews with 120 conservation professionals and activists to explore core dilemmas of wild…
Frontier ecologies: Israel's settler colonialism in the Jawlan-Golan
Bleached
Zooveillance: Foucault Goes to the Zoo
The last three decades have witnessed a dramatic shift in the governance of North American zoo animals. During this period, captive animal administration has transformed from a materially, geographically, and technologically limited enterprise – focused on the control of individual zoo animals within specific North American zoo institutions – into an ambitious collective project that encompasses all accredited North American zoos and that governs…
Powers of Illegality: House Demolitions and Resistance in East Jerusalem
This article examines how techniques of illegality based in planning laws and policy are utilized to dominate the Palestinian population of East Jerusalem. Although the demolition of homes is the most spectacular spatial mechanism of illegality exercised by Israel in East Jerusalem, my focus in the first part of the article is on more mundane techniques of illegality, such as mapping, filing, and arbitrariness. The second part of the article intr…
The Tree Is the Enemy Soldier: A Sociolegal Making of War Landscapes in the Occupied West Bank
War landscapes have a particular sociology; they are also formed through distinct legal technologies. By examining the genealogy of trees as totemic displacements in the occupied West Bank I demonstrate how the Israeli/Palestinian war is deflected onto the landscape and how this deflection erodes the boundary between law and war. Dealing with issues of colonization, nationalization, and the way that these implicate landscape as a "natural alibi,"…
Governing with Clean Hands: Automated Public Toilets and Sanitary Surveillance
To anyone familiar with the story of urban decay in major American cities in the 1980s – and with the subsequent abolition of toilets from city streets – the introduction of automated public toilets (APTs) to urban spaces sounds like very good news. This article explores the re-democratizing message that commonly accompanies the introduction of APTs to North American city streets as well as their on-the-ground manifestations. It focuses on two ma…
Uprooting Identities: The Regulation of Olive Trees in the Occupied West Bank
Trees in general, and olive and pine trees in particular, perform a pivotal role in the Zionist and the Palestinian national narratives. This article reveals the complex historical and cultural processes that have led to the strong identification between the olive tree and the Palestinian people, arguing that this identification is not only a reflection of the olive's unique economic and cultural status in this region but also an act of resistanc…
Hidden in Plain View: Legal Geography from a Visual Perspective
Law, with a capital “L” at least, is not particularly fond of hiding itself. In order to be effective, law must be asserted in the world; it must be acknowledged; and, most importantly, it must be visually seen. Why, then, would law hide itself in space? And, perhaps more importantly, how would it do so? And why would such hidden places of law be of importance to us? This paper explores the dual project of seeing and concealing within the context…
Looking at Zoos
Looking at zoos from the perspective of zoo personnel, this article explores the importance of vision in the zoo's presentation of its animals as well as the major technologies that the zoo uses to intensify such animal visions. On the one end of the spectrum, zoogeography and immersion design are used at the zoo exhibit to enable zoogoers to see animals in their naturalistic settings. On the opposite end of the spectrum, animals are caged and ca…
Civilized Borders: A Study of Israel's New Crossing Administration
At Israel's new border crossings with the West Bank, modernization has become the buzz-word: not only referring to modernized mechanical means—a Wall, newly designed crossings, and micro-mechanics such as turnstiles, signs, and fences—but also to new and sophisticated scientific technologies, such as sensor machines and scanners, and to modernized means of identification, such as advanced computer systems and biometric cards. This paper considers…
States of Exemption: The Legal and Animal Geographies of American Zoos
The paper explores the interconnections between legal and animal geographies as manifested in American zoos. On the one hand, law shapes not only the zoo's physical facilities, but also the very identity of zoo animals. On the other hand, the peculiarity of zoo animals-and of zoos as public spaces that display such animals-also translates into an anomalous state of zoo laws. The paper is divided into three parts. The first part demonstrates that,…
Zooveillance: Foucault Goes to the Zoo
The last three decades have witnessed a dramatic shift in the governance of North American zoo animals. During this period, captive animal administration has transformed from a materially, geographically, and technologically limited enterprise – focused on the control of individual zoo animals within specific North American zoo institutions – into an ambitious collective project that encompasses all accredited North American zoos and that governs…
Checkpoint Watch: Bureaucracy and Resistance at the Israeli/Palestinian Border
This article sketches my personal impression of the changes that have occurred over the last decade in the Israeli checkpoints in and around Jerusalem. These changes have manifested both in the physical design of the checkpoints and in their human management. I discuss these changes through focusing on the women’s human rights organization ‘MachsomWatch’. The role of this organization, I claim here, has changed in ways that parallel the solidific…
A Tale of Two Zoos
This short piece tells the story of the Israeli occupation through the relationship between two zoos: the Biblical Zoo in Jerusalem and the Qalqilya Zoo in the West Bank. Despite the insistence by all interviewees that the zoos’ animals exist beyond the contentious politics of this place, this essay demonstrates that the two zoos are deeply entangled in hegemonic relations. The Israelis have the animals, the professional means, and the education.…
Animal Frontiers: A Tale of Three Zoos in Israel/Palestine
Situated within fifty miles of each other at the heart of Israel-Palestine, three zoos — Jerusalem, Qalqilya, and Gaza — tell three very different stories about nonhuman animals, humans, and their imbricated survival across borders and at times of war. Through in-depth interviews with personnel from these three zoos, this article tracks the material and symbolic identities of three zoo animals. Yet the article is not just about animals; it is als…
Conservation without nature: The Trouble With in Situ Versus Ex Situ Conservation
Animal Mobilegalities: The Regulation of Animal Movement in the American City
The initial focus of “animobility” scholarship has been on the dynamic physical geographies of animals. This article extends the meaning of animobility to explore the ways in which animals are affected — and, in fact, constituted — by law, as well as the ways in which they affect and constitute law, which I call “mobilegalities.” Specifically, I ask how animobility in contemporary American cities translates into the animals’ legal mobility, and h…
Who’s Afraid of Methodology?: Advocating a Methodological Turn in Legal Geography
The Expanding Spaces of Law: A Timely Legal Geography
"The Expanding Spaces of Law presents readers with cutting-edge scholarship in legal geography. An invaluable resource for those new to this line of scholarship, the book also pushes the boundaries of legal geography, reinvigorating previous modes of inquiry and investigating new directions. It guides scholars interested in the law-space-power nexus to underexplored empirical sites and to novel theoretical and disciplinary resources. Finally, The…
The Expanding Spaces of Law: A Timely Legal Geography
Rights of Passage: On Doors, Technology, and the Fourth Amendment
The importance of the door for human civilization cannot be overstated. In various cultures, the door has been a central technology for negotiating the distinction between inside and outside, private and public, and profane and sacred. By tracing the material and symbolic significance of the door in American Fourth Amendment case law, this article illuminates the vitality of matter for law’s everyday practices. In particular, it highlights how va…
Governing the Wild: Databases, Algorithms, and Population Models as Biopolitics
This essay draws on interviews with conservation biologists to reflect on two interrelated aspects of the in situ – ex situ divide and its increasing integration: database systems and population management models. Specifically, I highlight those databases and software programs used by zoos in ex situ conservation settings, and the parallel, traditionally distinct, in situ databases and risk assessment models. I then explore the evolving technolog…
Hyperlegality and Heightened Surveillance: The Case of Threatened Species Lists
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Wild Life: The Institution of Nature
Wild Life documents a nuanced understanding of the wild versus captive divide in species conservation. It also documents the emerging understanding that all forms of wild nature—both in situ (on-site) and ex situ (in captivity)—may need to be managed in perpetuity. Providing a unique window into the high-stakes world of nature conservation, Irus Braverman describes the heroic efforts by conservationists to save wild life. Yet in the shadows of su…
Wild life: An ethnography
Anticipating endangerment: The biopolitics of threatened species lists
Bleached
Renouncing Citizenship as Protest: Reflections by a Jewish Israeli Ethnographer
Previous articleNext article FreeRenouncing Citizenship as Protest: Reflections by a Jewish Israeli EthnographerIrus BravermanIrus Braverman Search for more articles by this author Irus Braverman is Professor of Law at the University at Buffalo, State University of New York. Her most recent monograph, Wild Life: The Institution of Nature (2015), draws on interviews with 120 conservation professionals and activists to explore core dilemmas of wild…
Political science (32 works) · Sociology (25 works) · Law (24 works) · Geographies of human-animal interactions (22 works) · Law (20 works) · Politics (17 works) · Geography (16 works) · Biology (15 works) · Environmental ethics (15 works) · Ecology (14 works)