Amy R Knowlton
Biographic Data
| ID | 1730032 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Amy R Knowlton |
| GIVEN NAMES | Amy R |
| FAMILY NAME | Knowlton |
| SIGNATURE | KNOWLTON A R |
| AFFILIATIONS | Johns Hopkins University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9124-4315 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 58 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 74 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 58 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1994 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Quality of Life among Predominately African Americans with HIV Who Use Drugs: The Role of Patient-Provider Engagement in Mediating the Impacts of Depression and Healthcare Discrimination
Social support network factors associated with verbal fluency among vulnerable persons living with HIV
Vulnerable persons living with HIV (PLWH) are at high risk of cognitive impairment and challenges accessing quality social support in later life. Impaired verbal fluency (VF), a cognitive domain linked to HIV, could impede social support associated with health and well-being for already vulnerable PLWH. We examined the structure of social support, using latent class analysis, and the associations among quantity, specific forms and quality of soci…
Patient-centered Engagement as a Mediator in the Associations of Healthcare Discrimination, Pain Care Denial, and Later Substance Use Among a Sample of Predominately African Americans Living with HIV
Caregiver role strain in caring for vulnerable persons living with HIV: Correlates of caregiver and care recipient reports
Informal care of family and friends is important for the health and well-being of disadvantaged persons living with HIV (PLWH). Caregiver role strain may threaten the function and continuity of their main relationships and their health impacts. Data were from a disadvantaged, primarily African American, sample of PLWH care recipients. Caregiver role strain was operationalized as a latent factor measured by variables including PLWH's perceptions o…
Alcohol outlets, drug paraphernalia sales, and neighborhood drug overdose
Quality of Life Among Caregivers of a Vulnerable Population Living with HIV: Caregiving and Relationship Factors
A mixed-methods exploration of faith, spirituality, and health program interest among older African Americans with HIV
Emotional Communication in HIV Care: An Observational Study of Patients’ Expressed Emotions and Clinician Response
Recently released Black men’s perceptions of the impact of incarceration on sexual partnering
Evidence suggests that men with recent histories of incarceration are more likely to engage in high-risk sexual activity, however there is limited research exploring how having been recently released from prison might impact men's sexual risk behaviours or sexual partnering. This qualitative study explores the ways in which exposure to incarceration impacts the dynamics of sexual partnering among recently released Black men in Baltimore, USA. In-…
Predicting household residency among youth from vulnerable families
The interactive effects of social support and physical functioning on HIV medical outcomes among African Americans whom inject drugs
Research suggests a syndemic of substance use, mental illness, and familial conflict is associated with poor HIV medical outcomes among African American persons living with HIV (PLHIV). Social support may facilitate positive health outcomes. This study explores psychosocial correlates of HIV medical outcomes, defined as undetectable viral load (UVL) and acute care minimization. Data were from baseline of the BEACON study (N = 351). UVL was ≤40 co…
Chronic Pain Predicting Reciprocity of Support Among Vulnerable, Predominantly African-American Persons Living with HIV/Aids
Caregivers’ Support Network Characteristics Associated with Viral Suppression among HIV Care Recipients
The Relationship between Neighborhood Disorder, Social Networks, and Indoor Cigarette Smoking among Impoverished Inner-City Residents
Have You Talked about It: Advance Care Planning among African Americans Living with HIV in Baltimore
The role of chronic pain and current substance use in predicting negative social support among disadvantaged persons living with HIV/Aids
Chronic pain and substance use can strain the supportive relationships of persons with serious chronic illness, which may increase the likelihood of receiving negative, rather than positive, social support from informal caregivers and social network members. To our knowledge, this is the first study to longitudinally examine the effects of chronic pain and substance use on negative social support. The sample (N = 383) comprised disadvantaged, pri…
A tool for sexual minority mental health research: The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) as a depressive symptom severity measure for sexual minority women in Viet Nam
In a context with limited attention to mental health and prevalent sexual prejudice, valid measurements are a key first step to understanding the psychological suffering of sexual minority populations. We adapted the Patient Health Questionnaire as a depressive symptom severity measure for Vietnamese sexual minority women, ensuring its cultural relevance and suitability for internet-based research. Psychometric evaluation found that the scale is …
Psychosocial and Service Use Correlates of Health-Related Quality of Life Among a Vulnerable Population Living with HIV/Aids
Patient-Provider Engagement and Chronic Pain in Drug-Using, Primarily African American Persons Living with HIV/Aids
The Internalized Homophobia Scale for Vietnamese Sexual Minority Women: Conceptualization, Factor Structure, Reliability, and Associations With Hypothesized Correlates
Social Network Assessments and Interventions for Health Behavior Change: A Critical Review
Negative Family Treatment of Sexual Minority Women and Transmen in Vietnam: Latent Classes and Their Predictors
Quantitative research on parental/family disapproval and rejection of sexual/gender minority persons has often measured family rejection as one binary/continuous variable, or using several variables representing specific behaviors or dimensions of behaviors. Absent from this literature is analysis using a person-oriented approach, examining heterogeneity across individuals in the types of family treatment experience. Using data from 2,664 adult s…
Preferences for professional versus informal care at end of life amongst African-American drug users with HIV/Aids
With the advent of antiretroviral therapies, persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIVs) are living longer but with increased impairment and care needs. The purpose of this study was to assess whether a vulnerable population of PLHIVs preferred informal versus professional care when unable to care for themselves, and individual and support network factors associated with preference for informal care. The findings have potential implications for facilit…
Latent growth curve analyses of emotional support for informal caregivers of vulnerable persons with HIV/Aids
People living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) have growing rates of morbidity and need for informal care, especially among drug-using PLHIV. Informal caregivers, or persons providing unpaid emotional or instrumental support, have protective effects on the health and well-being of PLHIV. Research suggests that social support, including care recipients' reciprocity of emotional support, is important to sustained caregiving. This study examined HIV caregivers…
Informal HIV Caregiver Proxy Reports of Care Recipients’ Treatment Adherence: Relationship Factors Associated with Concordance with Recipients’ Viral Suppression
Norms, social networks, and HIV-related risk behaviors among urban disadvantaged drug users
Informal HIV caregiving in a vulnerable population: Toward a Network Resource Framework
My place, your place, and no place: Behavior settings as a risk factor for HIV‐related injection practices of drug users in Baltimore, Maryland
Information is sparse on the social context of illicit drug injection behaviors and their relationship to HIV infection. This study examined relationships between injection settings, injecting with others, and HIV risk behaviors of sharing needles and not cleaning contaminated needles in a sample of 630 inner‐city injecting drug users in Baltimore, MD. Through open‐ended interviews, five primary settings of injection behavior were identified. The…
Network financial support and conflict as predictors of depressive symptoms among a highly disadvantaged population
The study examined multiple dimensions of social support as predictors of depressive symptoms among a highly vulnerable population. Social network analysis was used to assess perceived and enacted dimensions of support (emotional, financial, instrumental), network conflict, closeness, and composition. Participants were 393 current and former injection drug users who were 72% ≤ poverty level, 96% African American, 39% HIV seropositive. At baseline…
Predicting household residency among youth from vulnerable families
The Internalized Homophobia Scale for Vietnamese Sexual Minority Women: Conceptualization, Factor Structure, Reliability, and Associations With Hypothesized Correlates
Have You Talked about It: Advance Care Planning among African Americans Living with HIV in Baltimore
Depression and social context: Primary supporter relationship factors associated with depressive symptoms among a disadvantaged population with HIV/Aids
Social support is associated with better health outcomes among chronically ill individuals, yet support receipt can be stressful. The study examined supporter relationship factors, among n=156 main‐supporter–HIV+support‐recipient dyads, associated with recipient's depression (CES‐D≥16). Results indicated that support recipient's depression was associated with a 3.6‐times higher odds of main supporters' depression, a 2.5‐times higher odds of suppo…
My place, your place, and no place: Behavior settings as a risk factor for HIV‐related injection practices of drug users in Baltimore, Maryland
Information is sparse on the social context of illicit drug injection behaviors and their relationship to HIV infection. This study examined relationships between injection settings, injecting with others, and HIV risk behaviors of sharing needles and not cleaning contaminated needles in a sample of 630 inner‐city injecting drug users in Baltimore, MD. Through open‐ended interviews, five primary settings of injection behavior were identified. The…
Using social network analysis to study patterns of drug use among urban drug users at high risk for HIV/Aids
Few studies have examined the current social relationships of injecting drug users. This paper examines the structural and relationship characteristics of the social networks of injecting drug users, and the relation of social network characteristics to the HIV infection risk behavior of frequency of injecting heroin and cocaine. The study sample was comprised of 293 inner city injecting drug users in Baltimore, Maryland. Most participants (89%) …
Personal network characteristics as antecedents to needle-sharing and shooting gallery attendance
Sharing of contaminated needles is one of the primary modes of HIV transmission in the US. This study sought to examine social contextual factors antecedent to needle-sharing in a sample of inner-city drug users in Baltimore, Maryland. Drug users' social context was assessed through an analysis of individual's personal networks. The sample, 330 individuals participating in an HIV-prevention study, were interviewed twice, an average of 5.2 months …
HIV and Depressive Symptoms Among Low-Income Illicit Drug Users
Longitudinal predictors of depressive symptoms among low income injection drug users
Effects of changes in physical health status and drug use, and prior social support on depressive symptoms were assessed in low income injection drug users. Data are from participants (n = 503) enrolled at baseline (1994-1995) who remained at one-year follow-up (79%), of whom 37% were HIV-positive and 36% female. Physical health was measured by HIV symptoms, AIDS, CD4 count and functional limitation (IADLs). One-third scored high on depressive sy…
Social Factors Related to Antiretroviral Therapy Use in Injection Drug Users
Injection Drug Users' Disclosure of HIV Seropositive Status to Network Members
HIV prevention among drug users: Outcome of a network-oriented peer outreach intervention.
A network-oriented HIV prevention intervention based on social identity theory and peer outreach was implemented for HIV positive and negative drug users. A community sample of 250 were randomly assigned to an equal-attention control condition or a multisession, small-group experimental condition, which encouraged peer outreach; 94% of participants were African American, and 66% used cocaine or opiates. At follow-up, 92% of participants returned,…
Hoppers and Oldheads: Qualitative Evaluation of a Volunteer Aids Outreach Intervention
Informal HIV caregiving in a vulnerable population: Toward a Network Resource Framework
Norms, social networks, and HIV-related risk behaviors among urban disadvantaged drug users
Associations between medical service use and HIV risk among HIV-positive drug users in Baltimore, MD
The objectives of this study were first, to identify psychosocial and medical service utilization factors associated with unprotected sex with HIV-negative or unknown serostatus partners among persons living with HIV/AIDS, and second, to identify risk behaviours associated with HIV medical service use. We assessed 244 HIV-positive participants in an HIV intervention targeting drug users (1997-99). Fifty-seven per cent of HIV-positive participants…
Social Support Among HIV Positive Injection Drug Users: Implications to Integrated Intervention for HIV Positives
Micro-social structural approaches to HIV prevention: A social ecological perspective
To be effective and sustainable, HIV-prevention interventions need to be sufficiently powerful to counteract prevailing social norms and diffuse through the targeted community to provide social reinforcement for behaviour change. Social structural and environmental factors are major influences on HIV-related behaviours yet the dearth of conceptualization and operationalization of these factors impede progress in intervention development. In this …
Social support networks and medical service use among HIV-positive injection drug users: Implications to intervention
The study used network analysis to identify forms and sources of social support associated with a medical services use among a medically underserved population living with HIV/AIDS. Participants were African American former or current injection drug users (n=295; 34% female, 45% current drug users and 17% AIDS diagnosed). Outcomes were access to the same medical provider, use of outpatient services and emergency room (ER) use with or without subs…
Correlates of health care utilization among HIV-seropositive injection drug users
This study sought to identify correlates of poor health care utilization among HIV-positive injection drug users (IDUs) using Andersen's behavioural health model. We used baseline data from INSPIRE, a study of HIV-positive IDUs (n=1161) to identify predisposing, enabling, and need factors related to poor utilization (defined as fewer than two outpatient visits in the past six months, or identification of emergency room (ER) as the usual place for…
Providers’ HIV Prevention Discussions with HIV-Seropositive Injection Drug Users
Externalizing Behaviors among Children of HIV Seropositive Former and Current Drug Users: Parent Support Network Factors as Social Ecological Risks
Network financial support and conflict as predictors of depressive symptoms among a highly disadvantaged population
The study examined multiple dimensions of social support as predictors of depressive symptoms among a highly vulnerable population. Social network analysis was used to assess perceived and enacted dimensions of support (emotional, financial, instrumental), network conflict, closeness, and composition. Participants were 393 current and former injection drug users who were 72% ≤ poverty level, 96% African American, 39% HIV seropositive. At baseline…
Predictors of Current Housing Status Among HIV-Seropositive Injection Drug Users (IDUs): Results from a 1-Year Study
Is Sexual Serosorting Occurring Among HIV-Positive Injection Drug Users? Comparison Between Those with HIV-Positive Partners Only, HIV-Negative Partners Only, and Those with any Partners of Unknown St…
Depression and social context: Primary supporter relationship factors associated with depressive symptoms among a disadvantaged population with HIV/Aids
Social support is associated with better health outcomes among chronically ill individuals, yet support receipt can be stressful. The study examined supporter relationship factors, among n=156 main‐supporter–HIV+support‐recipient dyads, associated with recipient's depression (CES‐D≥16). Results indicated that support recipient's depression was associated with a 3.6‐times higher odds of main supporters' depression, a 2.5‐times higher odds of suppo…
Running the Gauntlet: Right Whales and Vessel Strikes
Informal Care and Reciprocity of Support are Associated with Haart Adherence Among Men in Baltimore, MD, USA
Main partner factors associated with worse adherence to Haart among women in Baltimore, Maryland: A preliminary study
Compared to US men, US women have worse HAART and HIV health outcomes. The study examined main partner factors associated with women's HAART adherence. The community sample comprised 85% African-Americans; 63% had a main partner and 32% relied on their partner for emotional support. Adherence was highest (92%) among those without a main partner and lowest (57%) among those with an HIV seropositive main partner. In adjusted analysis, adherence was…
Medicine (53 works) · Psychology (47 works) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (46 works) · Psychiatry (39 works) · HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk (32 works) · Social Psychology (30 works) · Public health (27 works) · Health psychology (26 works) · Family medicine (25 works) · Clinical Psychology (24 works)