Carol E Franz
Biographic Data
| ID | 184808 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Carol E Franz |
| GIVEN NAMES | Carol E |
| FAMILY NAME | Franz |
| SIGNATURE | FRANZ C E |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of California San Diego |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8987-1755 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 24 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 46 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 24 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1985 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Neighborhood disadvantage and cognitive function in older adults: The moderating role of young adult general cognitive ability
Neighborhood disadvantage in later life is associated with poorer cognition and increased vulnerability to dementia. Cognitive reserve (CR), an individual's total cognitive resources, may foster cognitive resilience against dementia in the face of neighborhood disadvantage. However, whether the neighborhood disadvantage-cognition association varies across older adults remains understudied and its moderators remain underexplored. We examined assoc…
Cortical Surface Area Profile Mediates Effects of Childhood Disadvantage on Later-Life General Cognitive Ability
Childhood disadvantage may contribute to later-life GCA differences partly by influencing the spatial patterning of cortical SA in a way that deviates from the normative cortical organizational principle
Age and Sex Differences in the Genetic Architecture of Measures of Subjective Health: Relationships With Physical Health, Depressive Symptoms, and Episodic Memory
The predictive value of SH has been amply demonstrated. The higher genetic contributions to associations between SH and its components in older adults support the increasing conceptualization with age of SH as an intuitive summation of one's vital reserve
Financial strain moderates genetic influences on self-rated health: Support for Diathesis-Stress Model of Gene-Environment Interplay
sex, and financial strain moderators indicated significant financial strain moderation of genetic influences on self-rated health. Moderation results did not differ across sex or country. Genetic variance for SRH increased as financial strain increased, matching the predictions of the diathesis-stress and social comparison models for components of variance. Under these models, environmental improvements would be expected to reduce genetically bas…
Predicting Health-Related Quality of Life in Trauma-Exposed Male Veterans in Late Midlife: A 20 Year Longitudinal Study
Trauma-exposed adults with high levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) report poorer health-related quality of life (HRQOL), but less is known about the persistence of this relationship over time. Participants from the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging reported on PTSS, health, and sociodemographic characteristics at average age 38; 775 participants reported having been exposed to trauma. Later, at average ages 56 and 62, mental and physica…
Common genetic influences on impulsivity facets are related to goal management, psychopathology, and personality
Longitudinal Twin Study of Subjective Health: Differences in Genetic and Environmental Components of Variance Across Age and Sex
As aging triggers a re-evaluation of the meaning of "good health," physical aspects of health may become less important and shared cultural conceptions of health may become more relevant. This change in conceptions of good health may reflect both aging and the change in composition of the elderly population as a result of selective survival
A longitudinal twin study of general cognitive ability over four decades
In this longitudinal study we examined the stability of general cognitive ability (GCA), as well as heterogeneity and genetic and environmental influences underlying individual differences in change. We investigated GCA from young adulthood through late midlife in 1,288 Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging participants at ages ∼20, ∼56, and ∼62 years. The correlations among the 3 occasions ranged from .73 to .85, reflecting substantial stability. The …
Facets of Subjective Health From Early Adulthood to Old Age
Subjective health appears to be dependent on frame of reference and reflect different aspects of health. Results suggest different genetic and environmental mechanisms underlie each facet
Individual differences in cognitive ability at age 20 predict pulmonary function 35 years later
BACKGROUND: Poor pulmonary function is associated with mortality and age-related diseases, and can affect cognitive performance. However, extant longitudinal studies indicate that early cognitive ability also affects later pulmonary function. Despite the multifaceted nature of pulmonary function, most longitudinal studies were limited to a single index of pulmonary function: forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). In this study, we examined wheth…
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Individual Differences in Frequency of Play with Pets among Middle-Aged Men: A Behavioral Genetic Analysis
There is growing evidence that pet ownership and human-animal interaction (HAI) have benefits for human physical and psychological well-being. However, there may be pre-existing characteristics related to patterns of pet ownership and interactions with pets that could potentially bias results of research on HAI. The present study uses a behavioral genetic design to estimate the degree to which genetic and environmental factors contribute to indiv…
Genetic Vulnerability and Phenotypic Expression of Depression and Risk for Ischemic Heart Disease in the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging
OBJECTIVE: To determine if depression contributes to incident heart disease after accounting for genetic, behavioral, and medical factors associated with both conditions. METHODS: We used a prospective twin study with a 12-year follow-up. In 1992, lifetime diagnosis of depression was assessed in 1159 male-male twins and merged with longitudinal health data from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry Study of Aging. Incident heart disease was defined as ha…
Beyond Familism: A Case Study of the Ethics of Care of a Latina Caregiver of an Elderly Parent With Dementia
Caregiving for elderly relatives with dementia is described as a stressful and challenging obligation that disproportionately befalls women in families. Studies of Latina caregivers tend to focus on how the cultural value of familism shapes caregiving expectations and experiences. However, these studies tend not to distinguish between familism as ideology and familism as practice to evaluate how caregiving may or may not conform to prescribed cul…
Storage and Executive Components of Working Memory: Integrating Cognitive Psychology and Behavior Genetics in the Study of Aging
We combined experimental cognitive and behavior genetic methods to investigate storage and executive components of working memory in 663 middle-aged male twins. A single latent factor model indicated that digits forward (storage) and two-digit transformation (executive + storage) scores were influenced by the same genes. Additional executive demands in digit transformation appeared to increase the variance of individual genetic differences from 2…
Do Patient Requests for Antidepressants Enhance or Hinder Physicians’ Evaluation of Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE: We sought to ascertain whether patients' requests for antidepressants affect visit duration or history taking by primary care physicians (PCPs) for patients with depressive symptoms and a coexisting musculoskeletal disorder and to determine whether more thorough history taking is associated with diagnostic accuracy or with provision of minimally acceptable initial care for major depression. DESIGN: This was a randomized trial using sta…
Networked for change? identifying obstetric opinion leaders and assessing their opinions on caesarean delivery
Posttraumatic Concerns: A Patient-Centered Approach to Outcome Assessment After Traumatic Physical Injury
BACKGROUND: Approximately 2.5 million Americans are admitted to the hospital after traumatic physical injury each year. Few investigations have elicited patients' perspectives regarding posttraumatic outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To identify and categorize physically injured trauma survivors' posttraumatic concerns. RESEARCH DESIGN: Prospective longitudinal investigation; trauma survivors were interviewed during the post-injury hospitalization and again 1…
A Quantitative Case Study of Longitudinal Changes in Identity, Intimacy, and Generativity
A quantitative case study of one woman's development was conducted in order to explore psychosocial change in early adulthood. A contentanalytic coding system for identity, intimacy, and generativity themes derived from E. H. Erikson's writing was applied to letters and diaries of the British writer Vera Brittain written when she was 20 to 21 and 30 to 31 years old. Over time, Brittain used more intimacy and generativity themes and fewer identity…
Lives of women and men active in the social protests of the 1960s: A longitudinal study
This study found that 46 of 116 children from the R. R. Sears, E. E. Maccoby, and H. Levin (1957) child-rearing study classified at age 31 as participants in the protest movements of the 1960s came more often from middle-class families and attained higher educational levels than their counterparts who did not participate in the protests. In midlife, activists remained more rebellious and altruistic than their peers of equivalent education. Sixtie…
Motivational and Other Sources of Work Accomplishments in Mid–Life: A Longitudinal Study
Earned Income and work accomplishment were determined at age 41 for 89 adults whose mothers had been interviewed for their child‐rearing practices when the adults were 5 years old. At age 31, in spontaneous thought but not self‐report, n Achievement predicted earned income and socialized power motivation predicted work accomplishment at age 41. Hardships (or “bad breaks”) during childhood and adolescence predicted work outcomes for both men and w…
Childhood antecedents of conventional social accomplishment in midlife adults: A 36-year prospective study
The family origins of empathic concern: A 26-year longitudinal study
This study examined whether adult empathic concern was associated with parent behavior in early childhood. Subjects were drawn from a longitudinal sample first investigated by Sears, Maccoby, and Levin (1957). At age 31, 75 subjects completed the Adjective Checklist (Gough & Heilbrun, 1965, 1983), from which an index of empathic concern was derived. Scores on this index were regressed on 11 parenting dimensions derived from maternal interviews wh…
The Changing Self: Using Personal Documents to Study Lives
In this paper we describe a technique for coding expressions of preoccupation with aspects of the adult self in personal documents and retrospective autobiographical writings In particular we explore the value of this approach by analyzing themes of identity, intimacy, and generativity expressed in Vera Brittain's diary and correspondence, written during her adolescence in World War I, and in her retrospective autobiographical account of that per…
Individuation and attachment in personality development: Extending Erikson's theory
The question of whether Erikson's theory of psychosocial development is a complete and coherent view of development in males and females is considered After a thorough review of Erikson's views on the role of sex in psychosocial development, the authors suggest that an important element is neglected in Erikson's account of personality development in both sexes That is, due to his focus on issues of identity, Erikson does not account fully for the…
The family origins of empathic concern: A 26-year longitudinal study
This study examined whether adult empathic concern was associated with parent behavior in early childhood. Subjects were drawn from a longitudinal sample first investigated by Sears, Maccoby, and Levin (1957). At age 31, 75 subjects completed the Adjective Checklist (Gough & Heilbrun, 1965, 1983), from which an index of empathic concern was derived. Scores on this index were regressed on 11 parenting dimensions derived from maternal interviews wh…
Childhood antecedents of conventional social accomplishment in midlife adults: A 36-year prospective study
Lives of women and men active in the social protests of the 1960s: A longitudinal study
This study found that 46 of 116 children from the R. R. Sears, E. E. Maccoby, and H. Levin (1957) child-rearing study classified at age 31 as participants in the protest movements of the 1960s came more often from middle-class families and attained higher educational levels than their counterparts who did not participate in the protests. In midlife, activists remained more rebellious and altruistic than their peers of equivalent education. Sixtie…
Networked for change? identifying obstetric opinion leaders and assessing their opinions on caesarean delivery
A longitudinal twin study of general cognitive ability over four decades
In this longitudinal study we examined the stability of general cognitive ability (GCA), as well as heterogeneity and genetic and environmental influences underlying individual differences in change. We investigated GCA from young adulthood through late midlife in 1,288 Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging participants at ages ∼20, ∼56, and ∼62 years. The correlations among the 3 occasions ranged from .73 to .85, reflecting substantial stability. The …
Longitudinal Twin Study of Subjective Health: Differences in Genetic and Environmental Components of Variance Across Age and Sex
As aging triggers a re-evaluation of the meaning of "good health," physical aspects of health may become less important and shared cultural conceptions of health may become more relevant. This change in conceptions of good health may reflect both aging and the change in composition of the elderly population as a result of selective survival
Facets of Subjective Health From Early Adulthood to Old Age
Subjective health appears to be dependent on frame of reference and reflect different aspects of health. Results suggest different genetic and environmental mechanisms underlie each facet
Individual differences in cognitive ability at age 20 predict pulmonary function 35 years later
BACKGROUND: Poor pulmonary function is associated with mortality and age-related diseases, and can affect cognitive performance. However, extant longitudinal studies indicate that early cognitive ability also affects later pulmonary function. Despite the multifaceted nature of pulmonary function, most longitudinal studies were limited to a single index of pulmonary function: forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). In this study, we examined wheth…
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Individual Differences in Frequency of Play with Pets among Middle-Aged Men: A Behavioral Genetic Analysis
There is growing evidence that pet ownership and human-animal interaction (HAI) have benefits for human physical and psychological well-being. However, there may be pre-existing characteristics related to patterns of pet ownership and interactions with pets that could potentially bias results of research on HAI. The present study uses a behavioral genetic design to estimate the degree to which genetic and environmental factors contribute to indiv…
Individuation and attachment in personality development: Extending Erikson's theory
The question of whether Erikson's theory of psychosocial development is a complete and coherent view of development in males and females is considered After a thorough review of Erikson's views on the role of sex in psychosocial development, the authors suggest that an important element is neglected in Erikson's account of personality development in both sexes That is, due to his focus on issues of identity, Erikson does not account fully for the…
The Changing Self: Using Personal Documents to Study Lives
In this paper we describe a technique for coding expressions of preoccupation with aspects of the adult self in personal documents and retrospective autobiographical writings In particular we explore the value of this approach by analyzing themes of identity, intimacy, and generativity expressed in Vera Brittain's diary and correspondence, written during her adolescence in World War I, and in her retrospective autobiographical account of that per…
The family origins of empathic concern: A 26-year longitudinal study
This study examined whether adult empathic concern was associated with parent behavior in early childhood. Subjects were drawn from a longitudinal sample first investigated by Sears, Maccoby, and Levin (1957). At age 31, 75 subjects completed the Adjective Checklist (Gough & Heilbrun, 1965, 1983), from which an index of empathic concern was derived. Scores on this index were regressed on 11 parenting dimensions derived from maternal interviews wh…
Childhood antecedents of conventional social accomplishment in midlife adults: A 36-year prospective study
Motivational and Other Sources of Work Accomplishments in Mid–Life: A Longitudinal Study
Earned Income and work accomplishment were determined at age 41 for 89 adults whose mothers had been interviewed for their child‐rearing practices when the adults were 5 years old. At age 31, in spontaneous thought but not self‐report, n Achievement predicted earned income and socialized power motivation predicted work accomplishment at age 41. Hardships (or “bad breaks”) during childhood and adolescence predicted work outcomes for both men and w…
Lives of women and men active in the social protests of the 1960s: A longitudinal study
This study found that 46 of 116 children from the R. R. Sears, E. E. Maccoby, and H. Levin (1957) child-rearing study classified at age 31 as participants in the protest movements of the 1960s came more often from middle-class families and attained higher educational levels than their counterparts who did not participate in the protests. In midlife, activists remained more rebellious and altruistic than their peers of equivalent education. Sixtie…
A Quantitative Case Study of Longitudinal Changes in Identity, Intimacy, and Generativity
A quantitative case study of one woman's development was conducted in order to explore psychosocial change in early adulthood. A contentanalytic coding system for identity, intimacy, and generativity themes derived from E. H. Erikson's writing was applied to letters and diaries of the British writer Vera Brittain written when she was 20 to 21 and 30 to 31 years old. Over time, Brittain used more intimacy and generativity themes and fewer identity…
Posttraumatic Concerns: A Patient-Centered Approach to Outcome Assessment After Traumatic Physical Injury
BACKGROUND: Approximately 2.5 million Americans are admitted to the hospital after traumatic physical injury each year. Few investigations have elicited patients' perspectives regarding posttraumatic outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To identify and categorize physically injured trauma survivors' posttraumatic concerns. RESEARCH DESIGN: Prospective longitudinal investigation; trauma survivors were interviewed during the post-injury hospitalization and again 1…
Networked for change? identifying obstetric opinion leaders and assessing their opinions on caesarean delivery
Do Patient Requests for Antidepressants Enhance or Hinder Physicians’ Evaluation of Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE: We sought to ascertain whether patients' requests for antidepressants affect visit duration or history taking by primary care physicians (PCPs) for patients with depressive symptoms and a coexisting musculoskeletal disorder and to determine whether more thorough history taking is associated with diagnostic accuracy or with provision of minimally acceptable initial care for major depression. DESIGN: This was a randomized trial using sta…
Storage and Executive Components of Working Memory: Integrating Cognitive Psychology and Behavior Genetics in the Study of Aging
We combined experimental cognitive and behavior genetic methods to investigate storage and executive components of working memory in 663 middle-aged male twins. A single latent factor model indicated that digits forward (storage) and two-digit transformation (executive + storage) scores were influenced by the same genes. Additional executive demands in digit transformation appeared to increase the variance of individual genetic differences from 2…
Beyond Familism: A Case Study of the Ethics of Care of a Latina Caregiver of an Elderly Parent With Dementia
Caregiving for elderly relatives with dementia is described as a stressful and challenging obligation that disproportionately befalls women in families. Studies of Latina caregivers tend to focus on how the cultural value of familism shapes caregiving expectations and experiences. However, these studies tend not to distinguish between familism as ideology and familism as practice to evaluate how caregiving may or may not conform to prescribed cul…
Genetic Vulnerability and Phenotypic Expression of Depression and Risk for Ischemic Heart Disease in the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging
OBJECTIVE: To determine if depression contributes to incident heart disease after accounting for genetic, behavioral, and medical factors associated with both conditions. METHODS: We used a prospective twin study with a 12-year follow-up. In 1992, lifetime diagnosis of depression was assessed in 1159 male-male twins and merged with longitudinal health data from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry Study of Aging. Incident heart disease was defined as ha…
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Individual Differences in Frequency of Play with Pets among Middle-Aged Men: A Behavioral Genetic Analysis
There is growing evidence that pet ownership and human-animal interaction (HAI) have benefits for human physical and psychological well-being. However, there may be pre-existing characteristics related to patterns of pet ownership and interactions with pets that could potentially bias results of research on HAI. The present study uses a behavioral genetic design to estimate the degree to which genetic and environmental factors contribute to indiv…
Individual differences in cognitive ability at age 20 predict pulmonary function 35 years later
BACKGROUND: Poor pulmonary function is associated with mortality and age-related diseases, and can affect cognitive performance. However, extant longitudinal studies indicate that early cognitive ability also affects later pulmonary function. Despite the multifaceted nature of pulmonary function, most longitudinal studies were limited to a single index of pulmonary function: forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). In this study, we examined wheth…
Facets of Subjective Health From Early Adulthood to Old Age
Subjective health appears to be dependent on frame of reference and reflect different aspects of health. Results suggest different genetic and environmental mechanisms underlie each facet
A longitudinal twin study of general cognitive ability over four decades
In this longitudinal study we examined the stability of general cognitive ability (GCA), as well as heterogeneity and genetic and environmental influences underlying individual differences in change. We investigated GCA from young adulthood through late midlife in 1,288 Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging participants at ages ∼20, ∼56, and ∼62 years. The correlations among the 3 occasions ranged from .73 to .85, reflecting substantial stability. The …
Longitudinal Twin Study of Subjective Health: Differences in Genetic and Environmental Components of Variance Across Age and Sex
As aging triggers a re-evaluation of the meaning of "good health," physical aspects of health may become less important and shared cultural conceptions of health may become more relevant. This change in conceptions of good health may reflect both aging and the change in composition of the elderly population as a result of selective survival
Common genetic influences on impulsivity facets are related to goal management, psychopathology, and personality
Predicting Health-Related Quality of Life in Trauma-Exposed Male Veterans in Late Midlife: A 20 Year Longitudinal Study
Trauma-exposed adults with high levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) report poorer health-related quality of life (HRQOL), but less is known about the persistence of this relationship over time. Participants from the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging reported on PTSS, health, and sociodemographic characteristics at average age 38; 775 participants reported having been exposed to trauma. Later, at average ages 56 and 62, mental and physica…
Financial strain moderates genetic influences on self-rated health: Support for Diathesis-Stress Model of Gene-Environment Interplay
sex, and financial strain moderators indicated significant financial strain moderation of genetic influences on self-rated health. Moderation results did not differ across sex or country. Genetic variance for SRH increased as financial strain increased, matching the predictions of the diathesis-stress and social comparison models for components of variance. Under these models, environmental improvements would be expected to reduce genetically bas…
Cortical Surface Area Profile Mediates Effects of Childhood Disadvantage on Later-Life General Cognitive Ability
Childhood disadvantage may contribute to later-life GCA differences partly by influencing the spatial patterning of cortical SA in a way that deviates from the normative cortical organizational principle
Age and Sex Differences in the Genetic Architecture of Measures of Subjective Health: Relationships With Physical Health, Depressive Symptoms, and Episodic Memory
The predictive value of SH has been amply demonstrated. The higher genetic contributions to associations between SH and its components in older adults support the increasing conceptualization with age of SH as an intuitive summation of one's vital reserve
Neighborhood disadvantage and cognitive function in older adults: The moderating role of young adult general cognitive ability
Neighborhood disadvantage in later life is associated with poorer cognition and increased vulnerability to dementia. Cognitive reserve (CR), an individual's total cognitive resources, may foster cognitive resilience against dementia in the face of neighborhood disadvantage. However, whether the neighborhood disadvantage-cognition association varies across older adults remains understudied and its moderators remain underexplored. We examined assoc…
Psychology (21 works) · Developmental psychology (16 works) · Medicine (11 works) · Social Psychology (9 works) · Biology (6 works) · Cognition (6 works) · Personality (6 works) · Cognitive Abilities and Testing (5 works) · Genetics (5 works) · Health disparities and outcomes (5 works)