Anne E Cook
Biographic Data
| ID | 1666169 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Anne E Cook |
| GIVEN NAMES | Anne E |
| FAMILY NAME | Cook |
| SIGNATURE | COOK A E |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Utah |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0733-6370 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 14 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 129 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 14 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1998 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Fantasy-based violations of real-world knowledge
Teaching & Learning Guide for
Fundamentals of inferencing during reading
Over the last few decades, research on inferencing in comprehension has advanced considerably-across several cross-disciplinary domains of study and levels of analysis. The goal of this paper was to review major theoretical approaches to inferencing, and discourse comprehension in general, as well as the evidence that these approaches generated. We then turn our focus to challenges for existing accounts of inferencing, and in doing so, we propose…
Coherence Threshold and the Continuity of Processing
Common to all models of reading comprehension is the assumption that a reader's level of comprehension is heavily influenced by their standards of coherence (van den Broek, Risden, & Husbye-Hartman, 1995 van den Broek, P., Risden, K., & Husebye-Hartmann, E. (1995). The role of readers' standards for coherence in the generation of inferences during reading. In R. F. Lorch & E. J. O'Brien (Eds.), Sources of coherence in reading (pp. 353–373). Mahwa…
Semantic Size and Contextual Congruency Effects During Reading
Recent lexical decision studies have produced conflicting evidence about whether an object's semantic size influences word recognition. The present study examined this variable in online reading. Target words representing small and large objects were embedded in sentence contexts that were either neutral, congruent, or incongruent with respect to object size, and participants' eye movements were monitored. We found that although semantic size alo…
Knowledge Activation, Integration, and Validation During Narrative Text Comprehension
Previous text comprehension studies using the contradiction paradigm primarily tested assumptions of the activation mechanism involved in reading. However, the nature of the contradiction in such studies relied on validation of information in readers' general world knowledge. We directly tested this validation process by varying the strength of the relation between information presented in a narrative and information in general world knowledge. I…
Number-of-Features Effects During Reading
Researchers have demonstrated that words with high numbers of features (NOF) are recognized more quickly than words with low NOF. One difficulty in testing theories of word recognition with paradigms that present words in isolation, however, is that these paradigms can produce task demands not present in naturalistic reading situations. Extending previous research on this topic, we embedded high and low NOF words in neutral sentences that partici…
Foregrounding Effects During Reading, Revisited
Previous researchers have argued that objects associated with a protagonist may be foregrounded, or held active, in memory. This study expanded on previous work by using an inconsistency paradigm to investigate the effects of protagonist association on object accessibility. Readers experienced more processing difficulty when a target sentence contradicted previously presented information about protagonist-associated objects than when the contradi…
Immediate disambiguation of lexically ambiguous words during reading
Sentences containing lexically ambiguous words were read as readers' eye movements were monitored. On half of the trials, the dominant meaning of the ambiguous word was instantiated, while in the other half, the subordinate meaning was instantiated. Furthermore, on half of the trials, an adjective or modifier immediately preceded the target noun (kitchen table, statistical table), which was consistent with either the dominant or subordinate meani…
What Have We Been Missing? The Role of General World Knowledge in Discourse Processing
In recent years, memory-based and explanation-based theories have dominated the discourse processing literature. Numerous studies have been conducted to show support for each of the two views. Most of these studies have manipulated factors in the episodic memory trace of texts, without a great deal of focus on how general world knowledge impacts processing. We describe several studies from the reading comprehension literature that show strong eff…
Processing an Anaphor When There Is No Antecedent
In 5 experiments, participants read passages with sentences containing a categorical anaphoric reference. The exemplar referred to was either present in the passage, present but negated, or absent from the passage. Reading times were at least as fast when the exemplar was absent as when it was present, and reading times were slowest when the exemplar was negated. Naming and recognition probe data from several experiments demonstrated that the exe…
What Have We Been Missing? The Role of General World Knowledge in Discourse Processing
Semantic and Episodic Effects on Bridging Inferences
In 3 experiments, participants read pairs of sentences requiring a bridging inference between a category in 1 sentence and a typical or atypical exemplar of that category in the following sentence. In Experiments 2 and 3, the critical pair of sentences was preceded by several lines of text in which the exemplar was introduced and then backgrounded by a shift in topic. Accessibility of the earlier mentioned exemplar was manipulated by varying the …
What is readily available during reading? A memory‐based view of text processing
Previous research has demonstrated that readers routinely maintain both local and global coherence. Four experiments are presented that test 2 views of how relevant global information becomes readily available to the reader. According to 1 view, readers make use of discourse pointers. These pointers restrict reactivation of backgrounded information to information that is scenario relevant. In contrast, according to the memory‐based text processin…
Knowledge Activation, Integration, and Validation During Narrative Text Comprehension
Previous text comprehension studies using the contradiction paradigm primarily tested assumptions of the activation mechanism involved in reading. However, the nature of the contradiction in such studies relied on validation of information in readers' general world knowledge. We directly tested this validation process by varying the strength of the relation between information presented in a narrative and information in general world knowledge. I…
Coherence Threshold and the Continuity of Processing
Common to all models of reading comprehension is the assumption that a reader's level of comprehension is heavily influenced by their standards of coherence (van den Broek, Risden, & Husbye-Hartman, 1995 van den Broek, P., Risden, K., & Husebye-Hartmann, E. (1995). The role of readers' standards for coherence in the generation of inferences during reading. In R. F. Lorch & E. J. O'Brien (Eds.), Sources of coherence in reading (pp. 353–373). Mahwa…
What is readily available during reading? A memory‐based view of text processing
Previous research has demonstrated that readers routinely maintain both local and global coherence. Four experiments are presented that test 2 views of how relevant global information becomes readily available to the reader. According to 1 view, readers make use of discourse pointers. These pointers restrict reactivation of backgrounded information to information that is scenario relevant. In contrast, according to the memory‐based text processin…
What Have We Been Missing? The Role of General World Knowledge in Discourse Processing
In recent years, memory-based and explanation-based theories have dominated the discourse processing literature. Numerous studies have been conducted to show support for each of the two views. Most of these studies have manipulated factors in the episodic memory trace of texts, without a great deal of focus on how general world knowledge impacts processing. We describe several studies from the reading comprehension literature that show strong eff…
Semantic and Episodic Effects on Bridging Inferences
In 3 experiments, participants read pairs of sentences requiring a bridging inference between a category in 1 sentence and a typical or atypical exemplar of that category in the following sentence. In Experiments 2 and 3, the critical pair of sentences was preceded by several lines of text in which the exemplar was introduced and then backgrounded by a shift in topic. Accessibility of the earlier mentioned exemplar was manipulated by varying the …
Processing an Anaphor When There Is No Antecedent
In 5 experiments, participants read passages with sentences containing a categorical anaphoric reference. The exemplar referred to was either present in the passage, present but negated, or absent from the passage. Reading times were at least as fast when the exemplar was absent as when it was present, and reading times were slowest when the exemplar was negated. Naming and recognition probe data from several experiments demonstrated that the exe…
What Have We Been Missing? The Role of General World Knowledge in Discourse Processing
Fundamentals of inferencing during reading
Over the last few decades, research on inferencing in comprehension has advanced considerably-across several cross-disciplinary domains of study and levels of analysis. The goal of this paper was to review major theoretical approaches to inferencing, and discourse comprehension in general, as well as the evidence that these approaches generated. We then turn our focus to challenges for existing accounts of inferencing, and in doing so, we propose…
Number-of-Features Effects During Reading
Researchers have demonstrated that words with high numbers of features (NOF) are recognized more quickly than words with low NOF. One difficulty in testing theories of word recognition with paradigms that present words in isolation, however, is that these paradigms can produce task demands not present in naturalistic reading situations. Extending previous research on this topic, we embedded high and low NOF words in neutral sentences that partici…
Foregrounding Effects During Reading, Revisited
Previous researchers have argued that objects associated with a protagonist may be foregrounded, or held active, in memory. This study expanded on previous work by using an inconsistency paradigm to investigate the effects of protagonist association on object accessibility. Readers experienced more processing difficulty when a target sentence contradicted previously presented information about protagonist-associated objects than when the contradi…
Immediate disambiguation of lexically ambiguous words during reading
Sentences containing lexically ambiguous words were read as readers' eye movements were monitored. On half of the trials, the dominant meaning of the ambiguous word was instantiated, while in the other half, the subordinate meaning was instantiated. Furthermore, on half of the trials, an adjective or modifier immediately preceded the target noun (kitchen table, statistical table), which was consistent with either the dominant or subordinate meani…
Semantic Size and Contextual Congruency Effects During Reading
Recent lexical decision studies have produced conflicting evidence about whether an object's semantic size influences word recognition. The present study examined this variable in online reading. Target words representing small and large objects were embedded in sentence contexts that were either neutral, congruent, or incongruent with respect to object size, and participants' eye movements were monitored. We found that although semantic size alo…
What is readily available during reading? A memory‐based view of text processing
Previous research has demonstrated that readers routinely maintain both local and global coherence. Four experiments are presented that test 2 views of how relevant global information becomes readily available to the reader. According to 1 view, readers make use of discourse pointers. These pointers restrict reactivation of backgrounded information to information that is scenario relevant. In contrast, according to the memory‐based text processin…
Semantic and Episodic Effects on Bridging Inferences
In 3 experiments, participants read pairs of sentences requiring a bridging inference between a category in 1 sentence and a typical or atypical exemplar of that category in the following sentence. In Experiments 2 and 3, the critical pair of sentences was preceded by several lines of text in which the exemplar was introduced and then backgrounded by a shift in topic. Accessibility of the earlier mentioned exemplar was manipulated by varying the …
What Have We Been Missing? The Role of General World Knowledge in Discourse Processing
In recent years, memory-based and explanation-based theories have dominated the discourse processing literature. Numerous studies have been conducted to show support for each of the two views. Most of these studies have manipulated factors in the episodic memory trace of texts, without a great deal of focus on how general world knowledge impacts processing. We describe several studies from the reading comprehension literature that show strong eff…
Processing an Anaphor When There Is No Antecedent
In 5 experiments, participants read passages with sentences containing a categorical anaphoric reference. The exemplar referred to was either present in the passage, present but negated, or absent from the passage. Reading times were at least as fast when the exemplar was absent as when it was present, and reading times were slowest when the exemplar was negated. Naming and recognition probe data from several experiments demonstrated that the exe…
What Have We Been Missing? The Role of General World Knowledge in Discourse Processing
Immediate disambiguation of lexically ambiguous words during reading
Sentences containing lexically ambiguous words were read as readers' eye movements were monitored. On half of the trials, the dominant meaning of the ambiguous word was instantiated, while in the other half, the subordinate meaning was instantiated. Furthermore, on half of the trials, an adjective or modifier immediately preceded the target noun (kitchen table, statistical table), which was consistent with either the dominant or subordinate meani…
Foregrounding Effects During Reading, Revisited
Previous researchers have argued that objects associated with a protagonist may be foregrounded, or held active, in memory. This study expanded on previous work by using an inconsistency paradigm to investigate the effects of protagonist association on object accessibility. Readers experienced more processing difficulty when a target sentence contradicted previously presented information about protagonist-associated objects than when the contradi…
Number-of-Features Effects During Reading
Researchers have demonstrated that words with high numbers of features (NOF) are recognized more quickly than words with low NOF. One difficulty in testing theories of word recognition with paradigms that present words in isolation, however, is that these paradigms can produce task demands not present in naturalistic reading situations. Extending previous research on this topic, we embedded high and low NOF words in neutral sentences that partici…
Knowledge Activation, Integration, and Validation During Narrative Text Comprehension
Previous text comprehension studies using the contradiction paradigm primarily tested assumptions of the activation mechanism involved in reading. However, the nature of the contradiction in such studies relied on validation of information in readers' general world knowledge. We directly tested this validation process by varying the strength of the relation between information presented in a narrative and information in general world knowledge. I…
Coherence Threshold and the Continuity of Processing
Common to all models of reading comprehension is the assumption that a reader's level of comprehension is heavily influenced by their standards of coherence (van den Broek, Risden, & Husbye-Hartman, 1995 van den Broek, P., Risden, K., & Husebye-Hartmann, E. (1995). The role of readers' standards for coherence in the generation of inferences during reading. In R. F. Lorch & E. J. O'Brien (Eds.), Sources of coherence in reading (pp. 353–373). Mahwa…
Semantic Size and Contextual Congruency Effects During Reading
Recent lexical decision studies have produced conflicting evidence about whether an object's semantic size influences word recognition. The present study examined this variable in online reading. Target words representing small and large objects were embedded in sentence contexts that were either neutral, congruent, or incongruent with respect to object size, and participants' eye movements were monitored. We found that although semantic size alo…
Teaching & Learning Guide for
Fundamentals of inferencing during reading
Over the last few decades, research on inferencing in comprehension has advanced considerably-across several cross-disciplinary domains of study and levels of analysis. The goal of this paper was to review major theoretical approaches to inferencing, and discourse comprehension in general, as well as the evidence that these approaches generated. We then turn our focus to challenges for existing accounts of inferencing, and in doing so, we propose…
Fantasy-based violations of real-world knowledge
Linguistics (13 works) · Psychology (12 works) · Computer Science (11 works) · Reading and Literacy Development (11 works) · Cognitive psychology (9 works) · Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism (8 works) · Natural language processing (7 works) · Reading (process (7 works) · Artificial Intelligence (6 works) · Comprehension (5 works)