William A Stock
Biographic Data
| ID | 159346 |
|---|---|
| NAME | William A Stock |
| GIVEN NAMES | William A |
| FAMILY NAME | Stock |
| SIGNATURE | STOCK W A |
| AFFILIATIONS | Arizona State University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 24 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 143 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 24 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1980 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2009 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Race and Subjective Well-Being in Adulthood
Meta-analytic techniques were used to synthesize findings on black-white differences in subjective well-being among noninstitutionalized adults. The dependent variable was zero-order estimates of the race/subjective well-being relation. Predictors were a composite of quality of study ratings, age midrange, and year of publication. We found that race is related to subjective well-being, with whites reporting slightly higher levels of subjective we…
The Age and Context of Acquisition of Euskera and Castilian: A Matter of the Bilingual Education and Politics of the Basque Language
In the Basque region of Spain, there are no monolingual speakers of Euskera, the native Basque language. Furthermore, during the Franco years, it was a policy of the Spanish government to actively discourage use of Euskera (and other languages such as Gallego and Catalan). To counteract the effects of these influences, the government of the Basque region (hereafter referred to by its official name, the Basque Autonomous Community) has fostered a …
How Cognitive Maps are Learned and Remembered
This paper draws on research from geography and psychology to explain how people learn and remember both reference and thematic maps. The review describes how prior knowledge about maps interacts with task demands to produce mental representations that satisfy the constraints of the human information processing system. The paper then examines research that has used maps to assist people in answering questions about “What happened there” and concl…
"Thematic Maps and Text / an Analysis of "What Happened There
Undergraduates studied a map of Ceylon which contained one of three theme distributions. Following map study, percipients read a text containing facts related to the theme distributions. People correctly recalled significantly more theme-related facts from the text, and were able to draw more inferences related to the particular theme they had studied. The results were interpreted in terms of a dual coding model, where structural information enco…
Cartographic Experience And Thinking Aloud About Thematic Maps
High school students and college geography majors studied a thematic map titled the Ancient Mayan World. During the 15-minute study period subjects produced 'think aloud' data by describing the processes they used to encode the map. An analysis of the verbal protocols yielded no important differences due to sex of subject or instructions to learn the map. Cartographically experienced college subjects tended to emphasize theme information rather t…
Response Feedback, Certitude and Learning From Text
S ummary . Based upon the premise that persons modify their study behaviours in order to maintain their certainty of responding correctly, a study was conducted with 40 undergraduate volunteers examining the effects of different presentation rates and feedback context on response confidence and correct responding. Significant effects in the anticipated direction were found for presentation rate but not for the context of feedback
Feedback in written instruction: The place of response certitude
Reporting primary data in scientific articles: Technical solutions to a perennial problem
Reporting primary data in scientific articles: Technical solutions to a perennial problem
Positive and negative affect: A maximum-likelihood approach
The construct validity of subjective well-being measures: An assessment via quantitative research syntheses
The construct validity of subjective well-being was assessed by quantitative research syntheses of U.S. studies of the correlates of subjective well-being appearing before 1980. The classes of evidence examined in this article include reports of reliability, estimates of correlation between different measures of subjective well-being, and estimates of correlation between measures of subjective well-being and measures of other constructs (adjustme…
Religion and Subjective Well-Being in Adulthood: A Quantitative Synthesis
Marital Status and Subjective Well-Being: A Research Synthesis
Marilyn Haring-Hidore, William A. Stock, Morris A. Okun, Robert A. Witter, Marital Status and Subjective Well-Being: A Research Synthesis, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 47, No. 4 (Nov., 1985), pp. 947-953
A structural model of subjective well-being: A comparison of ethnicity
Health and Subjective Well-Being: A Meta-Analyis
A meta-analysis was conducted of the health/subjective well-being relationship, based upon studies of United States adults published prior to 1980. Dependent variables were zero-order and first-order correlations. A total of 231 zero-order effect size estimates were extracted from 104 different sources, while a total of 189 first-order effect sizes were extracted from thirty-three different sources. The majority of effect sizes were derived from …
Education and Subjective Well-Being: A Meta-Analysis
The influence of serious personal losses or misfortunes on life satisfaction
Most of the research examining the link between life events and adaptation has focused on psychological distress and illness. The present study investigated the influence of serious personal loss or misfortune on life satisfaction. A secondary data analysis was conducted on a subsample of 375 adults obtained from 9,570 respondents to health risk appraisal questionnaires collected in 12 cities across the United States. A significant inverse relati…
A Research Synthesis of Gender and Social Class as Correlates of Subjective Well-Being
Meta-analytic techniques were used to synthesize findings from the extant empirical literature on gender and social class as predictors of subjective well-being among U.S. adults. Based upon Rubin's (1979) research, we tested a family of hypotheses that gender, relative to social class, accounted for more variation in subjective well-being. Examination of zero-order and first-order effect sizes revealed that men have slightly higher subjective we…
Locus of Control and Depth of Processing in Children
A children's locus of control (LOC) measure was administered to 153 sixth-grade students who were subsequently assigned to one of four processing conditions. Groups were instructed to encode a word list semantically, acoustically, orthographically, or any way the S wished and to retain them for a later recognition test. Criterion variables included total number of words correctly recognized as well as four varieties of distractor choices. Support…
The Effects of Class Size: An Examination of Rival Hypotheses
There has recently been a great deal of interest in the use of meta-analysis to integrate research findings. Glass and Smith used meta-analytic techniques to describe the relationship between class size and academic achievement or classroom processes. The statistical methods used by Glass and Smith are open to criticism on several grounds. The present paper reports the results of reanalyses using statistical methods that can be rigorously justifi…
Rigor in Data Synthesis: A Case Study of Reliability in Meta-analysis
The subject of this study was the reliability among persons coding information from primary research sources for use in a metaanalysis. Meta-analysis is a quantitative procedure for synthesizing data in primary research reports (Glass, 1976; 1977). As such, it is one of a number of quantitative procedures proposed as alternatives to the traditional, verbal review of literature. This study rests on the assumption that meta-analysis in particular, …
Graduate Record Examination and Miller Analogies Test Scores: Examining Four Methods of Equivalencing
MAT and GRE scores were equated by regression, conditional mean, linear and equipercentile methods using data from a sample that had taken both tests. The regression and linear methods were preferred, and shown to be equivalent when the correlation between scales is perfect. The choice between the two rests on the decision to include or not include the correlation in the equation
A Coefficient Alpha Program Allowing Stepwise Item Deletion
This paper describes a FORTRAN V program which computes coefficient alpha and related statistics. The program has been operating at Arizona State University since August 1976. Input can be raw scores (with or without an answer key) or a variance-covariance matrix. Test items may be deleted and coefficient alpha may be computed after each deletion or after all deletions. Item means and standard deviations, average interitem correlations, and alpha…
Risk taking through the adult life span
Research on aging in general and on cautiousness in adulthood in particular has been plagued by several problems including (a) drawing of samples from the extremes of the adult age range; (b) relying on single criterion variables; and (c) paucity of data on the psychometric properties of scales. In the present study, three measures of risk taking were administered to a sample ranging from 18-78 years old. Reliability estimates indicated that the …
Religion and Subjective Well-Being in Adulthood: A Quantitative Synthesis
A Research Synthesis of Gender and Social Class as Correlates of Subjective Well-Being
Meta-analytic techniques were used to synthesize findings from the extant empirical literature on gender and social class as predictors of subjective well-being among U.S. adults. Based upon Rubin's (1979) research, we tested a family of hypotheses that gender, relative to social class, accounted for more variation in subjective well-being. Examination of zero-order and first-order effect sizes revealed that men have slightly higher subjective we…
Marital Status and Subjective Well-Being: A Research Synthesis
Marilyn Haring-Hidore, William A. Stock, Morris A. Okun, Robert A. Witter, Marital Status and Subjective Well-Being: A Research Synthesis, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 47, No. 4 (Nov., 1985), pp. 947-953
Rigor in Data Synthesis: A Case Study of Reliability in Meta-analysis
The subject of this study was the reliability among persons coding information from primary research sources for use in a metaanalysis. Meta-analysis is a quantitative procedure for synthesizing data in primary research reports (Glass, 1976; 1977). As such, it is one of a number of quantitative procedures proposed as alternatives to the traditional, verbal review of literature. This study rests on the assumption that meta-analysis in particular, …
The Effects of Class Size: An Examination of Rival Hypotheses
There has recently been a great deal of interest in the use of meta-analysis to integrate research findings. Glass and Smith used meta-analytic techniques to describe the relationship between class size and academic achievement or classroom processes. The statistical methods used by Glass and Smith are open to criticism on several grounds. The present paper reports the results of reanalyses using statistical methods that can be rigorously justifi…
A structural model of subjective well-being: A comparison of ethnicity
How Cognitive Maps are Learned and Remembered
This paper draws on research from geography and psychology to explain how people learn and remember both reference and thematic maps. The review describes how prior knowledge about maps interacts with task demands to produce mental representations that satisfy the constraints of the human information processing system. The paper then examines research that has used maps to assist people in answering questions about “What happened there” and concl…
Positive and negative affect: A maximum-likelihood approach
Locus of Control and Depth of Processing in Children
A children's locus of control (LOC) measure was administered to 153 sixth-grade students who were subsequently assigned to one of four processing conditions. Groups were instructed to encode a word list semantically, acoustically, orthographically, or any way the S wished and to retain them for a later recognition test. Criterion variables included total number of words correctly recognized as well as four varieties of distractor choices. Support…
Graduate Record Examination and Miller Analogies Test Scores: Examining Four Methods of Equivalencing
MAT and GRE scores were equated by regression, conditional mean, linear and equipercentile methods using data from a sample that had taken both tests. The regression and linear methods were preferred, and shown to be equivalent when the correlation between scales is perfect. The choice between the two rests on the decision to include or not include the correlation in the equation
A Coefficient Alpha Program Allowing Stepwise Item Deletion
This paper describes a FORTRAN V program which computes coefficient alpha and related statistics. The program has been operating at Arizona State University since August 1976. Input can be raw scores (with or without an answer key) or a variance-covariance matrix. Test items may be deleted and coefficient alpha may be computed after each deletion or after all deletions. Item means and standard deviations, average interitem correlations, and alpha…
Risk taking through the adult life span
Research on aging in general and on cautiousness in adulthood in particular has been plagued by several problems including (a) drawing of samples from the extremes of the adult age range; (b) relying on single criterion variables; and (c) paucity of data on the psychometric properties of scales. In the present study, three measures of risk taking were administered to a sample ranging from 18-78 years old. Reliability estimates indicated that the …
Rigor in Data Synthesis: A Case Study of Reliability in Meta-analysis
The subject of this study was the reliability among persons coding information from primary research sources for use in a metaanalysis. Meta-analysis is a quantitative procedure for synthesizing data in primary research reports (Glass, 1976; 1977). As such, it is one of a number of quantitative procedures proposed as alternatives to the traditional, verbal review of literature. This study rests on the assumption that meta-analysis in particular, …
Locus of Control and Depth of Processing in Children
A children's locus of control (LOC) measure was administered to 153 sixth-grade students who were subsequently assigned to one of four processing conditions. Groups were instructed to encode a word list semantically, acoustically, orthographically, or any way the S wished and to retain them for a later recognition test. Criterion variables included total number of words correctly recognized as well as four varieties of distractor choices. Support…
The Effects of Class Size: An Examination of Rival Hypotheses
There has recently been a great deal of interest in the use of meta-analysis to integrate research findings. Glass and Smith used meta-analytic techniques to describe the relationship between class size and academic achievement or classroom processes. The statistical methods used by Glass and Smith are open to criticism on several grounds. The present paper reports the results of reanalyses using statistical methods that can be rigorously justifi…
Health and Subjective Well-Being: A Meta-Analyis
A meta-analysis was conducted of the health/subjective well-being relationship, based upon studies of United States adults published prior to 1980. Dependent variables were zero-order and first-order correlations. A total of 231 zero-order effect size estimates were extracted from 104 different sources, while a total of 189 first-order effect sizes were extracted from thirty-three different sources. The majority of effect sizes were derived from …
Education and Subjective Well-Being: A Meta-Analysis
The influence of serious personal losses or misfortunes on life satisfaction
Most of the research examining the link between life events and adaptation has focused on psychological distress and illness. The present study investigated the influence of serious personal loss or misfortune on life satisfaction. A secondary data analysis was conducted on a subsample of 375 adults obtained from 9,570 respondents to health risk appraisal questionnaires collected in 12 cities across the United States. A significant inverse relati…
A Research Synthesis of Gender and Social Class as Correlates of Subjective Well-Being
Meta-analytic techniques were used to synthesize findings from the extant empirical literature on gender and social class as predictors of subjective well-being among U.S. adults. Based upon Rubin's (1979) research, we tested a family of hypotheses that gender, relative to social class, accounted for more variation in subjective well-being. Examination of zero-order and first-order effect sizes revealed that men have slightly higher subjective we…
Religion and Subjective Well-Being in Adulthood: A Quantitative Synthesis
Marital Status and Subjective Well-Being: A Research Synthesis
Marilyn Haring-Hidore, William A. Stock, Morris A. Okun, Robert A. Witter, Marital Status and Subjective Well-Being: A Research Synthesis, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 47, No. 4 (Nov., 1985), pp. 947-953
A structural model of subjective well-being: A comparison of ethnicity
The construct validity of subjective well-being measures: An assessment via quantitative research syntheses
The construct validity of subjective well-being was assessed by quantitative research syntheses of U.S. studies of the correlates of subjective well-being appearing before 1980. The classes of evidence examined in this article include reports of reliability, estimates of correlation between different measures of subjective well-being, and estimates of correlation between measures of subjective well-being and measures of other constructs (adjustme…
Positive and negative affect: A maximum-likelihood approach
Feedback in written instruction: The place of response certitude
Reporting primary data in scientific articles: Technical solutions to a perennial problem
Reporting primary data in scientific articles: Technical solutions to a perennial problem
Response Feedback, Certitude and Learning From Text
S ummary . Based upon the premise that persons modify their study behaviours in order to maintain their certainty of responding correctly, a study was conducted with 40 undergraduate volunteers examining the effects of different presentation rates and feedback context on response confidence and correct responding. Significant effects in the anticipated direction were found for presentation rate but not for the context of feedback
Cartographic Experience And Thinking Aloud About Thematic Maps
High school students and college geography majors studied a thematic map titled the Ancient Mayan World. During the 15-minute study period subjects produced 'think aloud' data by describing the processes they used to encode the map. An analysis of the verbal protocols yielded no important differences due to sex of subject or instructions to learn the map. Cartographically experienced college subjects tended to emphasize theme information rather t…
"Thematic Maps and Text / an Analysis of "What Happened There
Undergraduates studied a map of Ceylon which contained one of three theme distributions. Following map study, percipients read a text containing facts related to the theme distributions. People correctly recalled significantly more theme-related facts from the text, and were able to draw more inferences related to the particular theme they had studied. The results were interpreted in terms of a dual coding model, where structural information enco…
The Age and Context of Acquisition of Euskera and Castilian: A Matter of the Bilingual Education and Politics of the Basque Language
In the Basque region of Spain, there are no monolingual speakers of Euskera, the native Basque language. Furthermore, during the Franco years, it was a policy of the Spanish government to actively discourage use of Euskera (and other languages such as Gallego and Catalan). To counteract the effects of these influences, the government of the Basque region (hereafter referred to by its official name, the Basque Autonomous Community) has fostered a …
How Cognitive Maps are Learned and Remembered
This paper draws on research from geography and psychology to explain how people learn and remember both reference and thematic maps. The review describes how prior knowledge about maps interacts with task demands to produce mental representations that satisfy the constraints of the human information processing system. The paper then examines research that has used maps to assist people in answering questions about “What happened there” and concl…
Race and Subjective Well-Being in Adulthood
Meta-analytic techniques were used to synthesize findings on black-white differences in subjective well-being among noninstitutionalized adults. The dependent variable was zero-order estimates of the race/subjective well-being relation. Predictors were a composite of quality of study ratings, age midrange, and year of publication. We found that race is related to subjective well-being, with whites reporting slightly higher levels of subjective we…
Psychology (20 works) · Computer Science (11 works) · Mathematics (9 works) · Social Psychology (8 works) · Statistics (8 works) · Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction (7 works) · Sociology (7 works) · Medicine (6 works) · Demography (5 works) · Cartography (4 works)