Patrick Maher
Biographic Data
| ID | 165067 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Patrick Maher |
| GIVEN NAMES | Patrick |
| FAMILY NAME | Maher |
| SIGNATURE | MAHER P |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5059-1062 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 28 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 138 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 28 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1990 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Emerging themes and reflections from the 10th International Outdoor Education Research Conference, Japan
The International Outdoor Education Research Conference (IOERC) series connects outdoor educators across the globe and continues to progress in impact and reach. This paper aims to summarise key insights from the 10th IOERC and foster continued growth and collaboration with international outdoor education authors. IOERC 10 brought together 187 delegates from 24 countries, with 138 abstracts received from 19 countries. The themes emerged as (A-Z):…
Future-proofing nature-based tourism in Canada: A horizon scan of emerging challenges
Global climate change, biodiversity loss, health crises, and economic instability converge to form a polycrisis that challenges the sustainable planning, management, and operations of parks, protected, and conserved areas (PPCAs) for biodiversity conservation and nature-based tourism (NBT). Utilising a horizon scan methodology for the first time in the tourism field, this paper engaged experts across Canada to identify and critically examine the …
Arctic Tourism in Times of Change
This report was originally published as: Jóhannesson, G.T., Welling, J., Müller, D.K., Lundmark, L., Nilsson, R.O., de la Barre, S., Granås, B., Kvidal-Røvik, T., Rantala, O., Tervo-Kankare,K., & Maher, P. (2022). Arctic tourism in times of change: Uncertain futures - from overtourism to re-starting tourism. Nordic Council of Ministers. DOI: 10.6027/temanord2022-516
Evaluating the impact of a youth polar expedition alumni programme on post-trip pro-environmental behaviour: A community-engaged research approach
Youth-based programmes providing education-based expeditions to the Polar Regions have been offered for more than two decades, and whilst studies hint that participants return as inspired and empowered ambassadors, research to date has been inconclusive as to what impact such expeditions have had on their participants’ subsequent lifestyle decisions and pro-environmental behaviours. To address this research gap, Social Identity Theory (SIT) was u…
Arctic tourism research: Emerging scholars are moving the network forward
Arctic tourism research: emerging scholars are moving the network forward This issue of the Journal of Tourism Futures most definitely gazes to the future. It represents a proceedings of sorts, for the most recent conference of the International Polar Tourism Research Network (IPTRN), held in Whitehorse/Dawson City, Yukon, Canada in June 2018. However, it also represents a "changing of the guard" in that many of the articles are written by emergi…
Arctic tourism in times of change: Seasonality
This report was originally published as: Rantala, O., de la Barre, S., Granås,B., Jóhannesson, G.Þ., Müller, D.K., Saarinen, J., Tervo-Kankare, K., Maher, P.T., & Niskala, M. (2019). Arctic tourism in times of change: Seasonality. Nordic Council of Ministers. DOI: 10.6027/TN2019-528
Preservation amenity, research laboratory, or mineral reserve? International perspectives on the values of Antarctica
Inspired by notions of interest of humankind and intergenerational equity, we explored Antarctic perceptions of a subset of future generations—university students. Students at three universities in Canada, the Netherlands, and the USA were surveyed to determine the relationships between nationality, academic major, opinions on values of Antarctica, and support for a range of human activities in Antarctica ( n = 618). Logistic regression was used …
Mountaineering Tourism
Reviewed: Mountaineering Tourism Edited by Ghazali Musa, James Higham, and Anna Thompson-Carr. Abingdon, United Kingdom: Routledge, 2015. xxvi + 358 pp. Hardcover. US$ 145.00. ISBN 978-1-138-78237-2
Exploring post-course outcomes of an undergraduate tourism field trip to the Antarctic Peninsula
A small number of educational programmes for university students include field experience in Antarctica. These programmes contain a range of educational objectives, approaches and academic assessment related to the field component and the intended on-site learning for students. However, it is possible that the on-site experiences of students in these programmes have an influence on later decisions and behaviour beyond the course itself in the yea…
Northern exposure: Opportunities and challenges for tourism development in Torngat Mountains National Park, Labrador, Canada
Torngat Mountains National Park (TMNP) is Canada's newest national park, and was established in 2005. The development of the park has mirrored a change in mandate for the agency that manages it, Parks Canada. Since 2005 Parks Canada has sought to focus on ‘proactively facilitate[ing] opportunities for meaningful and memorable visitor experiences’, complimentary to maintaining the protection of ecological integrity and providing education (Parks C…
The Horizontal Everest: Extreme Journeys on Ellesmere Island, by Jerry Kobalenko
Bayesian probability
Last-chance tourism: The Boom, Doom, and Gloom of Visiting Vanishing Destinations
Popular press and industry stakeholders are reporting a travel trend whereby tourists increasingly seek to experience the world's most endangered sites before they vanish or are irrevocably transformed. Termed 'last-chance' or 'doom' tourism in the popular media, the desire for tourists to witness vanishing landscapes or seascapes and disappearing species may have important consequences for tourism management, yet the nature of these consequences…
Nanuk of the Torngats: Human–Polar Bear Interactions in the Torngat Mountains National Park, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
Visitors to Canada's newest national park, Torngat Mountains National Park (TMNP), currently consist of reporters, researchers, tourists, and local Inuit from both Nunatsiavut in northern Labrador and Nunavik in northern Quebec. The national park features spectacular scenery and several types of charismatic mega-fauna, including caribou, whales, and polar bears. Isolated and difficult to access, the park's current approach to managing human–bear …
Arctic tourism: A complex system of visitors, communities, and environments
This issue of Polar Geography represents a collection of research papers compiled as a result of the 2006 Canadian Association of Geographers (CAG) Annual Meeting in Thunder Bay, Ontario (29 May to
A Conception of Inductive Logic
I conceive of inductive logic as a project of explication. The explicandum is one of the meanings of the word `probability' in ordinary language; I call it inductive probability and argue that it is logical, in a certain sense. The explicatum is a conditional probability function that is specified by stipulative definition. This conception of inductive logic is close to Carnap's, but common objections to Carnapian inductive logic (the probabiliti…
Ecotourism Program Planning
Bayesianism and Irrelevant Conjunction
Bayesian confirmation theory offers an explicatum for a pretheoretic concept of confirmation. The “problem of irrelevant conjunction” for this theory is that, according to some people's intuitions, the pretheoretic concept differs from the explicatum with regard to conjunctions involving irrelevant propositions. Previous Bayesian solutions to this problem consist in showing that irrelevant conjuncts reduce the degree of confirmation; they have th…
Joyce's Argument for Probabilism
James Joyce's ‘Nonpragmatic Vindication of Probabilism’ gives a new argument for the conclusion that a person's credences ought to satisfy the laws of probability. The premises of Joyce's argument include six axioms about what counts as an adequate measure of the distance of a credence function from the truth. This paper shows that (a) Joyce's argument for one of these axioms is invalid, (b) his argument for another axiom has a false premise, (c)…
The Confirmation of Black's Theory of Lime
Inductive Logic and the Ravens Paradox
Hempel's paradox of the ravens arises from the inconsistency of three prima facie plausible principles of confirmation. This paper uses Camapian inductive logic to (a) identify which of the principles is false, (b) give insight into why this principle is false, and (c) identify a true principle that is sufficiently similar to the false one that failure to distinguish the two might explain why the false principle is prima facie plausible. This sol…
Depragmatized Dutch Book Arguments
Recently a number of authors have tried to avoid the failures of traditional Dutch book arguments by separating them from pragmatic concerns of avoiding a sure loss. In this paper I examine defenses of this kind by Howson and Urbach, Hellman, and Christensen. I construct rigorous explications of their arguments and show that they are not cogent. I advocate abandoning Dutch book arguments in favor of a representation theorem
Subjective and Objective Confirmation
Confirmation is commonly identified with positive relevance, E being said to confirm H if and only if E increases the probability of H . Today, analyses of this general kind are usually Bayesian ones that take the relevant probabilities to be subjective. I argue that these subjective Bayesian analyses are irremediably flawed. In their place I propose a relevance analysis that makes confirmation objective and which, I show, avoids the flaws of the…
Framing of decisions under ambiguity
This paper reports three experiments that illustrate framing of decision problems due to Ellsberg (1961) in which probabilities are ambiguous. Although the standard Ellsberg problems often induce violations of Savage's sure‐thing principle, framing of the equivalent problems in a sequential format reduces these violations. Nevertheless, this has an ironic consequence of introducing another inconsistency in the decision makers' choices: An inconsi…
Betting on Theories
This book is a major contribution to decision theory, focusing on the question of when it is rational to accept scientific theories. The author examines both Bayesian decision theory and confirmation theory, refining and elaborating the views of Ramsey and Savage. He argues that the most solid foundation for confirmation theory is to be found in decision theory, and he provides a decision-theoretic derivation of principles for how many probabilit…
Last-chance tourism: The Boom, Doom, and Gloom of Visiting Vanishing Destinations
Popular press and industry stakeholders are reporting a travel trend whereby tourists increasingly seek to experience the world's most endangered sites before they vanish or are irrevocably transformed. Termed 'last-chance' or 'doom' tourism in the popular media, the desire for tourists to witness vanishing landscapes or seascapes and disappearing species may have important consequences for tourism management, yet the nature of these consequences…
Diachronic Rationality
This is an essay in the Bayesian theory of how opinions should be revised over time. It begins with a discussion of the principle that van Fraassen has dubbed “Reflection”. This principle is not a requirement of rationality; a diachronic Dutch argument, that purports to show the contrary, is fallacious. But under suitable conditions, it is irrational to actually implement shifts in probability that violate Reflection. Conditionalization and proba…
Subjective and Objective Confirmation
Confirmation is commonly identified with positive relevance, E being said to confirm H if and only if E increases the probability of H . Today, analyses of this general kind are usually Bayesian ones that take the relevant probabilities to be subjective. I argue that these subjective Bayesian analyses are irremediably flawed. In their place I propose a relevance analysis that makes confirmation objective and which, I show, avoids the flaws of the…
Joyce's Argument for Probabilism
James Joyce's ‘Nonpragmatic Vindication of Probabilism’ gives a new argument for the conclusion that a person's credences ought to satisfy the laws of probability. The premises of Joyce's argument include six axioms about what counts as an adequate measure of the distance of a credence function from the truth. This paper shows that (a) Joyce's argument for one of these axioms is invalid, (b) his argument for another axiom has a false premise, (c)…
Inductive Logic and the Ravens Paradox
Hempel's paradox of the ravens arises from the inconsistency of three prima facie plausible principles of confirmation. This paper uses Camapian inductive logic to (a) identify which of the principles is false, (b) give insight into why this principle is false, and (c) identify a true principle that is sufficiently similar to the false one that failure to distinguish the two might explain why the false principle is prima facie plausible. This sol…
Depragmatized Dutch Book Arguments
Recently a number of authors have tried to avoid the failures of traditional Dutch book arguments by separating them from pragmatic concerns of avoiding a sure loss. In this paper I examine defenses of this kind by Howson and Urbach, Hellman, and Christensen. I construct rigorous explications of their arguments and show that they are not cogent. I advocate abandoning Dutch book arguments in favor of a representation theorem
Why Scientists Gather Evidence
Northern exposure: Opportunities and challenges for tourism development in Torngat Mountains National Park, Labrador, Canada
Torngat Mountains National Park (TMNP) is Canada's newest national park, and was established in 2005. The development of the park has mirrored a change in mandate for the agency that manages it, Parks Canada. Since 2005 Parks Canada has sought to focus on ‘proactively facilitate[ing] opportunities for meaningful and memorable visitor experiences’, complimentary to maintaining the protection of ecological integrity and providing education (Parks C…
Bayesianism and Irrelevant Conjunction
Bayesian confirmation theory offers an explicatum for a pretheoretic concept of confirmation. The “problem of irrelevant conjunction” for this theory is that, according to some people's intuitions, the pretheoretic concept differs from the explicatum with regard to conjunctions involving irrelevant propositions. Previous Bayesian solutions to this problem consist in showing that irrelevant conjuncts reduce the degree of confirmation; they have th…
Symptomatic Acts and the Value of Evidence in Causal Decision Theory
A “symptomatic act” is an act that is evidence for a state that it has no tendency to cause. In this paper I show that when the evidential value of a symptomatic act might influence subsequent choices, causal decision theory may initially recommend against its own use for those subsequent choices. And if one knows that one will nevertheless use causal decision theory to make those subsequent choices, causal decision theory may favor the one-box s…
Exploring post-course outcomes of an undergraduate tourism field trip to the Antarctic Peninsula
A small number of educational programmes for university students include field experience in Antarctica. These programmes contain a range of educational objectives, approaches and academic assessment related to the field component and the intended on-site learning for students. However, it is possible that the on-site experiences of students in these programmes have an influence on later decisions and behaviour beyond the course itself in the yea…
Preservation amenity, research laboratory, or mineral reserve? International perspectives on the values of Antarctica
Inspired by notions of interest of humankind and intergenerational equity, we explored Antarctic perceptions of a subset of future generations—university students. Students at three universities in Canada, the Netherlands, and the USA were surveyed to determine the relationships between nationality, academic major, opinions on values of Antarctica, and support for a range of human activities in Antarctica ( n = 618). Logistic regression was used …
Bayesian probability
Symptomatic Acts and the Value of Evidence in Causal Decision Theory
A “symptomatic act” is an act that is evidence for a state that it has no tendency to cause. In this paper I show that when the evidential value of a symptomatic act might influence subsequent choices, causal decision theory may initially recommend against its own use for those subsequent choices. And if one knows that one will nevertheless use causal decision theory to make those subsequent choices, causal decision theory may favor the one-box s…
Why Scientists Gather Evidence
Diachronic Rationality
This is an essay in the Bayesian theory of how opinions should be revised over time. It begins with a discussion of the principle that van Fraassen has dubbed “Reflection”. This principle is not a requirement of rationality; a diachronic Dutch argument, that purports to show the contrary, is fallacious. But under suitable conditions, it is irrational to actually implement shifts in probability that violate Reflection. Conditionalization and proba…
Betting on Theories
This book is a major contribution to decision theory, focusing on the question of when it is rational to accept scientific theories. The author examines both Bayesian decision theory and confirmation theory, refining and elaborating the views of Ramsey and Savage. He argues that the most solid foundation for confirmation theory is to be found in decision theory, and he provides a decision-theoretic derivation of principles for how many probabilit…
Framing of decisions under ambiguity
This paper reports three experiments that illustrate framing of decision problems due to Ellsberg (1961) in which probabilities are ambiguous. Although the standard Ellsberg problems often induce violations of Savage's sure‐thing principle, framing of the equivalent problems in a sequential format reduces these violations. Nevertheless, this has an ironic consequence of introducing another inconsistency in the decision makers' choices: An inconsi…
Subjective and Objective Confirmation
Confirmation is commonly identified with positive relevance, E being said to confirm H if and only if E increases the probability of H . Today, analyses of this general kind are usually Bayesian ones that take the relevant probabilities to be subjective. I argue that these subjective Bayesian analyses are irremediably flawed. In their place I propose a relevance analysis that makes confirmation objective and which, I show, avoids the flaws of the…
Depragmatized Dutch Book Arguments
Recently a number of authors have tried to avoid the failures of traditional Dutch book arguments by separating them from pragmatic concerns of avoiding a sure loss. In this paper I examine defenses of this kind by Howson and Urbach, Hellman, and Christensen. I construct rigorous explications of their arguments and show that they are not cogent. I advocate abandoning Dutch book arguments in favor of a representation theorem
The Confirmation of Black's Theory of Lime
Inductive Logic and the Ravens Paradox
Hempel's paradox of the ravens arises from the inconsistency of three prima facie plausible principles of confirmation. This paper uses Camapian inductive logic to (a) identify which of the principles is false, (b) give insight into why this principle is false, and (c) identify a true principle that is sufficiently similar to the false one that failure to distinguish the two might explain why the false principle is prima facie plausible. This sol…
Joyce's Argument for Probabilism
James Joyce's ‘Nonpragmatic Vindication of Probabilism’ gives a new argument for the conclusion that a person's credences ought to satisfy the laws of probability. The premises of Joyce's argument include six axioms about what counts as an adequate measure of the distance of a credence function from the truth. This paper shows that (a) Joyce's argument for one of these axioms is invalid, (b) his argument for another axiom has a false premise, (c)…
Ecotourism Program Planning
Bayesianism and Irrelevant Conjunction
Bayesian confirmation theory offers an explicatum for a pretheoretic concept of confirmation. The “problem of irrelevant conjunction” for this theory is that, according to some people's intuitions, the pretheoretic concept differs from the explicatum with regard to conjunctions involving irrelevant propositions. Previous Bayesian solutions to this problem consist in showing that irrelevant conjuncts reduce the degree of confirmation; they have th…
A Conception of Inductive Logic
I conceive of inductive logic as a project of explication. The explicandum is one of the meanings of the word `probability' in ordinary language; I call it inductive probability and argue that it is logical, in a certain sense. The explicatum is a conditional probability function that is specified by stipulative definition. This conception of inductive logic is close to Carnap's, but common objections to Carnapian inductive logic (the probabiliti…
Arctic tourism: A complex system of visitors, communities, and environments
This issue of Polar Geography represents a collection of research papers compiled as a result of the 2006 Canadian Association of Geographers (CAG) Annual Meeting in Thunder Bay, Ontario (29 May to
Nanuk of the Torngats: Human–Polar Bear Interactions in the Torngat Mountains National Park, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
Visitors to Canada's newest national park, Torngat Mountains National Park (TMNP), currently consist of reporters, researchers, tourists, and local Inuit from both Nunatsiavut in northern Labrador and Nunavik in northern Quebec. The national park features spectacular scenery and several types of charismatic mega-fauna, including caribou, whales, and polar bears. Isolated and difficult to access, the park's current approach to managing human–bear …
The Horizontal Everest: Extreme Journeys on Ellesmere Island, by Jerry Kobalenko
Bayesian probability
Last-chance tourism: The Boom, Doom, and Gloom of Visiting Vanishing Destinations
Popular press and industry stakeholders are reporting a travel trend whereby tourists increasingly seek to experience the world's most endangered sites before they vanish or are irrevocably transformed. Termed 'last-chance' or 'doom' tourism in the popular media, the desire for tourists to witness vanishing landscapes or seascapes and disappearing species may have important consequences for tourism management, yet the nature of these consequences…
Northern exposure: Opportunities and challenges for tourism development in Torngat Mountains National Park, Labrador, Canada
Torngat Mountains National Park (TMNP) is Canada's newest national park, and was established in 2005. The development of the park has mirrored a change in mandate for the agency that manages it, Parks Canada. Since 2005 Parks Canada has sought to focus on ‘proactively facilitate[ing] opportunities for meaningful and memorable visitor experiences’, complimentary to maintaining the protection of ecological integrity and providing education (Parks C…
Exploring post-course outcomes of an undergraduate tourism field trip to the Antarctic Peninsula
A small number of educational programmes for university students include field experience in Antarctica. These programmes contain a range of educational objectives, approaches and academic assessment related to the field component and the intended on-site learning for students. However, it is possible that the on-site experiences of students in these programmes have an influence on later decisions and behaviour beyond the course itself in the yea…
Mountaineering Tourism
Reviewed: Mountaineering Tourism Edited by Ghazali Musa, James Higham, and Anna Thompson-Carr. Abingdon, United Kingdom: Routledge, 2015. xxvi + 358 pp. Hardcover. US$ 145.00. ISBN 978-1-138-78237-2
Arctic tourism in times of change: Seasonality
This report was originally published as: Rantala, O., de la Barre, S., Granås,B., Jóhannesson, G.Þ., Müller, D.K., Saarinen, J., Tervo-Kankare, K., Maher, P.T., & Niskala, M. (2019). Arctic tourism in times of change: Seasonality. Nordic Council of Ministers. DOI: 10.6027/TN2019-528
Preservation amenity, research laboratory, or mineral reserve? International perspectives on the values of Antarctica
Inspired by notions of interest of humankind and intergenerational equity, we explored Antarctic perceptions of a subset of future generations—university students. Students at three universities in Canada, the Netherlands, and the USA were surveyed to determine the relationships between nationality, academic major, opinions on values of Antarctica, and support for a range of human activities in Antarctica ( n = 618). Logistic regression was used …
Arctic tourism research: Emerging scholars are moving the network forward
Arctic tourism research: emerging scholars are moving the network forward This issue of the Journal of Tourism Futures most definitely gazes to the future. It represents a proceedings of sorts, for the most recent conference of the International Polar Tourism Research Network (IPTRN), held in Whitehorse/Dawson City, Yukon, Canada in June 2018. However, it also represents a "changing of the guard" in that many of the articles are written by emergi…
Evaluating the impact of a youth polar expedition alumni programme on post-trip pro-environmental behaviour: A community-engaged research approach
Youth-based programmes providing education-based expeditions to the Polar Regions have been offered for more than two decades, and whilst studies hint that participants return as inspired and empowered ambassadors, research to date has been inconclusive as to what impact such expeditions have had on their participants’ subsequent lifestyle decisions and pro-environmental behaviours. To address this research gap, Social Identity Theory (SIT) was u…
Geography (13 works) · Computer Science (12 works) · Epistemology (12 works) · Philosophy (12 works) · Archaeology (11 works) · Mathematics (11 works) · Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics (10 works) · Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research (9 works) · Mathematical economics (9 works) · Philosophy and History of Science (9 works)