Bruce Bartholow
Biographic Data
| ID | 1661895 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Bruce Bartholow |
| GIVEN NAMES | Bruce |
| FAMILY NAME | Bartholow |
| SIGNATURE | BARTHOLOW B |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Missouri |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9234-6417 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 30 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 197 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 30 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1998 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Share the wealth: Neurophysiological and motivational mechanisms related to racial discrimination in economic decision making
Default categorization of outgroup faces and the other race effect: Commentary on the special issue
This commentary addresses how studies examining the neurophysiological correlates of racial categorization can provide insight into the neurocognitive mechanisms of the other‐race effect in recognition memory. Several articles in the special issue describe how event‐related potentials (ERPs) have been used to examine processing of faces that vary according to race, some of which have concluded that larger ERP amplitudes elicited by other‐race (re…
The daily association between affect and alcohol use: A meta-analysis of individual participant data
Influential psychological theories hypothesize that people consume alcohol in response to the experience of both negative and positive emotions. Despite two decades of daily diary and ecological momentary assessment research, it remains unclear whether people consume more alcohol on days they experience higher negative and positive affect in everyday life. In this preregistered meta-analysis, we synthesized the evidence for these daily associatio…
Immediate and delayed effects of everyday racial discrimination on mental health among Black college students: A mixed-methods approach
Experiences of racial discrimination significantly contribute to both mental and physical health outcomes. In this mixed-methods study, we examine both the immediate and delayed effect of discrimination experienced in daily life. Black students at a predominantly White university reported instances of racial discrimination, affect, anxiety, and depression several times per day over 4 weeks ( N = 114); this was followed by qualitative focus groups…
A Functional Coupling of Brain and Behavior During Social Categorization of Faces
Considerable research has focused on how people derive information about others’ social category memberships from their faces. Theoretical models posit that early extraction of task-relevant information from a face should determine the efficiency with which that face is categorized, but evidence supporting this idea has been elusive. Here, we used a novel trial-level data analytic approach to examine the relationship between two event-related pot…
The thrill of victory: Savoring positive affect, psychophysiological reward processing, and symptoms of depression
Depression is characterized by a pattern of maladaptive emotion regulation. Recently, researchers have begun to focus on associations between depression and two positive affect regulation strategies: savoring and dampening. Savoring, or upregulation of positive affect, is positively associated with well-being and negatively associated with depression, whereas dampening, or downregulation of positive affect, is positively associated with depressio…
Dissociating automatic associations: Comparing two implicit measurements of race bias
Weak correspondence across different implicit bias tasks may arise from the contribution of unique forms of automatic and controlled processes to response behavior. Here, we examined the correspondence between estimates of automatic and controlled processing derived from two sequential priming tasks with identical structure and timing designed to separately measure stereotypic (Weapons Identification Task; WIT) and evaluative (Affective Priming T…
Explicit categorization goals affect attention-related processing of race and gender during person construal
Effects of Exposure to Alcohol-Related Cues on Racial Prejudice
Prior research ( Stepanova, Bartholow, Saults, & Friedman, 2012 ) indicates that exposure to alcohol-related cues increases expressions of racial biases. This study investigated whether such effects can be replicated with other tasks assessing racial bias and whether they stem from stereotyping or prejudice. In two experiments participants (N 1 = 118; N 2 = 152) were exposed to either alcohol-related or neutral advertisements, and then completed …
Effects of exposure to alcohol‐related cues on racial discrimination
Prior research has shown that exposure to alcohol‐related images exacerbates expression of implicit racial biases, and that brief exposure to alcohol‐related words increases aggressive responses. However, the potential for alcohol cue exposure to elicit differential aggression against a Black (outgroup) relative to a White (ingroup) target—that is, racial discrimination—has never been investigated. Here, we found that White participants ( N = 92)…
Specifying Associations Between Conscientiousness and Executive Functioning: Mental Set Shifting, Not Prepotent Response Inhibition or Working Memory Updating
Conscientiousness is characterized by self‐control, organization, and goal orientation and is positively related to a number of health and professional outcomes. Thus, it is commonly suggested that conscientiousness should be related to superior executive functioning ( EF ) abilities, especially prepotent response inhibition. However, little empirical support for this notion has emerged, perhaps due to oversimplified and underspecified modeling o…
Emotional foundations of cognitive control
Consensus on media violence effects: Comment on Bushman, Gollwitzer, and Cruz (2015)
We summarize the main findings of Bushman, Gollwitzer, and Cruz (2015), highlight its empirical contributions, and note interesting patterns and implications for future research. The results demonstrate that consensus exists among experts on the reality of harmful media violence effects on children and adolescents. We note likely differences in the makeup of the different samples and how these might have affected the results. This comment also pr…
How much evidence is p > .05? Stimulus pre-testing and null primary outcomes in violent video games research
Toward a comprehensive understanding of executive cognitive function in implicit racial bias
Although performance on laboratory-based implicit bias tasks often is interpreted strictly in terms of the strength of automatic associations, recent evidence suggests that such tasks are influenced by higher-order cognitive control processes, so-called executive functions (EFs). However, extant work in this area has been limited by failure to account for the unity and diversity of EFs, focus on only a single measure of bias and/or EF, and relati…
The negativity bias in affective picture processing depends on top-down and bottom-up motivational significance
It is widely believed that negative information is psychologically more meaningful than positive information, a phenomenon known generally as the negativity bias. However, findings concerning the possibility of a negativity bias in emotional picture processing have been mixed, with recent studies indicating the lack of such a bias in event-related brain potentials (ERPs) when pleasant and unpleasant images are equated for motivational relevance. …
Intoxicated prejudice: The impact of alcohol consumption on implicitly and explicitly measured racial attitudes
Recent research has shown that alcohol consumption can exacerbate expressions of racial bias by increasing reliance on stereotypes. However, little work has investigated how alcohol affects intergroup evaluations. The current work sought to address the issue in the context of the correspondence between implicit and explicit measures of anti-black attitudes. Participants were randomly assigned to consume an alcoholic (target BAC of 0.08%), placebo…
Alcohol-related cues promote automatic racial bias
Violent and nonviolent video games differentially affect physical aggression for individuals high vs. low in dispositional anger
Although numerous experiments have shown that exposure to violent video games (VVG) causes increases in aggression, relatively few studies have investigated the extent to which this effect differs as a function of theoretically relevant individual difference factors. This study investigated whether video game content differentially influences aggression as a function of individual differences in trait anger. Participants were randomly assigned to…
This is your brain on violent video games: Neural desensitization to violence predicts increased aggression following violent video game exposure
Violent and nonviolent video games produce opposing effects on aggressive and prosocial outcomes
The color of safety: Ingroup-associated colors make beer safer
Psychophysiological evidence of response conflict and strategic control of responses in affective priming
Automatic and controlled processes and the development of addictive behaviors in adolescents: A review and a model
Stereotype activation and control of race bias: Cognitive control of inhibition and its impairment by alcohol
Two experiments tested the hypothesis that alcohol increases race-biased responding via impairment of self-regulatory cognitive control. Participants consumed either a placebo or alcohol and then made speeded responses to stereotypic trait words presented after White and Black face primes while behavioral and event-related brain potential (ERP) data were recorded. Alcohol did not affect stereotype activation in either experiment. Experiment 2 sho…
Chronic violent video game exposure and desensitization to violence: Behavioral and event-related brain potential data
Effects of Violent Video Games on Aggressive Behavior: Potential Sex Differences
This is your brain on violent video games: Neural desensitization to violence predicts increased aggression following violent video game exposure
Interactive effects of life experience and situational cues on aggression: The weapons priming effect in hunters and nonhunters
Violent and nonviolent video games produce opposing effects on aggressive and prosocial outcomes
Stereotype activation and control of race bias: Cognitive control of inhibition and its impairment by alcohol
Two experiments tested the hypothesis that alcohol increases race-biased responding via impairment of self-regulatory cognitive control. Participants consumed either a placebo or alcohol and then made speeded responses to stereotypic trait words presented after White and Black face primes while behavioral and event-related brain potential (ERP) data were recorded. Alcohol did not affect stereotype activation in either experiment. Experiment 2 sho…
The daily association between affect and alcohol use: A meta-analysis of individual participant data
Influential psychological theories hypothesize that people consume alcohol in response to the experience of both negative and positive emotions. Despite two decades of daily diary and ecological momentary assessment research, it remains unclear whether people consume more alcohol on days they experience higher negative and positive affect in everyday life. In this preregistered meta-analysis, we synthesized the evidence for these daily associatio…
Toward a comprehensive understanding of executive cognitive function in implicit racial bias
Although performance on laboratory-based implicit bias tasks often is interpreted strictly in terms of the strength of automatic associations, recent evidence suggests that such tasks are influenced by higher-order cognitive control processes, so-called executive functions (EFs). However, extant work in this area has been limited by failure to account for the unity and diversity of EFs, focus on only a single measure of bias and/or EF, and relati…
Alcohol-related cues promote automatic racial bias
Effects of alcohol on person perception: A social cognitive neuroscience approach
The acute effects of alcohol on cognitive processing of expectancy violations were investigated using event-related brain potentials and a cued recall task to index attentional and working memory processes associated with inconsistency resolution. As predicted, expectancy-violating behaviors elicited larger late positive potentials (LPP) and were recalled better than expectancy-consistent behaviors. These effects were moderated by alcohol and the…
Intoxicated prejudice: The impact of alcohol consumption on implicitly and explicitly measured racial attitudes
Recent research has shown that alcohol consumption can exacerbate expressions of racial bias by increasing reliance on stereotypes. However, little work has investigated how alcohol affects intergroup evaluations. The current work sought to address the issue in the context of the correspondence between implicit and explicit measures of anti-black attitudes. Participants were randomly assigned to consume an alcoholic (target BAC of 0.08%), placebo…
Violent and nonviolent video games differentially affect physical aggression for individuals high vs. low in dispositional anger
Although numerous experiments have shown that exposure to violent video games (VVG) causes increases in aggression, relatively few studies have investigated the extent to which this effect differs as a function of theoretically relevant individual difference factors. This study investigated whether video game content differentially influences aggression as a function of individual differences in trait anger. Participants were randomly assigned to…
Psychophysiological evidence of response conflict and strategic control of responses in affective priming
The Importance of Status Legitimacy for Intergroup Attitudes Among Numerical Minorities
This study investigated whether the legitimacy of the status structure influences the interactive effects of group status and numerical representation on intergroup attitudes. Participants were randomly assigned to conditions in a 2 (level of status; high, low) by 2 (legitimacy of status; legitimate, illegitimate) by 2 (numerical representation; majority, minority) between‐subjects design. The predicted three‐way interaction indicated that, when …
Immediate and delayed effects of everyday racial discrimination on mental health among Black college students: A mixed-methods approach
Experiences of racial discrimination significantly contribute to both mental and physical health outcomes. In this mixed-methods study, we examine both the immediate and delayed effect of discrimination experienced in daily life. Black students at a predominantly White university reported instances of racial discrimination, affect, anxiety, and depression several times per day over 4 weeks ( N = 114); this was followed by qualitative focus groups…
Effects of exposure to alcohol‐related cues on racial discrimination
Prior research has shown that exposure to alcohol‐related images exacerbates expression of implicit racial biases, and that brief exposure to alcohol‐related words increases aggressive responses. However, the potential for alcohol cue exposure to elicit differential aggression against a Black (outgroup) relative to a White (ingroup) target—that is, racial discrimination—has never been investigated. Here, we found that White participants ( N = 92)…
The color of safety: Ingroup-associated colors make beer safer
The Importance of Status Legitimacy for Intergroup Attitudes Among Numerical Minorities
This study investigated whether the legitimacy of the status structure influences the interactive effects of group status and numerical representation on intergroup attitudes. Participants were randomly assigned to conditions in a 2 (level of status; high, low) by 2 (legitimacy of status; legitimate, illegitimate) by 2 (numerical representation; majority, minority) between‐subjects design. The predicted three‐way interaction indicated that, when …
Effects of Violent Video Games on Aggressive Behavior: Potential Sex Differences
Effects of alcohol on person perception: A social cognitive neuroscience approach
The acute effects of alcohol on cognitive processing of expectancy violations were investigated using event-related brain potentials and a cued recall task to index attentional and working memory processes associated with inconsistency resolution. As predicted, expectancy-violating behaviors elicited larger late positive potentials (LPP) and were recalled better than expectancy-consistent behaviors. These effects were moderated by alcohol and the…
Interactive effects of life experience and situational cues on aggression: The weapons priming effect in hunters and nonhunters
Chronic violent video game exposure and desensitization to violence: Behavioral and event-related brain potential data
Stereotype activation and control of race bias: Cognitive control of inhibition and its impairment by alcohol
Two experiments tested the hypothesis that alcohol increases race-biased responding via impairment of self-regulatory cognitive control. Participants consumed either a placebo or alcohol and then made speeded responses to stereotypic trait words presented after White and Black face primes while behavioral and event-related brain potential (ERP) data were recorded. Alcohol did not affect stereotype activation in either experiment. Experiment 2 sho…
Automatic and controlled processes and the development of addictive behaviors in adolescents: A review and a model
Psychophysiological evidence of response conflict and strategic control of responses in affective priming
Violent and nonviolent video games produce opposing effects on aggressive and prosocial outcomes
The color of safety: Ingroup-associated colors make beer safer
Violent and nonviolent video games differentially affect physical aggression for individuals high vs. low in dispositional anger
Although numerous experiments have shown that exposure to violent video games (VVG) causes increases in aggression, relatively few studies have investigated the extent to which this effect differs as a function of theoretically relevant individual difference factors. This study investigated whether video game content differentially influences aggression as a function of individual differences in trait anger. Participants were randomly assigned to…
This is your brain on violent video games: Neural desensitization to violence predicts increased aggression following violent video game exposure
Alcohol-related cues promote automatic racial bias
The negativity bias in affective picture processing depends on top-down and bottom-up motivational significance
It is widely believed that negative information is psychologically more meaningful than positive information, a phenomenon known generally as the negativity bias. However, findings concerning the possibility of a negativity bias in emotional picture processing have been mixed, with recent studies indicating the lack of such a bias in event-related brain potentials (ERPs) when pleasant and unpleasant images are equated for motivational relevance. …
Intoxicated prejudice: The impact of alcohol consumption on implicitly and explicitly measured racial attitudes
Recent research has shown that alcohol consumption can exacerbate expressions of racial bias by increasing reliance on stereotypes. However, little work has investigated how alcohol affects intergroup evaluations. The current work sought to address the issue in the context of the correspondence between implicit and explicit measures of anti-black attitudes. Participants were randomly assigned to consume an alcoholic (target BAC of 0.08%), placebo…
Emotional foundations of cognitive control
Consensus on media violence effects: Comment on Bushman, Gollwitzer, and Cruz (2015)
We summarize the main findings of Bushman, Gollwitzer, and Cruz (2015), highlight its empirical contributions, and note interesting patterns and implications for future research. The results demonstrate that consensus exists among experts on the reality of harmful media violence effects on children and adolescents. We note likely differences in the makeup of the different samples and how these might have affected the results. This comment also pr…
How much evidence is p > .05? Stimulus pre-testing and null primary outcomes in violent video games research
Toward a comprehensive understanding of executive cognitive function in implicit racial bias
Although performance on laboratory-based implicit bias tasks often is interpreted strictly in terms of the strength of automatic associations, recent evidence suggests that such tasks are influenced by higher-order cognitive control processes, so-called executive functions (EFs). However, extant work in this area has been limited by failure to account for the unity and diversity of EFs, focus on only a single measure of bias and/or EF, and relati…
Specifying Associations Between Conscientiousness and Executive Functioning: Mental Set Shifting, Not Prepotent Response Inhibition or Working Memory Updating
Conscientiousness is characterized by self‐control, organization, and goal orientation and is positively related to a number of health and professional outcomes. Thus, it is commonly suggested that conscientiousness should be related to superior executive functioning ( EF ) abilities, especially prepotent response inhibition. However, little empirical support for this notion has emerged, perhaps due to oversimplified and underspecified modeling o…
Effects of Exposure to Alcohol-Related Cues on Racial Prejudice
Prior research ( Stepanova, Bartholow, Saults, & Friedman, 2012 ) indicates that exposure to alcohol-related cues increases expressions of racial biases. This study investigated whether such effects can be replicated with other tasks assessing racial bias and whether they stem from stereotyping or prejudice. In two experiments participants (N 1 = 118; N 2 = 152) were exposed to either alcohol-related or neutral advertisements, and then completed …
Effects of exposure to alcohol‐related cues on racial discrimination
Prior research has shown that exposure to alcohol‐related images exacerbates expression of implicit racial biases, and that brief exposure to alcohol‐related words increases aggressive responses. However, the potential for alcohol cue exposure to elicit differential aggression against a Black (outgroup) relative to a White (ingroup) target—that is, racial discrimination—has never been investigated. Here, we found that White participants ( N = 92)…
Explicit categorization goals affect attention-related processing of race and gender during person construal
The thrill of victory: Savoring positive affect, psychophysiological reward processing, and symptoms of depression
Depression is characterized by a pattern of maladaptive emotion regulation. Recently, researchers have begun to focus on associations between depression and two positive affect regulation strategies: savoring and dampening. Savoring, or upregulation of positive affect, is positively associated with well-being and negatively associated with depression, whereas dampening, or downregulation of positive affect, is positively associated with depressio…
Dissociating automatic associations: Comparing two implicit measurements of race bias
Weak correspondence across different implicit bias tasks may arise from the contribution of unique forms of automatic and controlled processes to response behavior. Here, we examined the correspondence between estimates of automatic and controlled processing derived from two sequential priming tasks with identical structure and timing designed to separately measure stereotypic (Weapons Identification Task; WIT) and evaluative (Affective Priming T…
Psychology (30 works) · Social Psychology (24 works) · Developmental psychology (17 works) · Social Psychology (17 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (13 works) · Cognition (12 works) · Cognitive psychology (12 works) · Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression (8 works) · Cultural Differences and Values (8 works) · Aggression (7 works)