Emmanuel M Pothos
Biographic Data
| ID | 1660136 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Emmanuel M Pothos |
| GIVEN NAMES | Emmanuel M |
| FAMILY NAME | Pothos |
| SIGNATURE | POTHOS E M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Swansea University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1919-387X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 20 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 40 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 20 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2000 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
An overview of the quantum cognition research program
Temporal Bell inequalities in cognition
There is widespread evidence that human memory is constructive, so that recollective processes may alter the information retrieved or impact on subsequent recollections. We examine a framework for narrowing down the nature of such processes, from physics. In Physics, the Temporal Bell (TB) inequality offers a general test of the sensitivity of the context of previous measurements in sequential measurement scenarios, as predicted by quantum theory…
Ambivalence in decision making: An eye tracking study
An intuition of ambivalence in cognition is particularly strong for complex decisions, for which the merits and demerits of different options are roughly equal but hard to compare. We examined information search in an experimental paradigm which tasked participants with an ambivalent question, while monitoring attentional dynamics concerning the information relevant to each option in different Areas of Interest (AOIs). We developed two dynamical …
Untangling Decision Routes in Moral Dilemmas: The Refugee Dilemma
It is sometimes considered that there are 2 routes to moral choice, deontological and utilitarian (with debate as to whether each of these routes uniquely reflect emotional vs. analytic components). Yet in moral judgments we are often faced with a third route to choice, based on rules imposed by an outside agency (most typically the legal framework of a country). Whether we agree with these rules or not, we can choose to guide moral choice in thi…
The Disjunction Effect in two-stage simulated gambles. An experimental study and comparison of a heuristic logistic, Markov and quantum-like model
Understanding developmental language disorder - the Helsinki longitudinal SLI study (HelSLI): A study protocol
The project aims to increase our understanding of the multiple interactive risk and protective factors that affect the developing heterogeneous cognitive and behavioral profile of DLD, including factors affecting literacy development. This accumulated knowledge will form a heuristic basis for the development of new interventions targeting linguistic and non-linguistic aspects of DLD
Artificial grammar learning: An introduction to key issues and debates
We consider Artificial Grammar Learning (AGL), which is a versatile methodological tool for the study of learning. AGL is fairly unique amongst learning paradigms, in that it allows an instantiation of a wide variety of theories of learning, including rules, similarity, and associative learning theories. Also, performance in AGL tasks typically reflects both implicit and explicit learning processes. We review these putative influences on AGL perf…
Role of prior knowledge in implicit and explicit learning of artificial grammars
On the adequacy of Bayesian evaluations of categorization models: Reply to Vanpaemel and Lee (2012)
Vanpaemel and Lee (2012) argue, and we agree, that the comparison of formal models can be facilitated by Bayesian methods. However, Bayesian methods neither precede nor supplant our proposals (Wills & Pothos, 2012), as Bayesian methods can be applied both to our proposals and to their polar opposites. Furthermore, the use of Bayesian methods to control for model complexity can be actively misleading when combined with the consideration of narrow …
On the adequacy of current empirical evaluations of formal models of categorization
Categorization is one of the fundamental building blocks of cognition, and the study of categorization is notable for the extent to which formal modeling has been a central and influential component of research. However, the field has seen a proliferation of noncomplementary models with little consensus on the relative adequacy of these accounts. Progress in assessing the relative adequacy of formal categorization models has, to date, been limite…
Feast your eyes: Hunger and trait reward drive predict attentional bias for food cues
Appraisal theories of emotion predict that the relevance of a stimulus to a person's needs and goals influences attentional allocation. We used a modified visual probe task to examine the influence of hunger and trait reward drive on food-related attentional bias. Both hunger and trait reward drive predicted degree of attentional "disengagement" from food images at short (100 ms), but not long (500, 2,000 ms) stimulus durations. Effects of hunger…
Cognitive and behavioral correlates of BMI among male and female undergraduate students
Restraint, disinhibition and food-related processing bias
Estimating everyday portion size using a ‘method of constant stimuli’: In a student sample, portion size is predicted by gender, dietary behaviour, and hunger, but not BMI
Characterizing linguistic structure with mutual information
We explore mutual information (MI) as a means of characterizing linguistic statistical structure. The MI between two linguistic tokensxandyis the degree to which seeingxhelps us anticipate the occurrence ofy. We computed MI between words in 595 samples of written text in 25 languages. Our analyses indicate that MI dependencies do not extend beyond a range of five words. Moreover, the similarity between MI profiles of different languages was used …
Theories of artificial grammar learning
Artificial grammar learning (AGL) is one of the most commonly used paradigms for the study of implicit learning and the contrast between rules, similarity, and associative learning. Despite five decades of extensive research, however, a satisfactory theoretical consensus has not been forthcoming. Theoretical accounts of AGL are reviewed, together with relevant human experimental and neuroscience data. The author concludes that satisfactory unders…
The Addiction-Stroop test: Theoretical considerations and procedural recommendations
Decisions about using addictive substances are influenced by distractions by addiction-related stimuli, of which the user might be unaware. The addiction-Stroop task is a paradigm used to assess this distraction. The empirical evidence for the addiction-Stroop effect is critically reviewed, and meta-analyses of alcohol-related and smoking-related studies are presented. Studies finding the strongest effects were those in which participants had str…
Food-related attentional bias and dietary restraint in Britain, Greece and Iran
Information about the logical structure of a category affects generalization
This paper considers whether information about the logical structure of a category affects how people generalize. We carried out three experiments with the following structure: participants were first presented with a set of training items, and were subsequently asked to decide whether new items belonged to the same category as the training items. Each experiment had two conditions that differed only in terms of the category label provided for th…
So concepts aren't definitions, but do they have necessary or sufficient features
Rips (1989) is one of the most widely cited demonstrations of the relevance of critical features in conceptual structure. A critical feature will impose constraints on how an object is classified, regardless of other factors, such as overall similarity. We review and clarify critical features proposals in terms of whether an assumption is being made about necessary features, sufficient features, or both (i.e. a definition). On the basis of this, …
Restraint, disinhibition and food-related processing bias
Estimating everyday portion size using a ‘method of constant stimuli’: In a student sample, portion size is predicted by gender, dietary behaviour, and hunger, but not BMI
Cognitive and behavioral correlates of BMI among male and female undergraduate students
Theories of artificial grammar learning
Artificial grammar learning (AGL) is one of the most commonly used paradigms for the study of implicit learning and the contrast between rules, similarity, and associative learning. Despite five decades of extensive research, however, a satisfactory theoretical consensus has not been forthcoming. Theoretical accounts of AGL are reviewed, together with relevant human experimental and neuroscience data. The author concludes that satisfactory unders…
On the adequacy of current empirical evaluations of formal models of categorization
Categorization is one of the fundamental building blocks of cognition, and the study of categorization is notable for the extent to which formal modeling has been a central and influential component of research. However, the field has seen a proliferation of noncomplementary models with little consensus on the relative adequacy of these accounts. Progress in assessing the relative adequacy of formal categorization models has, to date, been limite…
Characterizing linguistic structure with mutual information
We explore mutual information (MI) as a means of characterizing linguistic statistical structure. The MI between two linguistic tokensxandyis the degree to which seeingxhelps us anticipate the occurrence ofy. We computed MI between words in 595 samples of written text in 25 languages. Our analyses indicate that MI dependencies do not extend beyond a range of five words. Moreover, the similarity between MI profiles of different languages was used …
So concepts aren't definitions, but do they have necessary or sufficient features
Rips (1989) is one of the most widely cited demonstrations of the relevance of critical features in conceptual structure. A critical feature will impose constraints on how an object is classified, regardless of other factors, such as overall similarity. We review and clarify critical features proposals in terms of whether an assumption is being made about necessary features, sufficient features, or both (i.e. a definition). On the basis of this, …
Information about the logical structure of a category affects generalization
This paper considers whether information about the logical structure of a category affects how people generalize. We carried out three experiments with the following structure: participants were first presented with a set of training items, and were subsequently asked to decide whether new items belonged to the same category as the training items. Each experiment had two conditions that differed only in terms of the category label provided for th…
The Addiction-Stroop test: Theoretical considerations and procedural recommendations
Decisions about using addictive substances are influenced by distractions by addiction-related stimuli, of which the user might be unaware. The addiction-Stroop task is a paradigm used to assess this distraction. The empirical evidence for the addiction-Stroop effect is critically reviewed, and meta-analyses of alcohol-related and smoking-related studies are presented. Studies finding the strongest effects were those in which participants had str…
Food-related attentional bias and dietary restraint in Britain, Greece and Iran
Characterizing linguistic structure with mutual information
We explore mutual information (MI) as a means of characterizing linguistic statistical structure. The MI between two linguistic tokensxandyis the degree to which seeingxhelps us anticipate the occurrence ofy. We computed MI between words in 595 samples of written text in 25 languages. Our analyses indicate that MI dependencies do not extend beyond a range of five words. Moreover, the similarity between MI profiles of different languages was used …
Theories of artificial grammar learning
Artificial grammar learning (AGL) is one of the most commonly used paradigms for the study of implicit learning and the contrast between rules, similarity, and associative learning. Despite five decades of extensive research, however, a satisfactory theoretical consensus has not been forthcoming. Theoretical accounts of AGL are reviewed, together with relevant human experimental and neuroscience data. The author concludes that satisfactory unders…
Restraint, disinhibition and food-related processing bias
Estimating everyday portion size using a ‘method of constant stimuli’: In a student sample, portion size is predicted by gender, dietary behaviour, and hunger, but not BMI
Cognitive and behavioral correlates of BMI among male and female undergraduate students
Feast your eyes: Hunger and trait reward drive predict attentional bias for food cues
Appraisal theories of emotion predict that the relevance of a stimulus to a person's needs and goals influences attentional allocation. We used a modified visual probe task to examine the influence of hunger and trait reward drive on food-related attentional bias. Both hunger and trait reward drive predicted degree of attentional "disengagement" from food images at short (100 ms), but not long (500, 2,000 ms) stimulus durations. Effects of hunger…
On the adequacy of Bayesian evaluations of categorization models: Reply to Vanpaemel and Lee (2012)
Vanpaemel and Lee (2012) argue, and we agree, that the comparison of formal models can be facilitated by Bayesian methods. However, Bayesian methods neither precede nor supplant our proposals (Wills & Pothos, 2012), as Bayesian methods can be applied both to our proposals and to their polar opposites. Furthermore, the use of Bayesian methods to control for model complexity can be actively misleading when combined with the consideration of narrow …
On the adequacy of current empirical evaluations of formal models of categorization
Categorization is one of the fundamental building blocks of cognition, and the study of categorization is notable for the extent to which formal modeling has been a central and influential component of research. However, the field has seen a proliferation of noncomplementary models with little consensus on the relative adequacy of these accounts. Progress in assessing the relative adequacy of formal categorization models has, to date, been limite…
Role of prior knowledge in implicit and explicit learning of artificial grammars
Artificial grammar learning: An introduction to key issues and debates
We consider Artificial Grammar Learning (AGL), which is a versatile methodological tool for the study of learning. AGL is fairly unique amongst learning paradigms, in that it allows an instantiation of a wide variety of theories of learning, including rules, similarity, and associative learning theories. Also, performance in AGL tasks typically reflects both implicit and explicit learning processes. We review these putative influences on AGL perf…
Understanding developmental language disorder - the Helsinki longitudinal SLI study (HelSLI): A study protocol
The project aims to increase our understanding of the multiple interactive risk and protective factors that affect the developing heterogeneous cognitive and behavioral profile of DLD, including factors affecting literacy development. This accumulated knowledge will form a heuristic basis for the development of new interventions targeting linguistic and non-linguistic aspects of DLD
The Disjunction Effect in two-stage simulated gambles. An experimental study and comparison of a heuristic logistic, Markov and quantum-like model
Untangling Decision Routes in Moral Dilemmas: The Refugee Dilemma
It is sometimes considered that there are 2 routes to moral choice, deontological and utilitarian (with debate as to whether each of these routes uniquely reflect emotional vs. analytic components). Yet in moral judgments we are often faced with a third route to choice, based on rules imposed by an outside agency (most typically the legal framework of a country). Whether we agree with these rules or not, we can choose to guide moral choice in thi…
Ambivalence in decision making: An eye tracking study
An intuition of ambivalence in cognition is particularly strong for complex decisions, for which the merits and demerits of different options are roughly equal but hard to compare. We examined information search in an experimental paradigm which tasked participants with an ambivalent question, while monitoring attentional dynamics concerning the information relevant to each option in different Areas of Interest (AOIs). We developed two dynamical …
Temporal Bell inequalities in cognition
There is widespread evidence that human memory is constructive, so that recollective processes may alter the information retrieved or impact on subsequent recollections. We examine a framework for narrowing down the nature of such processes, from physics. In Physics, the Temporal Bell (TB) inequality offers a general test of the sensitivity of the context of previous measurements in sequential measurement scenarios, as predicted by quantum theory…
An overview of the quantum cognition research program
Psychology (20 works) · Cognitive psychology (14 works) · Cognition (13 works) · Computer Science (12 works) · Mathematics (10 works) · Artificial Intelligence (8 works) · Artificial Intelligence (7 works) · Cognitive science (6 works) · Developmental psychology (5 works) · Linguistics (5 works)