Reza Hasmath
Biographic Data
| ID | 167231 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Reza Hasmath |
| GIVEN NAMES | Reza |
| FAMILY NAME | Hasmath |
| SIGNATURE | HASMATH R |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Alberta |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1467-129X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 42 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 280 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 39 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 3 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2007 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 11 |
China’s ‘bad citizens’: Understanding non-participation in philanthropic and voluntaristic activities
In response to increasing socio-economic inequalities, the Chinese state has promoted the idea of the ‘good citizen’ who engages in philanthropy and volunteerism. This study explores why some individuals in China choose the converse, to be ‘bad citizens’ by not participating in these activities. Utilizing data from four waves of the Civic Participation in China Surveys (CPCS) conducted in 2018, 2020, 2022 and 2024, the study suggests that the beh…
Resisting the Dehumanization of Refugees
The civic participation in China survey: Key trends in philanthropic and voluntary activities
The Civic Participation in China Survey (CPCS) is a nationwide, randomized online study of urban residents, conducted in four waves between 2018 and 2024. It examines philanthropic and volunteering activities, as well as perceptions of citizenship and civic engagement. This article outlines the survey’s methodology and analyzes trends in civic participation in mainland China, exploring connections to democratization and good governance. The study…
The operations of contemporary Han Chinese privilege
This article discusses the conceptual underpinnings and performance of Han Chinese privilege in the People's Republic of China. It suggests that Han Chinese privilege has gained salience from specific public policies and philosophies of governance. This is aptly viewed across a range of sites, including the labour market and media, and involves state institutions and micro-level everyday interactions between the Han Chinese and the ethnic minorit…
Discourse, Deliberation and Difference in an Authoritarian Public Sphere
This article explores how discourse, deliberation and difference – classically advanced by Jurgen Habermas and Iris Marion Young within a Western democratic context – functions in an authoritarian environment, with special reference to China. The article suggests why authoritarian discourse and deliberation is more limited than its Western democratic counterparts. It further suggests that the incorporation of difference into authoritarian discour…
The Construction and Performance of Citizenship in Contemporary China
Citizenship education has been an explicit part of the universal education system in contemporary China. Using data from an original nationwide survey conducted in 2018, this study tests the hypothesis that the longer the intensity of exposure to citizenship education, the more citizens are influenced by a state-led conception of citizenship characterized by passive obedience and loyalty to the state. The study finds mixed results in that citizen…
Future Responses to Managing Muslim Ethnic Minorities in China: Lessons Learned from Global Approaches to Improving Inter-Ethnic Relations
Current policies to manage ethnic minority unrest in Xinjiang are not working, and do not address the core root causes behind ethnic tensions. Drawing upon lessons learned from global approaches to improving inter-ethnic relations, and factoring in China’s institutional behaviour and norms, this essay looks at policy responses that could be entertained by the state to improve the conditions of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang. It suggests that in th…
Exploring political personalities: The micro‐foundation of local policy innovation in China
This article argues that policymakers' individual attributes influence their willingness to engage in policy innovation, and that this influence is responsive to, but not determined by, changes in the institutional structure. We derive these findings by employing principal component analysis of original data from surveys of local policymakers in China, to inductively locate different personalities. We find statistically significant personalities …
Volunteerism and democratic learning in an authoritarian state: The case of China
Extant literature on civic participation in Western democracies demonstrates a linear relationship between increased civic participation and a stronger democracy. In general, the scholarly debate revolves around the precise causal mechanisms for this relationship: holding government accountable; citizens learning "democratic skills", such as collective mobilization and advocacy; and, building social capital and trust to overcome the dilemma of co…
Citizens’ Expectations for Crisis Management and the Involvement of Civil Society Organisations in China
Chinese citizens are relatively happy with the state's management of national disasters and emergencies. However, they are increasingly concluding that the state alone cannot manage them. Leveraging the 2018 and 2020 Civic Participation in China Surveys, we find that more educated citizens conclude that the government has a leading role in crisis management, but there is ample room for civil society organisations (CSOs) to act in a complementary …
The evolution of policy experimentation in China
Scholars credit policy experimentation with China’s economic reforms and authoritarian resilience. This article traces the evolution of experimentation through the prism of varying motivations, such as individual career incentives, improving governance, and symbolic and factional politics. Despite the benefits, there has been a notable reduction in experimentation under Xi Jinping, creating disincentives to innovate at the local level. Neverthele…
A Community of Practice for Chinese NGOs
Conceptualizing government-organized non-governmental organizations
This article offers a conceptual framework to identify and analyse the contemporary behaviour of the paradoxical government-organized, non-governmental organization (GONGO). We discuss how GONGOs’ activities fit within mainstream civil society theories and traditions. Furthermore, we compare and analyse GONGOs and NGOs in terms of their sources of power, main activities and functions, and dilemmas. Finally, we theorize the effects, and implicatio…
What explains the rise of majority–minority tensions and conflict in Xinjiang
In the past few years there has been a rise of inter-ethnic violence in China. While ethno-cultural repression and ineffective state policies are correctly attributed as key culprits behind this reality, this article suggests that socio-economic factors play a fundamental contributory role as well. Using the Xinjiang case, the article maps ethnic tensions and violence as a manifestation and expression of a growing and heightened ethno-cultural co…
Holding up Half the Sky? Ethno-Gender Labour Market Outcomes in China
Studies looking at gender and ethnic minority outcomes in China’s labour market have generally suggested that women and minorities are separately experiencing a wage disadvantage relative to males and the Han majority, respectively. But, what is the experience of this combined cohort, ethnic minority women? Using data from China’s 2005 one percent mini-census, this article discerns ethno-gender labour market outcomes by factoring education, labou…
Beyond Special Privileges: The Discretionary Treatment of Ethnic Minorities in China's Welfare System
The social welfare of ethnic minorities is a contested subject with a deep politicalised history in contemporary China. This article uses a new large dataset solely looking at ethnic minorities in China, to analyse the impact and outcomes that new urban social and welfare schemes - with notable attention to the basic medical insurance, and the minimum livelihood guarantee allowance (dibao) - have on the livelihoods of minorities. The data suggest…
When a joke is more than a joke: Humor as a form of networked practice in the Chinese cyber public sphere
Received wisdom views political humor, viz. egao, in the Chinese cyber public sphere as a form of resistance. This study creates and tests a framework that best conceptualizes how different functions of egao are connected with one another: to analyze the patterns of ties that link the different facets of the phenomenon together. The study contends that by framing egao within network society theory, we can appreciate its fluidity and better unders…
The impact of the European Union’s policy towards China’s intellectual property regime
This article evaluates the effectiveness of two major European Union technical assistance programmes, IPR2 and IP Key, in shaping China’s regional intellectual property (IP) enforcement. It argues that although technical assistance programmes have been effective in influencing the national IP legal framework, it has been less successful in assisting regional policy enforcement. This is primarily the result of divergent economic priorities at the …
The Incentive to Innovate? The Behavior of Local Policymakers in China
A maturing civil society in China? The role of knowledge and professionalization in the development of NGOs
This article suggests that Chinese NGOs do not have the conviction that they are part of an epistemic community in mainland China. Interviews conducted in four cities, Chongqing, Kunming, Nanjing and Shanghai, suggest that this can be attributed to a lack of set standards and professionalization governing their sector of operation. Further, the study finds that Chinese NGOs do not see knowledge production as their primary role within their organi…
The Ethnic Penalty: Immigration, Education and the Labour Market
Populations of visible ethnic minorities have steadily increased over the past few decades in immigrant-receptive societies. While a complex calculus of push and pull factors has motivated this increase, one of the main impetuses for this migration has been the search for employment, better wages and a higher standard of living. It is therefore not surprising that the educational attainments of the first generation and beyond have achieved conver…
NGO Strategies in an Authoritarian Context, and Their Implications for Citizenship: The Case of the People’s Republic of China
This study argues that different cities in China have different resource environments available for NGOs. Organizations react to these resource environments by constructing appropriate resource strategies, which in turn shape the characteristics and structures of the NGOs of that city. It further examines how these characteristics and structures influence the construction and performance of citizenship in an authoritarian environment. Specificall…
NGO Strategies in an Authoritarian Context, and Their Implications for Citizenship: The Case of the People's Republic of China
Inclusive Growth, Development and Welfare Policy: A Critical Assessment
Selected Contents: 1. The Paradigms of Inclusive Growth, and Welfare Policy Reza Hasmath 2. Inequality and Growth - New Evidence and Policy Implications Pier Carlo Padoan 3. Does Domestic Welfare Reform Spill into Assistance Overseas? The South Korean Case Pil Ho Kim and Woojin Jung 4. in Transition: Lessons from Central and South Asia Shailaja Fennell 5. China's Development - A Model of Inclusion? Jennifer Y.J. Hsu 6. The Beijing Consensus as a …
NGO Governance and Management in China
1. Governing and Managing NGOs in China: An Introduction Jennifer Y.J. Hsu and Reza Hasmath 2. The Politics of Space, State and NGOs in China Jennifer Y.J. Hsu 3. The Emergence of an Autonomous Social Sector in China Bingzhong Gao Xun-xiang Xia 4. Mapping the Dynamics of Civil Society in China: A Modal Analysis of Trends in the NGO Sector Shawn Shieh 5. The Evolution of a Collaborative Governance Model: Social Service Outsourcing to Civil Society…
NGO Strategies in an Authoritarian Context, and Their Implications for Citizenship: The Case of the People’s Republic of China
This study argues that different cities in China have different resource environments available for NGOs. Organizations react to these resource environments by constructing appropriate resource strategies, which in turn shape the characteristics and structures of the NGOs of that city. It further examines how these characteristics and structures influence the construction and performance of citizenship in an authoritarian environment. Specificall…
The Local Corporatist State and NGO Relations in China
This article examines the Chinese state's interactions and influences on the development of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) through a corporatist framework. It suggests that not only is the central state actively involved in the development of NGOs, but increasingly the successes of NGOs are determined by their interactions with the local state. We profile NGOs in Shanghai, of varying sizes, budgets and issue-areas, as a case study to under…
The evolution of policy experimentation in China
Scholars credit policy experimentation with China’s economic reforms and authoritarian resilience. This article traces the evolution of experimentation through the prism of varying motivations, such as individual career incentives, improving governance, and symbolic and factional politics. Despite the benefits, there has been a notable reduction in experimentation under Xi Jinping, creating disincentives to innovate at the local level. Neverthele…
Conceptualizing government-organized non-governmental organizations
This article offers a conceptual framework to identify and analyse the contemporary behaviour of the paradoxical government-organized, non-governmental organization (GONGO). We discuss how GONGOs’ activities fit within mainstream civil society theories and traditions. Furthermore, we compare and analyse GONGOs and NGOs in terms of their sources of power, main activities and functions, and dilemmas. Finally, we theorize the effects, and implicatio…
A maturing civil society in China? The role of knowledge and professionalization in the development of NGOs
This article suggests that Chinese NGOs do not have the conviction that they are part of an epistemic community in mainland China. Interviews conducted in four cities, Chongqing, Kunming, Nanjing and Shanghai, suggest that this can be attributed to a lack of set standards and professionalization governing their sector of operation. Further, the study finds that Chinese NGOs do not see knowledge production as their primary role within their organi…
Navigating Uncertainty: The Survival Strategies of Religious NGOs in China
This article looks at the strategies religious non-governmental organizations (RNGOs) with strong transnational linkages use to maintain a continued presence in mainland China. It does so by utilizing neo-institutional theory as an instrument for analysis, with an emphasis on outlining the coercive, mimetic, and normative pressures RNGOs face. One of the key findings of the study is that there is creative circumvention of isomorphic pressures by …
The big payoff? Educational and occupational attainments of ethnic minorities in Beijing: (Winner Eadi prize 2007)
Exploring political personalities: The micro‐foundation of local policy innovation in China
This article argues that policymakers' individual attributes influence their willingness to engage in policy innovation, and that this influence is responsive to, but not determined by, changes in the institutional structure. We derive these findings by employing principal component analysis of original data from surveys of local policymakers in China, to inductively locate different personalities. We find statistically significant personalities …
What explains the rise of majority–minority tensions and conflict in Xinjiang
In the past few years there has been a rise of inter-ethnic violence in China. While ethno-cultural repression and ineffective state policies are correctly attributed as key culprits behind this reality, this article suggests that socio-economic factors play a fundamental contributory role as well. Using the Xinjiang case, the article maps ethnic tensions and violence as a manifestation and expression of a growing and heightened ethno-cultural co…
Deterring the ‘boat people: Explaining the Australian government's People Swap response to asylum seekers
This article examines why Australia has taken a tough stance on 'boat people', through an analysis of the Malaysian People Swap response. The findings support the view that populism, wedge politics and a culture of control drive Australia's asylum-seeker policy agenda. The article further argues that these political pressures hold numerous negative implications for the tone of Australia's political debate and the quality of policy formulation, as…
The Incentive to Innovate? The Behavior of Local Policymakers in China
The discursive construction and performance of gendered identity on social media
This article looks at the construction and performance of gendered identity through a sub-section of Facebook web pages belonging to the Slut Walk movement. The authors' analysis suggests that gender is constructed through the subjects' participation in the 'post-feminist masquerade' through which their gendered identity is defined in relation to a hegemonic masculine ideal. This situates the web pages within a space characterized through the amb…
Volunteerism and democratic learning in an authoritarian state: The case of China
Extant literature on civic participation in Western democracies demonstrates a linear relationship between increased civic participation and a stronger democracy. In general, the scholarly debate revolves around the precise causal mechanisms for this relationship: holding government accountable; citizens learning "democratic skills", such as collective mobilization and advocacy; and, building social capital and trust to overcome the dilemma of co…
The contemporary ethnic minority in China: An Introduction
This article introduces the historical context behind the practice of fixed ethnic identification currently employed in the People’s Republic of China. Notwithstanding the major problems to clearly delineate the boundaries of many ethnic groups in the Chinese context, the article contends there was a strong pragmatism for officially classifying ethnic minority groups rather than adopting the self-identification method used in many Western nations…
A Comparative Study of Minority Development in China and Canada
When examining ethnic minorities' educational attainments in urban China and Canada, they outperform or are on par with the non-minority population. However, when analyzing high-wage, education-intens
The Construction and Performance of Citizenship in Contemporary China
Citizenship education has been an explicit part of the universal education system in contemporary China. Using data from an original nationwide survey conducted in 2018, this study tests the hypothesis that the longer the intensity of exposure to citizenship education, the more citizens are influenced by a state-led conception of citizenship characterized by passive obedience and loyalty to the state. The study finds mixed results in that citizen…
Beyond Special Privileges: The Discretionary Treatment of Ethnic Minorities in China's Welfare System
The social welfare of ethnic minorities is a contested subject with a deep politicalised history in contemporary China. This article uses a new large dataset solely looking at ethnic minorities in China, to analyse the impact and outcomes that new urban social and welfare schemes - with notable attention to the basic medical insurance, and the minimum livelihood guarantee allowance (dibao) - have on the livelihoods of minorities. The data suggest…
Job acquisition, retention, and outcomes for ethnic minorities in urban China
This article estimates wage differentials between ethnic minorities and the Han majority in China. While Han-minority wage differentials estimated with regression analysis demonstrate little evidence for ethnic minority disadvantages, evidence looking at the process of ethnic minority job acquisition and retention suggests that minorities perceive they are at a disadvantage in the job search process. The article assesses potential factors for per…
Holding up Half the Sky? Ethno-Gender Labour Market Outcomes in China
Studies looking at gender and ethnic minority outcomes in China’s labour market have generally suggested that women and minorities are separately experiencing a wage disadvantage relative to males and the Han majority, respectively. But, what is the experience of this combined cohort, ethnic minority women? Using data from China’s 2005 one percent mini-census, this article discerns ethno-gender labour market outcomes by factoring education, labou…
When a joke is more than a joke: Humor as a form of networked practice in the Chinese cyber public sphere
Received wisdom views political humor, viz. egao, in the Chinese cyber public sphere as a form of resistance. This study creates and tests a framework that best conceptualizes how different functions of egao are connected with one another: to analyze the patterns of ties that link the different facets of the phenomenon together. The study contends that by framing egao within network society theory, we can appreciate its fluidity and better unders…
The education of ethnic minorities in Beijing
This article investigates the operations of minority schools, and the subsequent on-the-ground experiences of ethnic minorities in Beijing at the primary, secondary and tertiary levels. The article suggests that the 'inter-sectionality' of ethnic identities, particularly minority-majority, rich-poor and urban-rural, must be factored in when examining the varying differences between minorities who have graduated from Beijing's minority schools and…
The operations of contemporary Han Chinese privilege
This article discusses the conceptual underpinnings and performance of Han Chinese privilege in the People's Republic of China. It suggests that Han Chinese privilege has gained salience from specific public policies and philosophies of governance. This is aptly viewed across a range of sites, including the labour market and media, and involves state institutions and micro-level everyday interactions between the Han Chinese and the ethnic minorit…
Future Responses to Managing Muslim Ethnic Minorities in China: Lessons Learned from Global Approaches to Improving Inter-Ethnic Relations
Current policies to manage ethnic minority unrest in Xinjiang are not working, and do not address the core root causes behind ethnic tensions. Drawing upon lessons learned from global approaches to improving inter-ethnic relations, and factoring in China’s institutional behaviour and norms, this essay looks at policy responses that could be entertained by the state to improve the conditions of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang. It suggests that in th…
A Community of Practice for Chinese NGOs
Citizens’ Expectations for Crisis Management and the Involvement of Civil Society Organisations in China
Chinese citizens are relatively happy with the state's management of national disasters and emergencies. However, they are increasingly concluding that the state alone cannot manage them. Leveraging the 2018 and 2020 Civic Participation in China Surveys, we find that more educated citizens conclude that the government has a leading role in crisis management, but there is ample room for civil society organisations (CSOs) to act in a complementary …
The Paradox of Ethnic Minority Development in Beijing
The educational attainments of Beijing's permanent ethnic minority population out perform or are on par with the dominant, local Hans. Yet, the Han demographic disproportionately dominates the high-wage, education-intensive employment sectors. What accounts for this paradox? What does this signify regarding the management of ethnic difference in the capital city? And how do we improve this situation? Drawing upon recent research, this paper will …
NGOs in China: Issues of Good Governance and Accountability
Drawing on interviews conducted among leading local and international NGOs operating in China, this article examines how NGOs understand and implement good governance and accountability principles and practices. It also examines how Chinese constituents and the general public perceive local and international NGOs. The discussion provides a basis on which to assess ways of improving governance and accountability practices for NGOs operating in Chi…
Race and the City: Chinese Canadian and Chinese American Political Mobilization (review)
Reviewed by: Race and the City: Chinese Canadian and Chinese American Political Mobilization Reza Hasmath Shanti Fernando . Race and the City: Chinese Canadian and Chinese American Political Mobilization. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2006. 173 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $29.95 sc. Shanti Fernando's book examines how the Canadian and American political systems have dealt with the increasing multi-ethnic makeup of both nati…
The big payoff? Educational and occupational attainments of ethnic minorities in Beijing: (Winner Eadi prize 2007)
A Comparative Study of Minority Development in China and Canada
When examining ethnic minorities' educational attainments in urban China and Canada, they outperform or are on par with the non-minority population. However, when analyzing high-wage, education-intens
The Ethnic Penalty: Immigration, Education and the Labour Market
The Ethnic Penalty argues that a penalty has impeded the occupational success of ethnic minorities during the job search, hiring and promotion process. In this context, the book examines whether explanatory factors such as discrimination, an individual's social network, a firm's working culture, and a community's social trust are major contributing reasons behind this apparent penalty, whilst also making suggestions for improvement for visible et…
The education of ethnic minorities in Beijing
This article investigates the operations of minority schools, and the subsequent on-the-ground experiences of ethnic minorities in Beijing at the primary, secondary and tertiary levels. The article suggests that the 'inter-sectionality' of ethnic identities, particularly minority-majority, rich-poor and urban-rural, must be factored in when examining the varying differences between minorities who have graduated from Beijing's minority schools and…
The Chinese Corporatist State: Adaption, Survival and Resistance
Foreword, David Goodman 1. The Changing Faces of State Corporatism, Jennifer Y. J. Hsu and Reza Hasmath 2. Joining Forces to Save the Nation: Corporate Educational Governance in Republican China, Barbara Schulte 3. A Self-Defeating Secret Weapon? The Institutional Limitations of Corporatism on United Front Work, Gerry Groot 4. Collective Wage Bargaining and State-Corporatism in Contemporary China, Xian Huang 5. Keep Business to Business: Associat…
Deterring the ‘boat people: Explaining the Australian government's People Swap response to asylum seekers
This article examines why Australia has taken a tough stance on 'boat people', through an analysis of the Malaysian People Swap response. The findings support the view that populism, wedge politics and a culture of control drive Australia's asylum-seeker policy agenda. The article further argues that these political pressures hold numerous negative implications for the tone of Australia's political debate and the quality of policy formulation, as…
Navigating Uncertainty: The Survival Strategies of Religious NGOs in China
Isomorphic Pressures, Epistemic Communities and State–NGO Collaboration in China
This article suggests that the lack of meaningful collaboration between the state and NGOs in China is not solely a result of the state seeking to restrict the development of the sector, or the fear of a potential opposing actor to the state; instead, interviews with NGOs in Beijing and Shanghai suggest that a lack of meaningful engagement between the state and NGOs can be partially attributed to isomorphic pressures within state–NGO relations, a…
Social Development: Theory and Practice , by James Midgley
Social development can be a nebulous concept with varying definitions and usages, often depending on the speaker’s positionality. James Midgley’s newest book clarifies any potential confusion by ca
The Local Corporatist State and NGO Relations in China
This article examines the Chinese state's interactions and influences on the development of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) through a corporatist framework. It suggests that not only is the central state actively involved in the development of NGOs, but increasingly the successes of NGOs are determined by their interactions with the local state. We profile NGOs in Shanghai, of varying sizes, budgets and issue-areas, as a case study to under…
The discursive construction and performance of gendered identity on social media
This article looks at the construction and performance of gendered identity through a sub-section of Facebook web pages belonging to the Slut Walk movement. The authors' analysis suggests that gender is constructed through the subjects' participation in the 'post-feminist masquerade' through which their gendered identity is defined in relation to a hegemonic masculine ideal. This situates the web pages within a space characterized through the amb…
NGO Strategies in an Authoritarian Context, and Their Implications for Citizenship: The Case of the People's Republic of China
Inclusive Growth, Development and Welfare Policy: A Critical Assessment
Selected Contents: 1. The Paradigms of Inclusive Growth, and Welfare Policy Reza Hasmath 2. Inequality and Growth - New Evidence and Policy Implications Pier Carlo Padoan 3. Does Domestic Welfare Reform Spill into Assistance Overseas? The South Korean Case Pil Ho Kim and Woojin Jung 4. in Transition: Lessons from Central and South Asia Shailaja Fennell 5. China's Development - A Model of Inclusion? Jennifer Y.J. Hsu 6. The Beijing Consensus as a …
NGO Governance and Management in China
1. Governing and Managing NGOs in China: An Introduction Jennifer Y.J. Hsu and Reza Hasmath 2. The Politics of Space, State and NGOs in China Jennifer Y.J. Hsu 3. The Emergence of an Autonomous Social Sector in China Bingzhong Gao Xun-xiang Xia 4. Mapping the Dynamics of Civil Society in China: A Modal Analysis of Trends in the NGO Sector Shawn Shieh 5. The Evolution of a Collaborative Governance Model: Social Service Outsourcing to Civil Society…
Navigating Uncertainty: The Survival Strategies of Religious NGOs in China
This article looks at the strategies religious non-governmental organizations (RNGOs) with strong transnational linkages use to maintain a continued presence in mainland China. It does so by utilizing neo-institutional theory as an instrument for analysis, with an emphasis on outlining the coercive, mimetic, and normative pressures RNGOs face. One of the key findings of the study is that there is creative circumvention of isomorphic pressures by …
Job acquisition, retention, and outcomes for ethnic minorities in urban China
This article estimates wage differentials between ethnic minorities and the Han majority in China. While Han-minority wage differentials estimated with regression analysis demonstrate little evidence for ethnic minority disadvantages, evidence looking at the process of ethnic minority job acquisition and retention suggests that minorities perceive they are at a disadvantage in the job search process. The article assesses potential factors for per…
The contemporary ethnic minority in China: An Introduction
This article introduces the historical context behind the practice of fixed ethnic identification currently employed in the People’s Republic of China. Notwithstanding the major problems to clearly delineate the boundaries of many ethnic groups in the Chinese context, the article contends there was a strong pragmatism for officially classifying ethnic minority groups rather than adopting the self-identification method used in many Western nations…
The Ethnic Penalty: Immigration, Education and the Labour Market
Populations of visible ethnic minorities have steadily increased over the past few decades in immigrant-receptive societies. While a complex calculus of push and pull factors has motivated this increase, one of the main impetuses for this migration has been the search for employment, better wages and a higher standard of living. It is therefore not surprising that the educational attainments of the first generation and beyond have achieved conver…
NGO Strategies in an Authoritarian Context, and Their Implications for Citizenship: The Case of the People’s Republic of China
This study argues that different cities in China have different resource environments available for NGOs. Organizations react to these resource environments by constructing appropriate resource strategies, which in turn shape the characteristics and structures of the NGOs of that city. It further examines how these characteristics and structures influence the construction and performance of citizenship in an authoritarian environment. Specificall…
When a joke is more than a joke: Humor as a form of networked practice in the Chinese cyber public sphere
Received wisdom views political humor, viz. egao, in the Chinese cyber public sphere as a form of resistance. This study creates and tests a framework that best conceptualizes how different functions of egao are connected with one another: to analyze the patterns of ties that link the different facets of the phenomenon together. The study contends that by framing egao within network society theory, we can appreciate its fluidity and better unders…
The impact of the European Union’s policy towards China’s intellectual property regime
This article evaluates the effectiveness of two major European Union technical assistance programmes, IPR2 and IP Key, in shaping China’s regional intellectual property (IP) enforcement. It argues that although technical assistance programmes have been effective in influencing the national IP legal framework, it has been less successful in assisting regional policy enforcement. This is primarily the result of divergent economic priorities at the …
The Incentive to Innovate? The Behavior of Local Policymakers in China
Political science (39 works) · China (29 works) · Law (29 works) · Sociology (26 works) · Law (20 works) · Economics (19 works) · Politics (18 works) · China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance (14 works) · Ethnic group (12 works) · Religion, Society, and Development (11 works)