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Kay S Varela

Biographic Data

ID163581
NAMEKay S Varela
GIVEN NAMESKay S
FAMILY NAMEVarela
SIGNATUREVARELA K S
AFFILIATIONSTexas A&M University
VERIFIEDNo
TOTAL WORKS8
TOTAL CITATIONS24
AUTHOR COUNT8
EDITOR COUNT0
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR2018
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2025
H-INDEX3
  • The Racialized Control of Latinx Immigrant Students

    Jennifer M Bondy, Kay S Varela et al.•ARTICLE•Theory Into Practice•2025•Cited by: 3•References: 33

  • This is Part of my Final Grade”: A LatCrit Critique of Prison Tours as Pedagogical Tools in Criminal Justice Education

    Kay S Varela•ARTICLE•Journal of Criminal Justice…•2023

    The proliferation of criminal justice programs brings new pedagogical challenges for educators who look for innovative ways to help students build lasting connections between theory, research, and practice. Prison tours are a well-known experiential learning practice in criminal justice courses. Educators have emphasized the benefits of using prison tours in providing students with first-hand knowledge of the criminal justice system, but critics …

  • Punishment and Racial Segregation of Schools: Against Racial Threat and Toward a Racial Control Perspective

    Open Access•K Irwin, Kay S Varela et al.•ARTICLE•Critical Criminology•2022•Cited by: 4•References: 52

  • School Punishment and Education: Racial/Ethnic Disparities With Grade Retention and the Role of Urbanicity

    Open Access•Anthony A Peguero, Kay S Varela et al.•ARTICLE•Urban Education•2021•Cited by: 3•References: 53

    There are racial/ethnic disparities associated with school punishment practices and academic progress. In addition, research suggests that urban schools have stricter school punishment practices and higher grade retention rates. What remains unknown, however, is the relationship between race/ethnicity, school punishment practices, and retention rates across urban, rural, and suburban schools. Thus, this study draws from the Texas Education Agency…

  • School procedural justice and being pushed out: Examining the Intersection of Sex and Race/Ethnicity

    Kay S Varela, Sanna King et al.•ARTICLE•Sociological Spectrum•2020•Cited by: 4•References: 33

    There is a growing body of research that explores how school punishment practices are disrupting educational progress. It is also known that educational success and failure are linked to sex and racial/ethnic inequalities. What remains less known is how school punishment and student perceptions of just and fair punishment practices are related to sex and racial/ethnic disparities, specifically with the likelihood of being pushed out. This study u…

  • Organizational change and the chief diversity officer: A case study of institutionalizing a diversity plan

    Christine A Stanley, Karan Watson et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Diversity in Higher…•2018•Cited by: 6•References: 2

  • Too Strict or Too Lenient: Examining The Role of School Strictness With Educational and Juvenile Justice Outcomes

    Anthony A Peguero, Miner P Marchbanks et al.•ARTICLE•Sociological Spectrum•2018•Cited by: 1•References: 11

    Although there is research exploring how school punishment practices are influencing academic and juvenile justice outcomes, how strict or lenient school punishment practices are related to aspects of education such as grade retention and dropping out, as well as juvenile justice contact, remains unknown. This study draws from the Texas Education Agency’s Public Education Information Management System to investigate the relationship between stric…

  • School Strictness and Education: Investigating Racial and Ethnic Educational Inequalities Associated with Being Pushed Out

    Open Access•Kay S Varela, Anthony A Peguero et al.•ARTICLE•Sociology of Race and Ethnicity•2018•Cited by: 3•References: 34

    There are racial and ethnic disparities associated with school discipline practices and pushout rates. In addition, research suggests that urban schools have stricter school discipline practices and higher pushout rates. What remains unknown, however, is the relationship between racial and ethnic inequality, school discipline practices, and pushout rates across urban, rural, and suburban schools. Therefore, this study draws from the Texas Educati…

  • Organizational change and the chief diversity officer: A case study of institutionalizing a diversity plan

    Christine A Stanley, Karan Watson et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Diversity in Higher…•2018•Cited by: 6•References: 2

  • Punishment and Racial Segregation of Schools: Against Racial Threat and Toward a Racial Control Perspective

    Open Access•K Irwin, Kay S Varela et al.•ARTICLE•Critical Criminology•2022•Cited by: 4•References: 52

  • School procedural justice and being pushed out: Examining the Intersection of Sex and Race/Ethnicity

    Kay S Varela, Sanna King et al.•ARTICLE•Sociological Spectrum•2020•Cited by: 4•References: 33

    There is a growing body of research that explores how school punishment practices are disrupting educational progress. It is also known that educational success and failure are linked to sex and racial/ethnic inequalities. What remains less known is how school punishment and student perceptions of just and fair punishment practices are related to sex and racial/ethnic disparities, specifically with the likelihood of being pushed out. This study u…

  • The Racialized Control of Latinx Immigrant Students

    Jennifer M Bondy, Kay S Varela et al.•ARTICLE•Theory Into Practice•2025•Cited by: 3•References: 33

  • School Punishment and Education: Racial/Ethnic Disparities With Grade Retention and the Role of Urbanicity

    Open Access•Anthony A Peguero, Kay S Varela et al.•ARTICLE•Urban Education•2021•Cited by: 3•References: 53

    There are racial/ethnic disparities associated with school punishment practices and academic progress. In addition, research suggests that urban schools have stricter school punishment practices and higher grade retention rates. What remains unknown, however, is the relationship between race/ethnicity, school punishment practices, and retention rates across urban, rural, and suburban schools. Thus, this study draws from the Texas Education Agency…

  • School Strictness and Education: Investigating Racial and Ethnic Educational Inequalities Associated with Being Pushed Out

    Open Access•Kay S Varela, Anthony A Peguero et al.•ARTICLE•Sociology of Race and Ethnicity•2018•Cited by: 3•References: 34

    There are racial and ethnic disparities associated with school discipline practices and pushout rates. In addition, research suggests that urban schools have stricter school discipline practices and higher pushout rates. What remains unknown, however, is the relationship between racial and ethnic inequality, school discipline practices, and pushout rates across urban, rural, and suburban schools. Therefore, this study draws from the Texas Educati…

  • Too Strict or Too Lenient: Examining The Role of School Strictness With Educational and Juvenile Justice Outcomes

    Anthony A Peguero, Miner P Marchbanks et al.•ARTICLE•Sociological Spectrum•2018•Cited by: 1•References: 11

    Although there is research exploring how school punishment practices are influencing academic and juvenile justice outcomes, how strict or lenient school punishment practices are related to aspects of education such as grade retention and dropping out, as well as juvenile justice contact, remains unknown. This study draws from the Texas Education Agency’s Public Education Information Management System to investigate the relationship between stric…

  • Organizational change and the chief diversity officer: A case study of institutionalizing a diversity plan

    Christine A Stanley, Karan Watson et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Diversity in Higher…•2018•Cited by: 6•References: 2

  • Too Strict or Too Lenient: Examining The Role of School Strictness With Educational and Juvenile Justice Outcomes

    Anthony A Peguero, Miner P Marchbanks et al.•ARTICLE•Sociological Spectrum•2018•Cited by: 1•References: 11

    Although there is research exploring how school punishment practices are influencing academic and juvenile justice outcomes, how strict or lenient school punishment practices are related to aspects of education such as grade retention and dropping out, as well as juvenile justice contact, remains unknown. This study draws from the Texas Education Agency’s Public Education Information Management System to investigate the relationship between stric…

  • School Strictness and Education: Investigating Racial and Ethnic Educational Inequalities Associated with Being Pushed Out

    Open Access•Kay S Varela, Anthony A Peguero et al.•ARTICLE•Sociology of Race and Ethnicity•2018•Cited by: 3•References: 34

    There are racial and ethnic disparities associated with school discipline practices and pushout rates. In addition, research suggests that urban schools have stricter school discipline practices and higher pushout rates. What remains unknown, however, is the relationship between racial and ethnic inequality, school discipline practices, and pushout rates across urban, rural, and suburban schools. Therefore, this study draws from the Texas Educati…

  • School procedural justice and being pushed out: Examining the Intersection of Sex and Race/Ethnicity

    Kay S Varela, Sanna King et al.•ARTICLE•Sociological Spectrum•2020•Cited by: 4•References: 33

    There is a growing body of research that explores how school punishment practices are disrupting educational progress. It is also known that educational success and failure are linked to sex and racial/ethnic inequalities. What remains less known is how school punishment and student perceptions of just and fair punishment practices are related to sex and racial/ethnic disparities, specifically with the likelihood of being pushed out. This study u…

  • School Punishment and Education: Racial/Ethnic Disparities With Grade Retention and the Role of Urbanicity

    Open Access•Anthony A Peguero, Kay S Varela et al.•ARTICLE•Urban Education•2021•Cited by: 3•References: 53

    There are racial/ethnic disparities associated with school punishment practices and academic progress. In addition, research suggests that urban schools have stricter school punishment practices and higher grade retention rates. What remains unknown, however, is the relationship between race/ethnicity, school punishment practices, and retention rates across urban, rural, and suburban schools. Thus, this study draws from the Texas Education Agency…

  • Punishment and Racial Segregation of Schools: Against Racial Threat and Toward a Racial Control Perspective

    Open Access•K Irwin, Kay S Varela et al.•ARTICLE•Critical Criminology•2022•Cited by: 4•References: 52

  • This is Part of my Final Grade”: A LatCrit Critique of Prison Tours as Pedagogical Tools in Criminal Justice Education

    Kay S Varela•ARTICLE•Journal of Criminal Justice…•2023

    The proliferation of criminal justice programs brings new pedagogical challenges for educators who look for innovative ways to help students build lasting connections between theory, research, and practice. Prison tours are a well-known experiential learning practice in criminal justice courses. Educators have emphasized the benefits of using prison tours in providing students with first-hand knowledge of the criminal justice system, but critics …

  • The Racialized Control of Latinx Immigrant Students

    Jennifer M Bondy, Kay S Varela et al.•ARTICLE•Theory Into Practice•2025•Cited by: 3•References: 33

Sociology (8 works) · Criminology (6 works) · Political science (6 works) · Psychology (6 works) · Education Discipline and Inequality (5 works) · Gender Studies (5 works) · Social Psychology (4 works) · Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression (3 works) · Critical Race Theory in Education (3 works) · Economic Justice (3 works)

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