Oliver A Chadwick
Biographic Data
| ID | 180635 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Oliver A Chadwick |
| GIVEN NAMES | Oliver A |
| FAMILY NAME | Chadwick |
| SIGNATURE | CHADWICK O A |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of California, Santa Barbara |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4964-6203 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 20 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 106 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 20 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1988 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
People of the Sea, or of the Soil? How the Balance of Marine and Terrestrial Resource Availability Informs Maximum Population on Four Polynesian Islands
Most studies of the food resource potential of early Polynesian populations focus exclusively on agricultural potential, and specifically starchy staples, despite the importance of marine resources to the Polynesians. To more accurately estimate total precontact food resource availability, we characterized the terrestrial and near-shore marine environments of four Polynesian islands: Moʻorea, Maupiti, Mangareva and Taravai. We estimate the agricu…
Soils, agriculture, and land use in island socio‐ecosystems: Three case studies from Southeastern Polynesia
The availability of nutrient‐rich soils capable of supporting intensive cultivation was a key factor in the relative vulnerability and resilience of traditional Polynesian societies, whose economies were based on agricultural production. We tested the hypothesis that geological age was a key controlling factor in determining the nutrient status of island soils, extensively sampling soils on two islands and a small archipelago in southeastern Poly…
Soil nutrients and pre‐European contact agriculture in the leeward Kohala field system, Island of Hawai‘i
Studies in the leeward Kohala field system on Hawai‘i Island have considered the processes and timing of agricultural development associated with sociopolitical transformations and the production of agricultural surpluses. Using extensive soil sampling, we explore the use of relatively mobile and immobile soil parameters within the agricultural landscape to interpret the development and maintenance of the system over time. Results show that in th…
Soil nutrients and intensive dryland agricultural production in Kaupō, Maui, Hawaiian Islands
Farming the Rock: A biogeochemical perspective on intensive agriculture in Polynesia
In pre-contact Hawai‘i, large and intensive rainfed agricultural systems were established only where ongoing weathering of basalt-derived minerals could provide a sustained source of nutrients to crop plants. We demonstrated that the high-elevation, high- rainfall boundary of the Leeward Kohala Field System corresponded to a well-defined threshold in soil fertility, above which soils were acidic and infertile and rock weathering was depleted as a…
Pacific islands in the Anthropocene
Although the islands of remote Oceania were among the last places reached by humanity, many islands entered the Anthropocene early. Extinctions -some caused by the first people to discover islands -have been far more frequent on islands than continents, and the intensity and consequences of human-caused biological invasion, deforestation, and landscape alteration have been substantially greater as well At the same time, islands provide a useful m…
Prehistoric Obsidian Exchange on Rapa Nui
The four sources of rhyolitic obsidian on Rapa Nui (Maunga Orito, Moti Iti, Rano Kau I [Te Manavai], Rano Kau II) were differentially utilized throughout prehistory (ca. AD 1200–1860). In order to document the nature of quarry exploitation and obsidian distribution, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence was used to characterize the elemental composition of each source. The classification of 331 archaeological samples from inland habitation sites, …
Irrigated taro (Colocasia esculenta) farming in North Kohala, Hawai‘i: Sedimentology and soil nutrient analyses
Holocene and Anthropocene Landscape Change: Arroyo Formation on Santa Cruz Island, California
In this study, we untangle the relative importance of climatic, tectonic, and anthropogenic drivers as triggers of arroyo formation and geomorphic change for a small watershed on Santa Cruz Island, California. Within the Pozo watershed (6.47 km2), historic arroyo incision occurred contemporaneously with arroyo incision across many of the world's dryland regions. Unlike many of these other sites, Pozo contains a datable record that allows quantifi…
Agricultural potential and actualized development in Hawai’i: An airborne LiDAR survey of the leeward Kohala field system (Hawai’i Island)
Soil nutrient analysis of Rapa Nui gardening
Prehistoric Rapa Nui farmers used a variety of rock veneer and mulch gardens to increase crop productivity. These cultural features ranged from small ca. 10 × 10 m gardens, to much larger expanses of continuous rock concentrations covering many hectares. The rock gardens probably served several purposes, including protecting crops and soils from high winds, promoting water penetration, maintaining ground moisture, and reducing temperature fluctua…
Opportunities and constraints for intensive agriculture in the Hawaiian archipelago prior to European contact
Geschichte des Christentums in Grundzugen. VIII: Auflage
A serious book which reaches its eighth edition is proved to be needed and valued. Bernd Moeller changed the study of the German Reformation by his seminal book Reichstadt und Reformation published in 1962. Since then he has contributed largely to the history of the Church but especially on the links between the German Reformation and the later Middle Ages and Renaissance. Probably on this side of the Atlantic only two others of our time have con…
Soils, Agriculture, and Society in Precontact Hawai`i
Before European contact, Hawai`i supported large human populations in complex societies that were based on multiple pathways of intensive agriculture. We show that soils within a long-abandoned 60-square-kilometer dryland agricultural complex are substantially richer in bases and phosphorus than are those just outside it, and that this enrichment predated the establishment of intensive agriculture. Climate and soil fertility combined to constrain…
Dating fluvial terraces by 230 Th/U on pedogenic carbonate, Wind River Basin, Wyoming
Reliable and precise ages of Quaternary pedogenic carbonate can be obtained with 230 Th/U dating by thermal ionization mass spectrometry applied to carefully selected milligram-size samples. Datable carbonate can form within a few thousand years of surface stabilization allowing ages of Quaternary deposits and surfaces to be closely estimated. Pedogenic carbonate clast-rinds from gravels of glacio-fluvial terraces in the Wind River Basin have med…
The importance of sea spray to the cation budget of a coastal Hawaiian soil: A strontium isotope approach
Strontium isotopes as tracers of ecosystem processes: Theory and methods
Isotopic Approach to Soil Carbonate Dynamics and Implications for Paleoclimatic Interpretations
The radiocarbon content and stable isotope composition of soil carbonate are best described by a dynamic system in which isotopic reequilibration occurs as a result of recurrent dissolution and reprecipitation. Depth of water penetration into the soil profile, as well as soil age, determines the degree of carbonate isotope reequilibration. We measured δ 13 C, δ 18 O and radiocarbon content of gravel rinds and fine ( 14 C yr B.P.) to assess the de…
Time Dependence of Magnetic Susceptibility of Soil Chronosequences on the California Coast
As the age of the soils in a chronosequence on the California coast increases, the difference between the magnetic susceptibility of eluvial and illuvial horizons increases, and the residual susceptibility after extraction with citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite (CBD) decreases. Enhanced susceptibility results from the conversion of nonferrimagnetic minerals to secondary ferrimagnetic forms (most likely maghemite) and the preferential accumulation of…
Relationship Between Climate and Vegetation and the Stable Carbon Isotope Chemistry of Soils in the Eastern Mojave Desert, Nevada
The relationship between the stable C-isotope composition of the soil environment and modern climate and vegetation was determined empirically along a present-day climatic transect in the eastern Mojave Desert. The δ 13 C of the soil CO 2 and carbonates decreased with increasing elevation and plant density, even though plant assemblages at all elevations were isotopically similar. Several factors, including differences in the ratios of pedogenic …
Opportunities and constraints for intensive agriculture in the Hawaiian archipelago prior to European contact
Agricultural potential and actualized development in Hawai’i: An airborne LiDAR survey of the leeward Kohala field system (Hawai’i Island)
Soil nutrient analysis of Rapa Nui gardening
Prehistoric Rapa Nui farmers used a variety of rock veneer and mulch gardens to increase crop productivity. These cultural features ranged from small ca. 10 × 10 m gardens, to much larger expanses of continuous rock concentrations covering many hectares. The rock gardens probably served several purposes, including protecting crops and soils from high winds, promoting water penetration, maintaining ground moisture, and reducing temperature fluctua…
Soil nutrients and pre‐European contact agriculture in the leeward Kohala field system, Island of Hawai‘i
Studies in the leeward Kohala field system on Hawai‘i Island have considered the processes and timing of agricultural development associated with sociopolitical transformations and the production of agricultural surpluses. Using extensive soil sampling, we explore the use of relatively mobile and immobile soil parameters within the agricultural landscape to interpret the development and maintenance of the system over time. Results show that in th…
Prehistoric Obsidian Exchange on Rapa Nui
The four sources of rhyolitic obsidian on Rapa Nui (Maunga Orito, Moti Iti, Rano Kau I [Te Manavai], Rano Kau II) were differentially utilized throughout prehistory (ca. AD 1200–1860). In order to document the nature of quarry exploitation and obsidian distribution, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence was used to characterize the elemental composition of each source. The classification of 331 archaeological samples from inland habitation sites, …
Soil nutrients and intensive dryland agricultural production in Kaupō, Maui, Hawaiian Islands
Soils, agriculture, and land use in island socio‐ecosystems: Three case studies from Southeastern Polynesia
The availability of nutrient‐rich soils capable of supporting intensive cultivation was a key factor in the relative vulnerability and resilience of traditional Polynesian societies, whose economies were based on agricultural production. We tested the hypothesis that geological age was a key controlling factor in determining the nutrient status of island soils, extensively sampling soils on two islands and a small archipelago in southeastern Poly…
Irrigated taro (Colocasia esculenta) farming in North Kohala, Hawai‘i: Sedimentology and soil nutrient analyses
Holocene and Anthropocene Landscape Change: Arroyo Formation on Santa Cruz Island, California
In this study, we untangle the relative importance of climatic, tectonic, and anthropogenic drivers as triggers of arroyo formation and geomorphic change for a small watershed on Santa Cruz Island, California. Within the Pozo watershed (6.47 km2), historic arroyo incision occurred contemporaneously with arroyo incision across many of the world's dryland regions. Unlike many of these other sites, Pozo contains a datable record that allows quantifi…
Relationship Between Climate and Vegetation and the Stable Carbon Isotope Chemistry of Soils in the Eastern Mojave Desert, Nevada
The relationship between the stable C-isotope composition of the soil environment and modern climate and vegetation was determined empirically along a present-day climatic transect in the eastern Mojave Desert. The δ 13 C of the soil CO 2 and carbonates decreased with increasing elevation and plant density, even though plant assemblages at all elevations were isotopically similar. Several factors, including differences in the ratios of pedogenic …
Time Dependence of Magnetic Susceptibility of Soil Chronosequences on the California Coast
As the age of the soils in a chronosequence on the California coast increases, the difference between the magnetic susceptibility of eluvial and illuvial horizons increases, and the residual susceptibility after extraction with citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite (CBD) decreases. Enhanced susceptibility results from the conversion of nonferrimagnetic minerals to secondary ferrimagnetic forms (most likely maghemite) and the preferential accumulation of…
Isotopic Approach to Soil Carbonate Dynamics and Implications for Paleoclimatic Interpretations
The radiocarbon content and stable isotope composition of soil carbonate are best described by a dynamic system in which isotopic reequilibration occurs as a result of recurrent dissolution and reprecipitation. Depth of water penetration into the soil profile, as well as soil age, determines the degree of carbonate isotope reequilibration. We measured δ 13 C, δ 18 O and radiocarbon content of gravel rinds and fine ( 14 C yr B.P.) to assess the de…
Strontium isotopes as tracers of ecosystem processes: Theory and methods
The importance of sea spray to the cation budget of a coastal Hawaiian soil: A strontium isotope approach
Dating fluvial terraces by 230 Th/U on pedogenic carbonate, Wind River Basin, Wyoming
Reliable and precise ages of Quaternary pedogenic carbonate can be obtained with 230 Th/U dating by thermal ionization mass spectrometry applied to carefully selected milligram-size samples. Datable carbonate can form within a few thousand years of surface stabilization allowing ages of Quaternary deposits and surfaces to be closely estimated. Pedogenic carbonate clast-rinds from gravels of glacio-fluvial terraces in the Wind River Basin have med…
Soils, Agriculture, and Society in Precontact Hawai`i
Before European contact, Hawai`i supported large human populations in complex societies that were based on multiple pathways of intensive agriculture. We show that soils within a long-abandoned 60-square-kilometer dryland agricultural complex are substantially richer in bases and phosphorus than are those just outside it, and that this enrichment predated the establishment of intensive agriculture. Climate and soil fertility combined to constrain…
Geschichte des Christentums in Grundzugen. VIII: Auflage
A serious book which reaches its eighth edition is proved to be needed and valued. Bernd Moeller changed the study of the German Reformation by his seminal book Reichstadt und Reformation published in 1962. Since then he has contributed largely to the history of the Church but especially on the links between the German Reformation and the later Middle Ages and Renaissance. Probably on this side of the Atlantic only two others of our time have con…
Opportunities and constraints for intensive agriculture in the Hawaiian archipelago prior to European contact
Soil nutrient analysis of Rapa Nui gardening
Prehistoric Rapa Nui farmers used a variety of rock veneer and mulch gardens to increase crop productivity. These cultural features ranged from small ca. 10 × 10 m gardens, to much larger expanses of continuous rock concentrations covering many hectares. The rock gardens probably served several purposes, including protecting crops and soils from high winds, promoting water penetration, maintaining ground moisture, and reducing temperature fluctua…
Agricultural potential and actualized development in Hawai’i: An airborne LiDAR survey of the leeward Kohala field system (Hawai’i Island)
Irrigated taro (Colocasia esculenta) farming in North Kohala, Hawai‘i: Sedimentology and soil nutrient analyses
Holocene and Anthropocene Landscape Change: Arroyo Formation on Santa Cruz Island, California
In this study, we untangle the relative importance of climatic, tectonic, and anthropogenic drivers as triggers of arroyo formation and geomorphic change for a small watershed on Santa Cruz Island, California. Within the Pozo watershed (6.47 km2), historic arroyo incision occurred contemporaneously with arroyo incision across many of the world's dryland regions. Unlike many of these other sites, Pozo contains a datable record that allows quantifi…
Pacific islands in the Anthropocene
Although the islands of remote Oceania were among the last places reached by humanity, many islands entered the Anthropocene early. Extinctions -some caused by the first people to discover islands -have been far more frequent on islands than continents, and the intensity and consequences of human-caused biological invasion, deforestation, and landscape alteration have been substantially greater as well At the same time, islands provide a useful m…
Prehistoric Obsidian Exchange on Rapa Nui
The four sources of rhyolitic obsidian on Rapa Nui (Maunga Orito, Moti Iti, Rano Kau I [Te Manavai], Rano Kau II) were differentially utilized throughout prehistory (ca. AD 1200–1860). In order to document the nature of quarry exploitation and obsidian distribution, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence was used to characterize the elemental composition of each source. The classification of 331 archaeological samples from inland habitation sites, …
Farming the Rock: A biogeochemical perspective on intensive agriculture in Polynesia
In pre-contact Hawai‘i, large and intensive rainfed agricultural systems were established only where ongoing weathering of basalt-derived minerals could provide a sustained source of nutrients to crop plants. We demonstrated that the high-elevation, high- rainfall boundary of the Leeward Kohala Field System corresponded to a well-defined threshold in soil fertility, above which soils were acidic and infertile and rock weathering was depleted as a…
Soil nutrients and intensive dryland agricultural production in Kaupō, Maui, Hawaiian Islands
Soil nutrients and pre‐European contact agriculture in the leeward Kohala field system, Island of Hawai‘i
Studies in the leeward Kohala field system on Hawai‘i Island have considered the processes and timing of agricultural development associated with sociopolitical transformations and the production of agricultural surpluses. Using extensive soil sampling, we explore the use of relatively mobile and immobile soil parameters within the agricultural landscape to interpret the development and maintenance of the system over time. Results show that in th…
Soils, agriculture, and land use in island socio‐ecosystems: Three case studies from Southeastern Polynesia
The availability of nutrient‐rich soils capable of supporting intensive cultivation was a key factor in the relative vulnerability and resilience of traditional Polynesian societies, whose economies were based on agricultural production. We tested the hypothesis that geological age was a key controlling factor in determining the nutrient status of island soils, extensively sampling soils on two islands and a small archipelago in southeastern Poly…
People of the Sea, or of the Soil? How the Balance of Marine and Terrestrial Resource Availability Informs Maximum Population on Four Polynesian Islands
Most studies of the food resource potential of early Polynesian populations focus exclusively on agricultural potential, and specifically starchy staples, despite the importance of marine resources to the Polynesians. To more accurately estimate total precontact food resource availability, we characterized the terrestrial and near-shore marine environments of four Polynesian islands: Moʻorea, Maupiti, Mangareva and Taravai. We estimate the agricu…
Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies (12 works) · Geography (11 works) · Soil water (11 works) · Isotope Analysis in Ecology (10 works) · Archaeology (9 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (9 works) · Environmental Science (9 works) · Agriculture (8 works) · Biology (8 works) · Ecology (8 works)