Martin Thomas Falk
Biographic Data
| ID | 1895653 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Martin Thomas Falk |
| GIVEN NAMES | Martin Thomas |
| FAMILY NAME | Falk |
| SIGNATURE | FALK M T |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of South-Eastern Norway |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0518-6513 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 39 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 49 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 39 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2003 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Digitally sourced data on popularity broaden the picture of tourism threats to natural World Heritage sites
In this study, a novel measure of interest in all (264) natural or mixed World Heritage sites sourced from an online platform is contrasted with the degree and number of threats as formally identified by the UNESCO (in its State of Conservation database) and the IUCN (in its Conservation Outlook Assessment reporting), when typical site characteristics are accounted for. Information on TripAdvisor reviews is the digitally sourced measure, and the …
Commitment of travel and leisure firms to sustainable development goals
This study investigates the interdependencies of commitments to Sustainable Development Goals as reported by travel and leisure firms active in the United Nations Global Compact Programme. Descriptive statistics reveal that SDG 8 ‘economic growth and decent jobs’ (88%), SDG 13 ‘climate action’ and SDG 5 ‘gender equality’ (SDG 5) (78% each) as well as SDG 12 sustainable production and consumption (75%) are the goals most commonly committed to. Est…
Local supply of accommodation establishments heterogeneously affected by high-speed broadband infrastructure
This study investigates empirically if access to high-speed broadband infrastructure is of importance for the supply of accommodation establishments across all 290 municipalities in Sweden. Control factors include time, population growth and road density. Disaggregated data from several official registers are linked together for the analysis covering the years 2011-2023. Results from the fixed effects Poisson estimations with spatial lags show th…
Special focus “Big Data as a source for verifying theories in tourism economics”
A novel measure indicating that a management strategy reduces the likelihood of human-made threats to Cultural World Heritage Sites
Membership duration of tourism firms in the United Nations Global Compact Programme
This study examines the membership duration of travel and leisure (tourism) firms in the United Nations Global Compact Sustainability Reporting Programme between 2007 and 2020. Important factors of duration include firm characteristics (such as size and ownership) as well as contextual country-specific elements relating to environmental progress and control of corruption. Data originate from 693 member firms entering the programme at any point du…
Effects of regulations on the Airbnb market in Geneva
This study examines the impact of regulations on the supply and performance of Airbnb rentals in Geneva by focusing on the role of substitution effects between fully rented accommodations and individual rooms. A difference-in-differences approach is used in combination with logit and count data models with fixed effects for properties. The data consists of monthly Airbnb listings in the 10 largest Swiss cities for the period 2017–2018, with aroun…
Factors with ambiguous qualities for Cultural World Heritage Sites
The aim of this study is to investigate factors with both beneficial and harmful qualities for Cultural World Heritage Sites. Particular but not exclusive attention is given to aspects relating to tourism and infrastructure. Data from the World Heritage List for North America and Europe, linked to the 2014 UNESCO Periodic Report II, are employed for the analysis. A simultaneous Bivariate Probit model estimation is carried out on the 30,954 observ…
Importance of land characteristics for resilience of domestic tourism demand
This study investigates empirically if land characteristics (especially forests and mountains) are of importance for the local ability to withstand the shock of the Covid-19 on domestic tourism demand during the summer of 2020. A second step of the analysis focuses on the recovery stage in the subsequent summer. Three tourism indicators are considered: arrivals, overnight stays and length of stay. Official data on land use characteristics of 2029…
Uneven domestic tourism demand in times of pandemic
This study investigates the short-run impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the number of domestic overnight stays at the regional level in the summer season 2020. Official data for 65 regions in four countries are used for the analysis (Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany and Switzerland). Dynamic panel data models are employed to estimate a tourism demand equation (real GDP and price fluctuations) augmented by average temperatures. Estimation res…
Reverse adoption of information and communication technology among organisers of academic conferences
This study examines the formats offered for academic conferences in the mature stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Two out of three organisers discontinue their usage of online video tools and focus on in-person conferences. Only one out of five conferences offers hybrid solutions and even fewer a virtual alternative (13%). Data for the analysis originate from 547 calls for proposals announced in Spring 2022 for conferences to be held during the per…
A management perspective on threats to Cultural World Heritage Sites
This study examines factors associated with threats to Cultural World Heritage Sites as perceived by their management. Employed for the analysis are data on 396 UNESCO Cultural World Heritage Sites in North America and Europe as well as 2158 threats identified by the UNESCO Second Cycle of Periodic Reporting for Europe and North America in 2014. One out of seven sites report that there are no threats at all and 2.5% do not provide information on …
High regional economic activity repels domestic tourism during summer of pandemic
This study investigates empirically how the regional economic activity, measured as the agglomeration of establishments, affects domestic travel and tourism flows during the COVID-19 summer of 2020. Domestic tourism flows are approximated by the number of overnight stays in all 96 French regions. Results from spatial estimations reveal that lower economic activity attracts more domestic tourists. This relationship becomes inflated if the neighbou…
Nordic stock market performance of the travel and leisure industry during the first wave of Covid-19 pandemic
This article investigates the performance of the stock market and its volatility in the travel and leisure industry for three Nordic countries using daily data from June 2018 to June 2020, a period that includes the first wave of Covid-19 pandemic. The methodology is based on the Markov regime switching model that allows unobservable regime shifts in the stock return relationship between the travel and leisure industry and the overall market in t…
Characteristics of Middle European Holiday Highfliers
This article estimates a count-data model on the flight behaviour of Austrian holiday-makers based on information from a large representative quarterly survey spanning the years 2014–2016. On average, the number of holiday flights ranges between 0.6 and 1.2 per year for residents in the least populated region and the capital, respectively. Results of the estimations reveal that the number of holiday flights is highest for persons with tertiary de…
The unwanted free rider: Covid-19
Winter holidays in the European Alps early 2020 led to unexpected challenges for the Scandinavian countries (Denmark, Norway and Sweden), since many travellers brought home a free rider virus, Covid-19. In this study a modified gravity model is used to investigate how important destination country, size and geographical distance are for the extent to which the virus was carried to Scandinavia. The number of reported Covid-19 positive cases is hig…
Short-term hotel room price effects of sporting events
A difference-in-differences analysis is used to investigate the short-term price effects of eight sporting events in Finnish Lapland. Data consist of 220,000 room bookings from the reservation system of a nine-hotels chain. Treated hotels are those located within an area where sporting events are regularly held. The control group consists of hotels further away that are not affected by the event. Robust regressions show that hotel room prices ris…
Hotels benefit from stricter regulations on short-term rentals in European cities
The aim of this study is to examine whether the introduction of stricter rules on short-term rentals (STRs) in some European cities will have an impact on hotel overnight stays. The treatment group consists of cities with the strictest regulations in Europe (Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin, Paris and London). The coarsened exact matching method is used to select an appropriate control group consisting of cities where there are no similar regulations…
Residents’ perception of cultural heritage in terms of job creation and overtourism in Europe
In 2017, about 45% of the European population believed that cultural heritage has a positive effect on the local economy and that there are not too many tourists. However, about 33% of Europeans consider the number of tourists to be too high while simultaneously recognizing cultural heritage’s positive impact on the local economy. Based on Flash Eurobarometer data, this article employs a bivariate probit model to estimate the characteristics of b…
Visitor flows to World Heritage Sites in the era of Instagram
The aim of this study is to investigate the extent of visitors to World Heritage Sites in Europe and North America, given their specific location and characteristics. Visitor flows are approximated by 680 million Instagram posts for about 525 World Heritage Sites. Independent variables encompass year of inscription, size, type (monuments, churches, castles, architecture, industrial heritage, archaeological sites and cultural and natural landscape…
Impact of high-speed broadband access on local establishment dynamics
When international academic conferences go virtual
This study investigates the extent to which international academic conferences changes format to virtual when faced by sudden Covid-19 related immobility. Data on 587 conferences in the fields of business, economics, information technology, management and other social sciences that were planned to be held between March and August 2020 are retrieved from authorised conference listings. Approximately 28% of the conferences changed to virtual format…
Potential of European universities as Marie Curie grantee hosts
This study investigates the potential of European universities as hosts for Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) grantees. Factors explaining both the probability of a university hosting an MSCA grantee and its extent are estimated using a zero-inflated negative binomial regression model. Results reveal that the probability of hosting MSCA grantees increases significantly with excellence (research performance), size and country group of the univ…
Product diversification and isomorphism: The case of ski resorts and “me-too” innovation
Many ski-lift operators are trying to diversify their business by opening summer parks and in so doing, to reposition their resorts as year-round destinations. Almost half of ski-lift operators in Tyrol introduced such parks in the period from 2000 to 2018. The purpose of this study is to assess competitive determinants of following suit by copying these summer park introduced by competitors. Estimates using a Cox survival model show that the lik…
Disclosure of environmental sustainability activities by large ski lift firms
This study investigates how environmental sustainability practices and reporting are disclosed by a group of six large ski lift operators across the world (Compagnie des Alpes, CDA (France), Silvrettaseilbahn AG (Ischgl) (Austria), Skistar (Sweden/Norway), Vail resorts (United States), Whistler Blackcomb (Canada) and Zermatt (Switzerland). Different types of practices are assessed. Results show that ski lift operators are highly active even if th…
A survival analysis of ski lift companies
A dynamic panel data analysis of snow depth and winter tourism
A hedonic price model for ski lift tickets
Product diversification and isomorphism: The case of ski resorts and “me-too” innovation
Many ski-lift operators are trying to diversify their business by opening summer parks and in so doing, to reposition their resorts as year-round destinations. Almost half of ski-lift operators in Tyrol introduced such parks in the period from 2000 to 2018. The purpose of this study is to assess competitive determinants of following suit by copying these summer park introduced by competitors. Estimates using a Cox survival model show that the lik…
Importance of early snowfall for Swedish ski resorts: Evidence based on monthly data
Importance of land characteristics for resilience of domestic tourism demand
This study investigates empirically if land characteristics (especially forests and mountains) are of importance for the local ability to withstand the shock of the Covid-19 on domestic tourism demand during the summer of 2020. A second step of the analysis focuses on the recovery stage in the subsequent summer. Three tourism indicators are considered: arrivals, overnight stays and length of stay. Official data on land use characteristics of 2029…
Gains from horizontal collaboration among ski areas
A gravity model of foreign direct investment in the hospitality industry
Factors with ambiguous qualities for Cultural World Heritage Sites
The aim of this study is to investigate factors with both beneficial and harmful qualities for Cultural World Heritage Sites. Particular but not exclusive attention is given to aspects relating to tourism and infrastructure. Data from the World Heritage List for North America and Europe, linked to the 2014 UNESCO Periodic Report II, are employed for the analysis. A simultaneous Bivariate Probit model estimation is carried out on the 30,954 observ…
Influence of local environment on exit of accommodation establishments
A management perspective on threats to Cultural World Heritage Sites
This study examines factors associated with threats to Cultural World Heritage Sites as perceived by their management. Employed for the analysis are data on 396 UNESCO Cultural World Heritage Sites in North America and Europe as well as 2158 threats identified by the UNESCO Second Cycle of Periodic Reporting for Europe and North America in 2014. One out of seven sites report that there are no threats at all and 2.5% do not provide information on …
Imposing and Testing Curvature Conditions on a Box–Cox Cost Function
We present a new method for imposing and testing concavity of cost functions using asymptotic least squares, which can be easily implemented even for nonlinear cost functions. We provide an illustration for a (generalized) Box–Cox cost function with six inputs: capital, labor disaggregated in three skill levels, energy, and intermediate materials. We present a parametric concavity test and compare price elasticities when curvature conditions are …
A hedonic price model for ski lift tickets
Gender and field of study as determinants of self-employment
A dynamic panel data analysis of snow depth and winter tourism
Quantile estimates of the impact of R&D intensity on firm performance
A survival analysis of ski lift companies
Cultural participation in Europe: Can we identify common determinants?
Gains from investments in snowmaking facilities
A gravity model of foreign direct investment in the hospitality industry
Importance of early snowfall for Swedish ski resorts: Evidence based on monthly data
Measuring the impact of the European Capital of Culture programme on overnight stays: Evidence for the last two decades
This study explores the effects of the European Capital of Culture (ECoC) on tourism demand, measured as overnight stays, for the years 1998–2014. The analysis includes 34 ECoC hosts and makes use of data on approximately 800 European cities. A difference-in-differences propensity score matching estimator shows that hosting the ECoC leads to an increase in overnight stays of 8% on average during the year of the event but does not stimulate touris…
Gains from horizontal collaboration among ski areas
Impact of the Intellectual Property Tax Regime on FDI in R&D Activities at the City Level
This article investigates the impact of the introduction of the patent box/IP regime on foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in R&D and related activities, including design, developing, and testing activities, using city level data. The data are based on approximately 1,200 cities in 80 countries. Results obtained by use of a difference‐in‐differences estimator show that the introduction of the patent/IP box regime in the Netherlands has led t…
Influence of local environment on exit of accommodation establishments
Characteristics of Middle European Holiday Highfliers
This article estimates a count-data model on the flight behaviour of Austrian holiday-makers based on information from a large representative quarterly survey spanning the years 2014–2016. On average, the number of holiday flights ranges between 0.6 and 1.2 per year for residents in the least populated region and the capital, respectively. Results of the estimations reveal that the number of holiday flights is highest for persons with tertiary de…
The unwanted free rider: Covid-19
Winter holidays in the European Alps early 2020 led to unexpected challenges for the Scandinavian countries (Denmark, Norway and Sweden), since many travellers brought home a free rider virus, Covid-19. In this study a modified gravity model is used to investigate how important destination country, size and geographical distance are for the extent to which the virus was carried to Scandinavia. The number of reported Covid-19 positive cases is hig…
Short-term hotel room price effects of sporting events
A difference-in-differences analysis is used to investigate the short-term price effects of eight sporting events in Finnish Lapland. Data consist of 220,000 room bookings from the reservation system of a nine-hotels chain. Treated hotels are those located within an area where sporting events are regularly held. The control group consists of hotels further away that are not affected by the event. Robust regressions show that hotel room prices ris…
Hotels benefit from stricter regulations on short-term rentals in European cities
The aim of this study is to examine whether the introduction of stricter rules on short-term rentals (STRs) in some European cities will have an impact on hotel overnight stays. The treatment group consists of cities with the strictest regulations in Europe (Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin, Paris and London). The coarsened exact matching method is used to select an appropriate control group consisting of cities where there are no similar regulations…
Residents’ perception of cultural heritage in terms of job creation and overtourism in Europe
In 2017, about 45% of the European population believed that cultural heritage has a positive effect on the local economy and that there are not too many tourists. However, about 33% of Europeans consider the number of tourists to be too high while simultaneously recognizing cultural heritage’s positive impact on the local economy. Based on Flash Eurobarometer data, this article employs a bivariate probit model to estimate the characteristics of b…
Visitor flows to World Heritage Sites in the era of Instagram
The aim of this study is to investigate the extent of visitors to World Heritage Sites in Europe and North America, given their specific location and characteristics. Visitor flows are approximated by 680 million Instagram posts for about 525 World Heritage Sites. Independent variables encompass year of inscription, size, type (monuments, churches, castles, architecture, industrial heritage, archaeological sites and cultural and natural landscape…
Impact of high-speed broadband access on local establishment dynamics
When international academic conferences go virtual
This study investigates the extent to which international academic conferences changes format to virtual when faced by sudden Covid-19 related immobility. Data on 587 conferences in the fields of business, economics, information technology, management and other social sciences that were planned to be held between March and August 2020 are retrieved from authorised conference listings. Approximately 28% of the conferences changed to virtual format…
Potential of European universities as Marie Curie grantee hosts
This study investigates the potential of European universities as hosts for Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) grantees. Factors explaining both the probability of a university hosting an MSCA grantee and its extent are estimated using a zero-inflated negative binomial regression model. Results reveal that the probability of hosting MSCA grantees increases significantly with excellence (research performance), size and country group of the univ…
Product diversification and isomorphism: The case of ski resorts and “me-too” innovation
Many ski-lift operators are trying to diversify their business by opening summer parks and in so doing, to reposition their resorts as year-round destinations. Almost half of ski-lift operators in Tyrol introduced such parks in the period from 2000 to 2018. The purpose of this study is to assess competitive determinants of following suit by copying these summer park introduced by competitors. Estimates using a Cox survival model show that the lik…
Disclosure of environmental sustainability activities by large ski lift firms
This study investigates how environmental sustainability practices and reporting are disclosed by a group of six large ski lift operators across the world (Compagnie des Alpes, CDA (France), Silvrettaseilbahn AG (Ischgl) (Austria), Skistar (Sweden/Norway), Vail resorts (United States), Whistler Blackcomb (Canada) and Zermatt (Switzerland). Different types of practices are assessed. Results show that ski lift operators are highly active even if th…
Economics (32 works) · Geography (28 works) · Tourism (21 works) · Business (18 works) · Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research (18 works) · Demographic economics (15 works) · Computer Science (10 works) · Political science (10 works) · Econometrics (9 works) · Sport and Mega-Event Impacts (9 works)