Jacques Connan
Biographic Data
| ID | 168536 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Jacques Connan |
| GIVEN NAMES | Jacques |
| FAMILY NAME | Connan |
| SIGNATURE | CONNAN J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Université de Strasbourg |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9406-3875 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 30 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 354 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 30 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1993 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 11 |
Geochemical study of bituminous mixtures from sickles of the Pre-pottery neolithic B site of Motza (Israel)
Natural asphalt on Late Neolithic (5000–4500 BCE) potsherds from southeastern Albania
Nine archaeological bituminous potsherds from the Neolithic of Maliq and Kamnik (5000–4500 BCE) in Albania were geochemically compared for the first time to four natural asphalts from the famous present-day mine of Selenicë. The bitumen on potsherds originates from Selenicë, a unique source in Albania and the southern Balkans. Carbon isotopes on the asphaltene chromatographic fraction confirm that the bitumen on the potsherds came from Selenicë. …
Geochemical study of the luting and coating of medieval watercraft from the ship timbers discovered in the citadel of al-Balīd, Oman
Geochemistry and origin of bituminous samples of Kuriki Höyük (SE Turkey) from 4000 BCE to 200 CE
Geochemical analysis of bitumen from West Asian torpedo jars from the c. 8th century Phanom-Surin shipwreck in Thailand
The bitumen of Tell Brak from the Middle Uruk (c.3500 BC) to Late Bronze Age (c.1280 BC)
13 archaeological samples, dated from the Middle Uruk period (c.3500 BC) to the Late Bronze age (c.1280 BC), were analyzed by geochemical techniques in order to identify bitumen and to attempt to find its origin. Extracts do show that the samples are characteristic archaeological bitumens. Bitumens of Tell Brak were compared to some other archaeological asphalts, to crude oils and natural asphalts. Utilization of carbon isotopes on asphaltenes an…
Frankincense and bitumen of the middle period (1st century-5th century AD) from the ancient Harbour of Qâni’ (Yemen)
International audience
Identification of two bitumen pieces from the Neolithic (Vth millennium BC) at al-Buhais 18 (Sharjah)
small pieces Table
Chemical analyses of Egyptian mummification balms and organic residues from storage jars dated from the Old Kingdom to the Copto-Byzantine period
Sourcing archaeological asphaltum (bitumen) from the California Channel Islands to submarine seeps
Molecular evidence of bitumen in the Mousterian lithic assemblage of Hummal (Central Syria)
First molecular identification of a hafting adhesive in the Late Howiesons Poort at Diepkloof Rock Shelter (Western Cape, South Africa)
Molecular data
Molecular studies of archaeological remains using a fractionation scheme of organic extracts and mass spectrometric techniques (GC-MS) allow identification of specific biomarkers. Such components are likely to provide information about the type of organic substances present and, more extensively on their history. In this paper, special emphasis has been put on the necessity for precise structural identification to distinguish beeswax and cuticula…
La pirogue gallo-romaine de Sassenay (Saône-et-Loire)
Une pirogue monoxyle gallo-romaine a été découverte en 2007 dans la Saône, lors d’une prospection subaquatique à Sassenay. Il s’agit d’un des rares témoins de cette famille architecturale pour la période dans le bassin rhodanien. Mesurant 8,40 m de longueur, l’embarcation en chêne apparaît particulièrement cintrée
Taxonomic characterisation of fresh Dipterocarpaceae resins by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
The 9th-Century-AD Belitung Wreck, Indonesia
The 9th-century-AD Belitung wreck was discovered in 1998 in the Java Sea. Construction techniques rapidly confirmed that it was unlike any known Chinese or Southeast Asian vessel. The uncertainty about its origins was resolved in 2008 by timber identifications: it was constructed in the Middle East (probably Oman or Yemen). This paper, on the characterization of a dammar resin lump collected in the vicinity of the wreck, supplies additional evide…
An overview of bitumen trade in the Near East from the Neolithic ( c. 8000 BC) to the early Islamic period
The aim of the paper is to summarise the present state of knowledge concerning bitumen trade in the Near East from the Palaeolithic (70,000 BP) to the Early Islamic period. During the Palaeolithic and Early Neolithic period, bitumen utilisation was mostly concentrated in settlements close to oil seeps. From the Ubaid 3 period, bitumen from the Mosul area became more important and was traded as far as the southern Persian Gulf. The Uruk period is …
Les bateaux du pont romain de Chalon-sur-Saône (Saône-et-Loire)
Bei den archäologischen Untersuchungen an der römischen Brücke von Chalon-sur-Saône wurden 1996 zwei Wasserfahrzeuge entdeckt, die Mitte des 1. Jh. n. Chr. am Mittelpfeiler der ersten Brücke gesunken waren. Mit 15,50 m in der Länge und einer Breite von 1,62 m entspricht das besser erhaltene Fahrzeug einem Einbaum außergewöhnlicher Größe. Das andere Wasserfahrzeug des Typs Lastkahn muss ursprünglich 14 m bis 18 m in der Länge und 2,30 m in der Bre…
From Susa to Anuradhapura
In contrast with artefactual studies of long‐distance trade and exchange in South Asia during the Prehistoric and Early Historic periods ( Ardika et al. 1993 ; Gogte 1997 ; Krishnan and Coningham 1997 ; Tomber 2000 ; Gupta et al. 2001 ; Ford et al. 2005 ), few scientifically orientated analyses have focused on artefacts from the region's Historic period. During excavations at the ancient city of Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka, a number of buff ware cera…
New Evidence for Significant Use of Bitumen in Middle Palaeolithic Technical Systems at Umm el Tlel (Syria) around 70,000 BP
Mousterian tools with traces of bitumen on their surfaces discovered at Umm el Tlel (Syria) have been dated to 40,000 years (BP). Until now tools with traces of bitumen were known only from the 8th millennium BC, but this new discovery shows usage 30,000 years earlier. Mousterian complex VI 3, dated to 71,000-72,000 BP, has yielded fragments of black cobbles and eleven Levallois artefacts with traces of black material demonstrated to be bituminou…
Middle Palaeolithic bitumen use at Umm el Tlel around 70 000 BP
The authors identify natural bitumen on stone implements dating to 70 000 BP. It is proposed that this represents residue from hafting, taking the practice back a further 30 000 years from the date previously noted and published inNature. The bitumen was tracked to a source 40km away, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and carbon isotopes
A geochemical study of bituminous mixtures from Failaka and Umm an‐Namel (Kuwait), from the Early Dilmun to the Early Islamic period
This paper is the last in a series presenting geochemical analyses of fragments of bituminous mixtures excavated from archaeological sites in Kuwait. The first was devoted to bituminous boat remains from the Ubaid‐related Neolithic site of H3, As‐Sabiyah, while the second dealt with bituminous amalgams from the Partho‐Sasanian site of c Akkaz, a former island now joined to the south side of Kuwait Bay. This, the third, refers to bitumen‐bearing s…
The canopic jars of Rameses II
Southern Asia's Oldest Incendiary Missile
A small burnt ball was recovered in 1995 from the basal fills of a ditch surrounding the Bala Hisar, or High Fort, of Charsadda, Pakistan. Associated by Sir Mortimer Wheeler with the siege of the ancient site by Alexander the Great in 327 bce , the ditch forms part of the city's defensive circuit. Using geochemical and microscopic techniques (X‐ray diffraction, micro‐FTIR, SEM and GC–MS) the ball is identified as an artificial composite of minera…
A comparative geochemical study of bituminous boat remains from H3, As‐Sabiyah (Kuwait), and RJ‐2, Ra's al‐Jinz (Oman)
This paper presents a geochemical analysis of fragments of bituminous amalgam from H3, As‐Sabiyah (Kuwait), and RJ‐2, Ra's al‐Jinz (Oman). The fragments bear barnacles on one side and reed impressions on the other, and are thought to have been part of the coating of reed‐bundle boats. The material from H3 dates to between 5300–4900 BC, while that of RJ‐2 dates to 2500–2100 BC. Samples from both sites were geochemically compared to archaeological …
First molecular identification of a hafting adhesive in the Late Howiesons Poort at Diepkloof Rock Shelter (Western Cape, South Africa)
Molecular evidence of bitumen in the Mousterian lithic assemblage of Hummal (Central Syria)
New Evidence for Significant Use of Bitumen in Middle Palaeolithic Technical Systems at Umm el Tlel (Syria) around 70,000 BP
Mousterian tools with traces of bitumen on their surfaces discovered at Umm el Tlel (Syria) have been dated to 40,000 years (BP). Until now tools with traces of bitumen were known only from the 8th millennium BC, but this new discovery shows usage 30,000 years earlier. Mousterian complex VI 3, dated to 71,000-72,000 BP, has yielded fragments of black cobbles and eleven Levallois artefacts with traces of black material demonstrated to be bituminou…
From Susa to Anuradhapura
In contrast with artefactual studies of long‐distance trade and exchange in South Asia during the Prehistoric and Early Historic periods ( Ardika et al. 1993 ; Gogte 1997 ; Krishnan and Coningham 1997 ; Tomber 2000 ; Gupta et al. 2001 ; Ford et al. 2005 ), few scientifically orientated analyses have focused on artefacts from the region's Historic period. During excavations at the ancient city of Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka, a number of buff ware cera…
Conifer tar on the keel and hull planking of the Ma'agan Mikhael Ship (Israel, 5th century BC)
Chemical analyses of Egyptian mummification balms and organic residues from storage jars dated from the Old Kingdom to the Copto-Byzantine period
Middle Palaeolithic bitumen use at Umm el Tlel around 70 000 BP
The authors identify natural bitumen on stone implements dating to 70 000 BP. It is proposed that this represents residue from hafting, taking the practice back a further 30 000 years from the date previously noted and published inNature. The bitumen was tracked to a source 40km away, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and carbon isotopes
An overview of bitumen trade in the Near East from the Neolithic ( c. 8000 BC) to the early Islamic period
The aim of the paper is to summarise the present state of knowledge concerning bitumen trade in the Near East from the Palaeolithic (70,000 BP) to the Early Islamic period. During the Palaeolithic and Early Neolithic period, bitumen utilisation was mostly concentrated in settlements close to oil seeps. From the Ubaid 3 period, bitumen from the Mosul area became more important and was traded as far as the southern Persian Gulf. The Uruk period is …
Sourcing archaeological asphaltum (bitumen) from the California Channel Islands to submarine seeps
The canopic jars of Rameses II
The archaeological bitumens of Bahrain from the Early Dilmun period (c.2200 BC) to the sixteenth century AD
International audience
A comparative geochemical study of bituminous boat remains from H3, As‐Sabiyah (Kuwait), and RJ‐2, Ra's al‐Jinz (Oman)
This paper presents a geochemical analysis of fragments of bituminous amalgam from H3, As‐Sabiyah (Kuwait), and RJ‐2, Ra's al‐Jinz (Oman). The fragments bear barnacles on one side and reed impressions on the other, and are thought to have been part of the coating of reed‐bundle boats. The material from H3 dates to between 5300–4900 BC, while that of RJ‐2 dates to 2500–2100 BC. Samples from both sites were geochemically compared to archaeological …
Geochemical analysis of bitumen from West Asian torpedo jars from the c. 8th century Phanom-Surin shipwreck in Thailand
Taxonomic characterisation of fresh Dipterocarpaceae resins by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
A geochemical study of bituminous mixtures from Failaka and Umm an‐Namel (Kuwait), from the Early Dilmun to the Early Islamic period
This paper is the last in a series presenting geochemical analyses of fragments of bituminous mixtures excavated from archaeological sites in Kuwait. The first was devoted to bituminous boat remains from the Ubaid‐related Neolithic site of H3, As‐Sabiyah, while the second dealt with bituminous amalgams from the Partho‐Sasanian site of c Akkaz, a former island now joined to the south side of Kuwait Bay. This, the third, refers to bitumen‐bearing s…
Bitumen in Early Ceramic Art
The paper presents the results of a chemical analysis of black pigment used to decorate pottery from Late Neolithic Tell Sabi Abyad, northern Syria (c. 6100 cal bc ). The pigment appears to be bitumen. A comparison with known reference samples from modern locations of bituminous sources in the Near East suggests that the bitumen used to paint ceramics at Tell Sabi Abyad came from at least two different source areas in northern Iraq. The bitumen‐p…
The 9th-Century-AD Belitung Wreck, Indonesia
The 9th-century-AD Belitung wreck was discovered in 1998 in the Java Sea. Construction techniques rapidly confirmed that it was unlike any known Chinese or Southeast Asian vessel. The uncertainty about its origins was resolved in 2008 by timber identifications: it was constructed in the Middle East (probably Oman or Yemen). This paper, on the characterization of a dammar resin lump collected in the vicinity of the wreck, supplies additional evide…
De la géochimie pétrolière à l’étude des bitumes anciens
Bitumen as a hafting material on Middle Palaeolithic artefacts
The archaeological bitumens of Bahrain from the Early Dilmun period (c.2200 BC) to the sixteenth century AD
International audience
Conifer tar on the keel and hull planking of the Ma'agan Mikhael Ship (Israel, 5th century BC)
Bitumen in Early Ceramic Art
The paper presents the results of a chemical analysis of black pigment used to decorate pottery from Late Neolithic Tell Sabi Abyad, northern Syria (c. 6100 cal bc ). The pigment appears to be bitumen. A comparison with known reference samples from modern locations of bituminous sources in the Near East suggests that the bitumen used to paint ceramics at Tell Sabi Abyad came from at least two different source areas in northern Iraq. The bitumen‐p…
A comparative geochemical study of bituminous boat remains from H3, As‐Sabiyah (Kuwait), and RJ‐2, Ra's al‐Jinz (Oman)
This paper presents a geochemical analysis of fragments of bituminous amalgam from H3, As‐Sabiyah (Kuwait), and RJ‐2, Ra's al‐Jinz (Oman). The fragments bear barnacles on one side and reed impressions on the other, and are thought to have been part of the coating of reed‐bundle boats. The material from H3 dates to between 5300–4900 BC, while that of RJ‐2 dates to 2500–2100 BC. Samples from both sites were geochemically compared to archaeological …
The canopic jars of Rameses II
Southern Asia's Oldest Incendiary Missile
A small burnt ball was recovered in 1995 from the basal fills of a ditch surrounding the Bala Hisar, or High Fort, of Charsadda, Pakistan. Associated by Sir Mortimer Wheeler with the siege of the ancient site by Alexander the Great in 327 bce , the ditch forms part of the city's defensive circuit. Using geochemical and microscopic techniques (X‐ray diffraction, micro‐FTIR, SEM and GC–MS) the ball is identified as an artificial composite of minera…
A geochemical study of bituminous mixtures from Failaka and Umm an‐Namel (Kuwait), from the Early Dilmun to the Early Islamic period
This paper is the last in a series presenting geochemical analyses of fragments of bituminous mixtures excavated from archaeological sites in Kuwait. The first was devoted to bituminous boat remains from the Ubaid‐related Neolithic site of H3, As‐Sabiyah, while the second dealt with bituminous amalgams from the Partho‐Sasanian site of c Akkaz, a former island now joined to the south side of Kuwait Bay. This, the third, refers to bitumen‐bearing s…
From Susa to Anuradhapura
In contrast with artefactual studies of long‐distance trade and exchange in South Asia during the Prehistoric and Early Historic periods ( Ardika et al. 1993 ; Gogte 1997 ; Krishnan and Coningham 1997 ; Tomber 2000 ; Gupta et al. 2001 ; Ford et al. 2005 ), few scientifically orientated analyses have focused on artefacts from the region's Historic period. During excavations at the ancient city of Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka, a number of buff ware cera…
New Evidence for Significant Use of Bitumen in Middle Palaeolithic Technical Systems at Umm el Tlel (Syria) around 70,000 BP
Mousterian tools with traces of bitumen on their surfaces discovered at Umm el Tlel (Syria) have been dated to 40,000 years (BP). Until now tools with traces of bitumen were known only from the 8th millennium BC, but this new discovery shows usage 30,000 years earlier. Mousterian complex VI 3, dated to 71,000-72,000 BP, has yielded fragments of black cobbles and eleven Levallois artefacts with traces of black material demonstrated to be bituminou…
Middle Palaeolithic bitumen use at Umm el Tlel around 70 000 BP
The authors identify natural bitumen on stone implements dating to 70 000 BP. It is proposed that this represents residue from hafting, taking the practice back a further 30 000 years from the date previously noted and published inNature. The bitumen was tracked to a source 40km away, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and carbon isotopes
Les bateaux du pont romain de Chalon-sur-Saône (Saône-et-Loire)
Bei den archäologischen Untersuchungen an der römischen Brücke von Chalon-sur-Saône wurden 1996 zwei Wasserfahrzeuge entdeckt, die Mitte des 1. Jh. n. Chr. am Mittelpfeiler der ersten Brücke gesunken waren. Mit 15,50 m in der Länge und einer Breite von 1,62 m entspricht das besser erhaltene Fahrzeug einem Einbaum außergewöhnlicher Größe. Das andere Wasserfahrzeug des Typs Lastkahn muss ursprünglich 14 m bis 18 m in der Länge und 2,30 m in der Bre…
The 9th-Century-AD Belitung Wreck, Indonesia
The 9th-century-AD Belitung wreck was discovered in 1998 in the Java Sea. Construction techniques rapidly confirmed that it was unlike any known Chinese or Southeast Asian vessel. The uncertainty about its origins was resolved in 2008 by timber identifications: it was constructed in the Middle East (probably Oman or Yemen). This paper, on the characterization of a dammar resin lump collected in the vicinity of the wreck, supplies additional evide…
An overview of bitumen trade in the Near East from the Neolithic ( c. 8000 BC) to the early Islamic period
The aim of the paper is to summarise the present state of knowledge concerning bitumen trade in the Near East from the Palaeolithic (70,000 BP) to the Early Islamic period. During the Palaeolithic and Early Neolithic period, bitumen utilisation was mostly concentrated in settlements close to oil seeps. From the Ubaid 3 period, bitumen from the Mosul area became more important and was traded as far as the southern Persian Gulf. The Uruk period is …
Molecular data
Molecular studies of archaeological remains using a fractionation scheme of organic extracts and mass spectrometric techniques (GC-MS) allow identification of specific biomarkers. Such components are likely to provide information about the type of organic substances present and, more extensively on their history. In this paper, special emphasis has been put on the necessity for precise structural identification to distinguish beeswax and cuticula…
La pirogue gallo-romaine de Sassenay (Saône-et-Loire)
Une pirogue monoxyle gallo-romaine a été découverte en 2007 dans la Saône, lors d’une prospection subaquatique à Sassenay. Il s’agit d’un des rares témoins de cette famille architecturale pour la période dans le bassin rhodanien. Mesurant 8,40 m de longueur, l’embarcation en chêne apparaît particulièrement cintrée
Taxonomic characterisation of fresh Dipterocarpaceae resins by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
Molecular evidence of bitumen in the Mousterian lithic assemblage of Hummal (Central Syria)
First molecular identification of a hafting adhesive in the Late Howiesons Poort at Diepkloof Rock Shelter (Western Cape, South Africa)
Sourcing archaeological asphaltum (bitumen) from the California Channel Islands to submarine seeps
Identification of two bitumen pieces from the Neolithic (Vth millennium BC) at al-Buhais 18 (Sharjah)
small pieces Table
Chemical analyses of Egyptian mummification balms and organic residues from storage jars dated from the Old Kingdom to the Copto-Byzantine period
The bitumen of Tell Brak from the Middle Uruk (c.3500 BC) to Late Bronze Age (c.1280 BC)
13 archaeological samples, dated from the Middle Uruk period (c.3500 BC) to the Late Bronze age (c.1280 BC), were analyzed by geochemical techniques in order to identify bitumen and to attempt to find its origin. Extracts do show that the samples are characteristic archaeological bitumens. Bitumens of Tell Brak were compared to some other archaeological asphalts, to crude oils and natural asphalts. Utilization of carbon isotopes on asphaltenes an…
Frankincense and bitumen of the middle period (1st century-5th century AD) from the ancient Harbour of Qâni’ (Yemen)
International audience
Archaeology (27 works) · Geography (23 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (19 works) · Geology (18 works) · Asphalt (12 works) · History (12 works) · Maritime and Coastal Archaeology (12 works) · Ancient history (11 works) · Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis (11 works) · History (7 works)