Christina Giovas
Biographic Data
| ID | 157487 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Christina Giovas |
| GIVEN NAMES | Christina |
| FAMILY NAME | Giovas |
| SIGNATURE | GIOVAS C |
| AFFILIATIONS | Simon Fraser University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4626-113X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 28 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 269 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 28 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2006 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
Ancient sea turtle (Chelonioidea) ZooMS identifications illuminate species-specific human interactions and long-term populations changes for Curaçao and Bonaire
Caribbean sea turtle histories are deeply intertwined with past human societies, with zooarchaeological evidence suggesting their dietary and socio-cultural importance from as early as 3370 BCE. However, the high fragmentation typical of archaeological sea turtle bones has generally limited morphological identifications to higher taxonomic levels, hindering species-specific assessments of interaction with humans and their legacy effects. We appli…
Cultural landscapes reveal 5700 years of human–environment interaction on Curaçao
From 2022–2025, the Curaçao Cultural Landscape Project conducted archaeological and palaeoecological investigations of Rif Sint Marie and Jan Thiel, Curaçao, to reconstruct long-term landscape history. Results reveal a 5700-year settlement history, strategic adaptations enacted by diverse cultural groups and the legacy of past human activities within the contemporary landscape.
The First Zooarchaeological Synthesis of the Leeward Antilles (Caribbean): Trends and Implications for Archaeology and Conservation
Zooarchaeological assemblages provide critical, diachronic data reflecting long-term subsistence trends influenced by changing technologies, environments, human activities and species introductions. Such data are imperative in regions such as the Caribbean where island ecosystems are facing rapid declines in biodiversity and increased habitat loss. While the Caribbean has received increased zooarchaeological attention in recent years, the souther…
Radiocarbon dates from Curaçao’s oldest Archaic site extend earliest island settlement to ca. 5700 cal BP
Due to its proximity to coastal South America and settlement during the early phase of insular Caribbean occupation, Curaçao's archaeological record offers potential evidence for early overwater exploration and regional interaction. Here, we report new accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dates on charcoal from C-1426 at Saliña Sint Marie, an Archaic rockshelter site that extends Curaçao's occupation back to 5735–5600 cal BP, some 290–850 years ea…
Collagen fingerprinting of Caribbean archaeological fish bones: Methodological implications for historical fisheries baselines and anthropogenic change
A systematic review of agouti (Dasyproctidae: (Dasyprocta ) records from the pre‐1492 Lesser Antilles: New perspectives on an introduced commensal
The agouti ( Dasyprocta sp.), a medium‐sized neotropical rodent, was introduced by indigenous peoples to the Caribbean islands over a millennium ago and is recorded at archeological sites throughout the Lesser Antilles and southern Caribbean. Like many commensal fauna, these mammals are valuable proxies for deciphering ancient human practices and mobility. However, unsystematic reporting and ambiguous data hinder determination of the agouti's tim…
Petrographic analysis of Pre-Columbian pottery from Nevis, Eastern Caribbean
A Simple Method for Quantifying Compositional Correspondence Between Zooarchaeological Assemblages Using Paired Similarity Indices
The Carriacou Ecodynamics Archaeology Project: First Results of Geophysical Survey and Landscape Archaeology at the Sabazan Site, The Grenadines
The Caribbean island of Carriacou is notable for its recurrent drought, paucity of large, native land animals, and well-developed bank and barrier reef system. These environmental conditions presented challenges and opportunities to the Amerindians, Europeans, and enslaved Africans who settled here through time. While available evidence suggests human presence has altered island ecology through agriculture, deforestation, erosion, species introdu…
An Islandscape IFD: Using the Ideal Free Distribution to Predict Pre-Columbian Settlements from Grenada to St. Vincent, Eastern Caribbean
This study employs an ideal free distribution (IFD) model to conduct a fine-grained analysis of environmental factors affecting the pre-Columbian colonisation sequence and settlement patterning in the southern Lesser Antilles of the Eastern Caribbean. We compiled a database of all known archaeological site locations and associated chronological data from St. Vincent, the Grenadines, and Grenada, and vetted this dataset for accuracy. We then perfo…
Advancing the Study of Amerindian Ecodynamics in the Caribbean: Current Perspectives
Worldwide, archaeological research is increasingly demonstrating the antiquity and complexity of interactions between human groups and the environment. In the Caribbean, this complexity is undersco
The Beasts At Large – Perennial Questions and New Paradigms for Caribbean Translocation Research. Part II: Mammalian Introductions in Cultural Context
Looking to clarify outstanding questions about human-animal dynamics in the pre-Columbian Caribbean, archaeologists have recently renewed investigation into the sociocultural context of mammal translocations to the islands. In this second instalment of a three-article series, I examine Amerindian ethnophoresy, that is, the process of anthropogenic species dispersal and its associated cultural practices, drawing on archaeological, ethnographic, an…
The Beasts at Large – Perennial Questions and New Paradigms for Caribbean Translocation Research. Part I: Ethnozoogeography of Mammals
While researchers have long appreciated that mammal introductions were an important aspect of Amerindian-environment interaction in the prehistoric Caribbean, persistent questions about dispersal routes, animal management practices, possible domestication, and ritual use remain unresolved. In this three-article series, offered as a model approach for prehistoric translocation studies, I review the present state of knowledge on pre-Columbian Carib…
Continental Connections and Insular Distributions: Deer Bone Artifacts of the Precolumbian West Indies—a Review and Synthesis With New Records
The remains of non-native deer (Cervidae) have been sparsely recorded in Amerindian archaeological sites of the West Indies, but evidence indicates the presence of at least two genera, white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus ) and brocket deer ( Mazama ), during the precolumbian era known as the Ceramic Age (ca. 500 BC–AD 1500). Due to underreporting of finds and lack of regional integration of existing records, however, the West Indian distribution of ce…
Reconstructing prehistoric fishing zones in Palau, Micronesia using fish remains: A blind test of inter‐analyst correspondence
Archaeologists routinely reconstruct the types of marine environments fished by past human societies in order to understand economic systems, foraging behaviour, maritime technology and seafaring abilities. These reconstructions are based on ecological data provided by archaeofish identifications, but can be problematic where coarse‐grained designations, such as inshore or pelagic, are used, or the influence of fish behaviour and life history tra…
Prey body size and anthropogenic resource depression: The decline of prehistoric fishing at Chelechol ra Orrak, Palau
Pre-Columbian Amerindian Lifeways at the Sabazan Site, Carriacou, West Indies
Recent excavations at the Ceramic Age village site of Sabazan on Carriacou, Grenada, indicate long-term occupation spanning AD 400 to 1400. One of the earliest settlements in the Grenadines Archipelago, Sabazan's chronology corroborates late Saladoid colonization of the region with the timing of major developments at this location supported by a robust chronology of 26 radiocarbon assays. Investigation of deep, stratified midden deposits yielded …
Though She Be But Little: Resource Resilience, Amerindian Foraging, and Long-Term Adaptive Strategies in the Grenadines, West Indies
Because small islands are frequently associated with spatially heterogeneous, biodiverse marine environments that readily exceed the productive capacity of their associated terrestrial habitat, it has been argued that these were attractive settlement locations for people due to the rich aquatic resource base they provided. I examine this proposition for the small West Indian island of Carriacou (32 km2), situated in the Grenadines micro-archipela…
Sr and Pb isotopic investigation of mammal introductions: Pre-Columbian zoogeographic records from the Lesser Antilles, West Indies
Prehistoric migration in the Caribbean: Past perspectives, new models and the ideal free distribution of West Indian colonization
Historically, archaeologists have pursued two basic approaches to prehistoric Caribbean colonization: those relying on historical narratives and those informed by theoretical modelling. With few exceptions, the latter have not been widely employed. Here, we introduce a behavioural ecology model used in Pacific archaeology, the ideal free distribution (IFD), to understand Caribbean migration and island settlement as a form of adaptive behaviour. W…
Intensifying collection and size increase of the tessellated nerite snail (Nerita tessellata) at the Coconut Walk site, Nevis, northern Lesser Antilles, AD 890–1440
New Radiocarbon Dates for the Grenadine Islands (West Indies)
Intensified archaeological research in the Caribbean over the past 2 decades has provided a wealth of new information on how and when these islands were settled prehistorically. However, there has been a paucity of research on islands in the southern Lesser Antilles, which would allow for more rigorous testing of migration models and various settlement pattern hypotheses. To address some of these chronological and geographical gaps, we present a …
Temporal trends in prehistoric fishing in Palau, Micronesia over the last 1500 years
Previous research at the Chelechol ra Orrak site in Palau, Micronesia suggested that fishing may have declined prehistorically over the past two thousand years. Here we discuss the analysis of an additional suite of archaeofish remains recovered from the site that significantly expands the size of the previous assemblage, providing a more robust interpretation of prehistoric fishing in the archipelago. Results indicate that although all phases of…
Evidence for size increase in an exploited mollusc: Humped conch (Strombus gibberulus) at Chelechol ra Orrak, Palau from ca. 3000–0 BP
The Zooarchaeology of Islands: Towards Synergy and Synthesis
In recent years much ink has been spilled debating the role, nature, and legitimacy of island archaeology as a subdiscipline within archaeology. No matter how islands and their archaeology are viewed, however, there can be no doubt that zooarchaeological studies of islands have gained increasing prominence in our efforts to understand human lifeways in these settings. Here we discuss current trends in island zooarchaeology and examine some of the…
The shell game: Analytic problems in archaeological mollusc quantification
Evidence for size increase in an exploited mollusc: Humped conch (Strombus gibberulus) at Chelechol ra Orrak, Palau from ca. 3000–0 BP
Prehistoric migration in the Caribbean: Past perspectives, new models and the ideal free distribution of West Indian colonization
Historically, archaeologists have pursued two basic approaches to prehistoric Caribbean colonization: those relying on historical narratives and those informed by theoretical modelling. With few exceptions, the latter have not been widely employed. Here, we introduce a behavioural ecology model used in Pacific archaeology, the ideal free distribution (IFD), to understand Caribbean migration and island settlement as a form of adaptive behaviour. W…
Intensifying collection and size increase of the tessellated nerite snail (Nerita tessellata) at the Coconut Walk site, Nevis, northern Lesser Antilles, AD 890–1440
No Pig Atoll: Island Biogeography and the Extirpation of a Polynesian Domesticate
The significance of the domestic pig, Sus scrofa, to prehistoric Polynesians is hinted at by its inclusion among the species that they transported with them as they colonized Oceania. However, archaeological data reveal a pattern of pig distribution far more extensive in prehistory than at historic contact. Domestic mammal extirpation is a phenomenon apparently unique to prehistoric Polynesia. Although well recognized, the local extinction of dom…
Sr and Pb isotopic investigation of mammal introductions: Pre-Columbian zoogeographic records from the Lesser Antilles, West Indies
Though She Be But Little: Resource Resilience, Amerindian Foraging, and Long-Term Adaptive Strategies in the Grenadines, West Indies
Because small islands are frequently associated with spatially heterogeneous, biodiverse marine environments that readily exceed the productive capacity of their associated terrestrial habitat, it has been argued that these were attractive settlement locations for people due to the rich aquatic resource base they provided. I examine this proposition for the small West Indian island of Carriacou (32 km2), situated in the Grenadines micro-archipela…
Temporal trends in prehistoric fishing in Palau, Micronesia over the last 1500 years
Previous research at the Chelechol ra Orrak site in Palau, Micronesia suggested that fishing may have declined prehistorically over the past two thousand years. Here we discuss the analysis of an additional suite of archaeofish remains recovered from the site that significantly expands the size of the previous assemblage, providing a more robust interpretation of prehistoric fishing in the archipelago. Results indicate that although all phases of…
Continental Connections and Insular Distributions: Deer Bone Artifacts of the Precolumbian West Indies—a Review and Synthesis With New Records
The remains of non-native deer (Cervidae) have been sparsely recorded in Amerindian archaeological sites of the West Indies, but evidence indicates the presence of at least two genera, white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus ) and brocket deer ( Mazama ), during the precolumbian era known as the Ceramic Age (ca. 500 BC–AD 1500). Due to underreporting of finds and lack of regional integration of existing records, however, the West Indian distribution of ce…
Reconstructing prehistoric fishing zones in Palau, Micronesia using fish remains: A blind test of inter‐analyst correspondence
Archaeologists routinely reconstruct the types of marine environments fished by past human societies in order to understand economic systems, foraging behaviour, maritime technology and seafaring abilities. These reconstructions are based on ecological data provided by archaeofish identifications, but can be problematic where coarse‐grained designations, such as inshore or pelagic, are used, or the influence of fish behaviour and life history tra…
Pre-Columbian Amerindian Lifeways at the Sabazan Site, Carriacou, West Indies
Recent excavations at the Ceramic Age village site of Sabazan on Carriacou, Grenada, indicate long-term occupation spanning AD 400 to 1400. One of the earliest settlements in the Grenadines Archipelago, Sabazan's chronology corroborates late Saladoid colonization of the region with the timing of major developments at this location supported by a robust chronology of 26 radiocarbon assays. Investigation of deep, stratified midden deposits yielded …
The Beasts at Large – Perennial Questions and New Paradigms for Caribbean Translocation Research. Part I: Ethnozoogeography of Mammals
While researchers have long appreciated that mammal introductions were an important aspect of Amerindian-environment interaction in the prehistoric Caribbean, persistent questions about dispersal routes, animal management practices, possible domestication, and ritual use remain unresolved. In this three-article series, offered as a model approach for prehistoric translocation studies, I review the present state of knowledge on pre-Columbian Carib…
Collagen fingerprinting of Caribbean archaeological fish bones: Methodological implications for historical fisheries baselines and anthropogenic change
New Radiocarbon Dates for the Grenadine Islands (West Indies)
Intensified archaeological research in the Caribbean over the past 2 decades has provided a wealth of new information on how and when these islands were settled prehistorically. However, there has been a paucity of research on islands in the southern Lesser Antilles, which would allow for more rigorous testing of migration models and various settlement pattern hypotheses. To address some of these chronological and geographical gaps, we present a …
Precolumbian Settlements on Carriacou, West Indies
The first systematic archaeological investigation of Precolumbian sites on the island of Carriacou in the West Indies provides a rich source of information regarding Amerindian settlement in the southern Caribbean. Herein, we report results from an island-wide survey and subsequent excavation at two large village sites—Grand Bay and Sabazan—that provide evidence for an intensive late Ceramic Age occupation dating between CAL. A.D. 400–1200. Resul…
The Beasts At Large – Perennial Questions and New Paradigms for Caribbean Translocation Research. Part II: Mammalian Introductions in Cultural Context
Looking to clarify outstanding questions about human-animal dynamics in the pre-Columbian Caribbean, archaeologists have recently renewed investigation into the sociocultural context of mammal translocations to the islands. In this second instalment of a three-article series, I examine Amerindian ethnophoresy, that is, the process of anthropogenic species dispersal and its associated cultural practices, drawing on archaeological, ethnographic, an…
Petrographic analysis of Pre-Columbian pottery from Nevis, Eastern Caribbean
A Simple Method for Quantifying Compositional Correspondence Between Zooarchaeological Assemblages Using Paired Similarity Indices
The Zooarchaeology of Islands: Towards Synergy and Synthesis
In recent years much ink has been spilled debating the role, nature, and legitimacy of island archaeology as a subdiscipline within archaeology. No matter how islands and their archaeology are viewed, however, there can be no doubt that zooarchaeological studies of islands have gained increasing prominence in our efforts to understand human lifeways in these settings. Here we discuss current trends in island zooarchaeology and examine some of the…
Advancing the Study of Amerindian Ecodynamics in the Caribbean: Current Perspectives
Worldwide, archaeological research is increasingly demonstrating the antiquity and complexity of interactions between human groups and the environment. In the Caribbean, this complexity is undersco
No Pig Atoll: Island Biogeography and the Extirpation of a Polynesian Domesticate
The significance of the domestic pig, Sus scrofa, to prehistoric Polynesians is hinted at by its inclusion among the species that they transported with them as they colonized Oceania. However, archaeological data reveal a pattern of pig distribution far more extensive in prehistory than at historic contact. Domestic mammal extirpation is a phenomenon apparently unique to prehistoric Polynesia. Although well recognized, the local extinction of dom…
The Zooarchaeology of Islands: Towards Synergy and Synthesis
In recent years much ink has been spilled debating the role, nature, and legitimacy of island archaeology as a subdiscipline within archaeology. No matter how islands and their archaeology are viewed, however, there can be no doubt that zooarchaeological studies of islands have gained increasing prominence in our efforts to understand human lifeways in these settings. Here we discuss current trends in island zooarchaeology and examine some of the…
Precolumbian Settlements on Carriacou, West Indies
The first systematic archaeological investigation of Precolumbian sites on the island of Carriacou in the West Indies provides a rich source of information regarding Amerindian settlement in the southern Caribbean. Herein, we report results from an island-wide survey and subsequent excavation at two large village sites—Grand Bay and Sabazan—that provide evidence for an intensive late Ceramic Age occupation dating between CAL. A.D. 400–1200. Resul…
The shell game: Analytic problems in archaeological mollusc quantification
Evidence for size increase in an exploited mollusc: Humped conch (Strombus gibberulus) at Chelechol ra Orrak, Palau from ca. 3000–0 BP
New Radiocarbon Dates for the Grenadine Islands (West Indies)
Intensified archaeological research in the Caribbean over the past 2 decades has provided a wealth of new information on how and when these islands were settled prehistorically. However, there has been a paucity of research on islands in the southern Lesser Antilles, which would allow for more rigorous testing of migration models and various settlement pattern hypotheses. To address some of these chronological and geographical gaps, we present a …
Temporal trends in prehistoric fishing in Palau, Micronesia over the last 1500 years
Previous research at the Chelechol ra Orrak site in Palau, Micronesia suggested that fishing may have declined prehistorically over the past two thousand years. Here we discuss the analysis of an additional suite of archaeofish remains recovered from the site that significantly expands the size of the previous assemblage, providing a more robust interpretation of prehistoric fishing in the archipelago. Results indicate that although all phases of…
Intensifying collection and size increase of the tessellated nerite snail (Nerita tessellata) at the Coconut Walk site, Nevis, northern Lesser Antilles, AD 890–1440
Prehistoric migration in the Caribbean: Past perspectives, new models and the ideal free distribution of West Indian colonization
Historically, archaeologists have pursued two basic approaches to prehistoric Caribbean colonization: those relying on historical narratives and those informed by theoretical modelling. With few exceptions, the latter have not been widely employed. Here, we introduce a behavioural ecology model used in Pacific archaeology, the ideal free distribution (IFD), to understand Caribbean migration and island settlement as a form of adaptive behaviour. W…
Prey body size and anthropogenic resource depression: The decline of prehistoric fishing at Chelechol ra Orrak, Palau
Pre-Columbian Amerindian Lifeways at the Sabazan Site, Carriacou, West Indies
Recent excavations at the Ceramic Age village site of Sabazan on Carriacou, Grenada, indicate long-term occupation spanning AD 400 to 1400. One of the earliest settlements in the Grenadines Archipelago, Sabazan's chronology corroborates late Saladoid colonization of the region with the timing of major developments at this location supported by a robust chronology of 26 radiocarbon assays. Investigation of deep, stratified midden deposits yielded …
Though She Be But Little: Resource Resilience, Amerindian Foraging, and Long-Term Adaptive Strategies in the Grenadines, West Indies
Because small islands are frequently associated with spatially heterogeneous, biodiverse marine environments that readily exceed the productive capacity of their associated terrestrial habitat, it has been argued that these were attractive settlement locations for people due to the rich aquatic resource base they provided. I examine this proposition for the small West Indian island of Carriacou (32 km2), situated in the Grenadines micro-archipela…
Sr and Pb isotopic investigation of mammal introductions: Pre-Columbian zoogeographic records from the Lesser Antilles, West Indies
The Beasts at Large – Perennial Questions and New Paradigms for Caribbean Translocation Research. Part I: Ethnozoogeography of Mammals
While researchers have long appreciated that mammal introductions were an important aspect of Amerindian-environment interaction in the prehistoric Caribbean, persistent questions about dispersal routes, animal management practices, possible domestication, and ritual use remain unresolved. In this three-article series, offered as a model approach for prehistoric translocation studies, I review the present state of knowledge on pre-Columbian Carib…
Continental Connections and Insular Distributions: Deer Bone Artifacts of the Precolumbian West Indies—a Review and Synthesis With New Records
The remains of non-native deer (Cervidae) have been sparsely recorded in Amerindian archaeological sites of the West Indies, but evidence indicates the presence of at least two genera, white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus ) and brocket deer ( Mazama ), during the precolumbian era known as the Ceramic Age (ca. 500 BC–AD 1500). Due to underreporting of finds and lack of regional integration of existing records, however, the West Indian distribution of ce…
Reconstructing prehistoric fishing zones in Palau, Micronesia using fish remains: A blind test of inter‐analyst correspondence
Archaeologists routinely reconstruct the types of marine environments fished by past human societies in order to understand economic systems, foraging behaviour, maritime technology and seafaring abilities. These reconstructions are based on ecological data provided by archaeofish identifications, but can be problematic where coarse‐grained designations, such as inshore or pelagic, are used, or the influence of fish behaviour and life history tra…
Advancing the Study of Amerindian Ecodynamics in the Caribbean: Current Perspectives
Worldwide, archaeological research is increasingly demonstrating the antiquity and complexity of interactions between human groups and the environment. In the Caribbean, this complexity is undersco
The Beasts At Large – Perennial Questions and New Paradigms for Caribbean Translocation Research. Part II: Mammalian Introductions in Cultural Context
Looking to clarify outstanding questions about human-animal dynamics in the pre-Columbian Caribbean, archaeologists have recently renewed investigation into the sociocultural context of mammal translocations to the islands. In this second instalment of a three-article series, I examine Amerindian ethnophoresy, that is, the process of anthropogenic species dispersal and its associated cultural practices, drawing on archaeological, ethnographic, an…
The Carriacou Ecodynamics Archaeology Project: First Results of Geophysical Survey and Landscape Archaeology at the Sabazan Site, The Grenadines
The Caribbean island of Carriacou is notable for its recurrent drought, paucity of large, native land animals, and well-developed bank and barrier reef system. These environmental conditions presented challenges and opportunities to the Amerindians, Europeans, and enslaved Africans who settled here through time. While available evidence suggests human presence has altered island ecology through agriculture, deforestation, erosion, species introdu…
An Islandscape IFD: Using the Ideal Free Distribution to Predict Pre-Columbian Settlements from Grenada to St. Vincent, Eastern Caribbean
This study employs an ideal free distribution (IFD) model to conduct a fine-grained analysis of environmental factors affecting the pre-Columbian colonisation sequence and settlement patterning in the southern Lesser Antilles of the Eastern Caribbean. We compiled a database of all known archaeological site locations and associated chronological data from St. Vincent, the Grenadines, and Grenada, and vetted this dataset for accuracy. We then perfo…
A systematic review of agouti (Dasyproctidae: (Dasyprocta ) records from the pre‐1492 Lesser Antilles: New perspectives on an introduced commensal
The agouti ( Dasyprocta sp.), a medium‐sized neotropical rodent, was introduced by indigenous peoples to the Caribbean islands over a millennium ago and is recorded at archeological sites throughout the Lesser Antilles and southern Caribbean. Like many commensal fauna, these mammals are valuable proxies for deciphering ancient human practices and mobility. However, unsystematic reporting and ambiguous data hinder determination of the agouti's tim…
Petrographic analysis of Pre-Columbian pottery from Nevis, Eastern Caribbean
A Simple Method for Quantifying Compositional Correspondence Between Zooarchaeological Assemblages Using Paired Similarity Indices
Collagen fingerprinting of Caribbean archaeological fish bones: Methodological implications for historical fisheries baselines and anthropogenic change
Radiocarbon dates from Curaçao’s oldest Archaic site extend earliest island settlement to ca. 5700 cal BP
Due to its proximity to coastal South America and settlement during the early phase of insular Caribbean occupation, Curaçao's archaeological record offers potential evidence for early overwater exploration and regional interaction. Here, we report new accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dates on charcoal from C-1426 at Saliña Sint Marie, an Archaic rockshelter site that extends Curaçao's occupation back to 5735–5600 cal BP, some 290–850 years ea…
Geography (24 works) · Archaeology (21 works) · Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies (21 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (20 works) · Biology (18 works) · Ecology (18 works) · Geology (7 works) · Ethnology (6 works) · Habitat (6 works) · History (6 works)