Kishore Gawande
Biographic Data
| ID | 2014663 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Kishore Gawande |
| GIVEN NAMES | Kishore |
| FAMILY NAME | Gawande |
| SIGNATURE | GAWANDE K |
| AFFILIATIONS | The University of Texas at Austin |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2331-2512 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 20 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 137 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 20 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1995 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
State capacity, economic output, and public goods in China
Can decentralization lower poverty? Cambodia’s Commune and Sangkat Fund
Renewable Natural Resource Shocks and Conflict Intensity: Findings from India’s Ongoing Maoist Insurgency
An interesting stream of the civil conflict literature has identified an important subset of civil conflicts with disastrous consequences, that is, those that emerge as a consequence of shocks to renewable natural resources like land and water. This literature is, however, reliant on qualitative case studies when claiming a causal relationship leading from renewable resource shocks to conflict. In this article, we seek to advance the literature b…
(When) Do Antipoverty Programs Reduce Violence? India's Rural Employment Guarantee and Maoist Conflict
Theory and extensive evidence connect poverty and underdevelopment to civil conflict yet evidence on the impact of development programs on violence is surprisingly mixed. To break this impasse, we exploit a within-country policy experiment to examine the conditions under which antipoverty programs reduce violence. The roll-out of India's National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme caused a large long-run reduction in Maoist conflict violence, as m…
Comparing Discrete Distributions: Survey Validation and Survey Experiments
Field survey experiments often measure amorphous concepts in discretely ordered categories, with postsurvey analytics that fail to account for the discrete attributes of the data. This article demonstrates the use of discrete distribution tests, specifically the chi-square test and the discrete Kolmogorov—Smirnov (KS) test, as simple devices for comparing and analyzing ordered responses typically found in surveys. In Monte Carlo simulations, we f…
Free Riding and Protection for Sale1: Free Riding and Protection for Sale
Olson hypothesized that a latent group's ability to organize and contribute toward providing a public good might be jeopardized by free riding. The politics of trade protection feature the collective action problem, since protection benefits all firms in the industry including those who contributed nothing to attaining it. This paper examines the extent of free riding in lobbying over tariffs in the context of the Grossman and Helpman (1994) prot…
More Inequality, More Killings: The Maoist Insurgency in Nepal
The hypothesis of inequality as the source of violent conflict is investigated empirically in the context of killings by Nepalese Maoists in their People's War against their government during 1996–2003. The dependent variable is the total number of people killed during that period by Maoist rebels in each of 3,857 villages. Inequality is measured by the Gini, the Esteban‐Ray polarization index, and four other between‐groups indexes. Using models …
Dealing with Weak Instruments: An Application to the Protection for Sale Model
Endogeneity of explanatory variables is now receiving the concern it deserves in the empirical political science literature. Instrumental variables (IVs) estimators, such as two-stage least squares (2SLS), are the primary means for tackling this problem. These estimators solve the endogeneity problem by “instrumenting” the endogenous regressors using exogenous variables (the instruments). In many applications, a problem that the IV approach must …
What Governments Maximize and Why: The View from Trade
Policymaking power enables governments to redistribute income to powerful interests in society. However, some governments exhibit greater concern for aggregate welfare than others. This government behavior may itself be endogenously determined by a number of economic, political, and institutional factors. Trade policy, being fundamentally redistributive, provides a valuable context in which the welfare-mindedness of governments may be empirically…
Foreign informational lobbying can enhance tourism: Evidence from the Caribbean
Foreign Lobbies and U.S. Trade Policy
In popular discussion much has been made recently of the susceptibility of government policies to lobbying by foreigners. The general presumption has also been that such interactions have a deleterious effect on the home economy. However, it can be argued that, in a trade policy context, bending policy in a direction that would suit foreigners may not in fact be harmful: If the policy outcome absent any lobbying by foreigners is characterized by …
Lobbying and Agricultural Trade Policy in the United States
The authors study whether political campaign contributions influence agricultural protection in the United States in the manner suggested by the political economy model of Grossman and Helpman (1994). This is the first attempt to test this model using agricultural data. The authors test the model using a detailed cross-sectional data set of agricultural protection, subsidies, and political action committee (PAC) contributions in the late 1990s. T…
Governance and Performance: Theory‐Based Evidence from U.S. Coast Guard Inspections
Law enforcement by the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) is characterized by soft penalties for safety violations, low incidence of penalties relative to the number of violations, and substantial resources devoted to inspections of vessels. Under what conditions can such an enforcement strategy be effective? And is it? This article seeks answers to these two questions. Harrington's (1988 ) model is motivated by such facts about U.S. regulation in general, …
Coordination Failures and Government Policy: Evidence From Emerging Countries
Rodrik [JIE 1996] argues for coordinated government policy when emerging countries are stuck in a low wage equilibrium because of a coordination failure. Because the return to intermediate output is markedly below that realised when a minimum threshold number of varieties must produced in concert, the expectation of too few varieties is sufficient to discourage entry and keep a high tech sector from succeeding. Here we search for evidence consist…
A consumption-based theory of the environmental Kuznets curve
Is Protection for Sale? Evidence on the Grossman-Helpman Theory of Endogenous Protection
Grossman and Helpman (1994) present a theory of endogenous protection by explicitly modeling government-industry interactions for which mere “black-box” models previously existed. They obtain a Ramsey pricing-type solution to the provision of protection which emphasizes the role of inverse import penetration ratios and import elasticities. On the lobbying side, the model makes predictions about lobbying competition and lobbying spending according…
Internal migration and the environmental Kuznets curve for US hazardous waste sites
Retaliation, Bargaining, and the Pursuit of “Free and Fair” Trade
That domestic political economic factors are important determinants of a nation's trade barriers has been empirically well established. However, the question of how effective strategically retaliatory trade barriers are in deterring foreign protectionism has received far less systematic empirical attention. In this article we use bilateral nontariff barrier (NTB) data between the United States and five developed partner countries (Japan, France, …
Comparing Theories of Endogenous Protection: Bayesian Comparison of Tobit Models Using Gibbs Sampling Output
Bayesian inference and model comparisons are easily performed quite accurately using Gibbs sampling, even if (1) the likelihood is analytically intractable and (2) nonstandard prior probability density functions (pdfs) are required. In this study Bayesian model comparisons are performed among five competing theories of endogenous protection. Tariff and nontariff barrier data from 1983 between the United States and five OECD partner countries-Japa…
Are U.S. Nontariff Barriers Retaliatory? An Application of Extreme Bounds Analysis in the Tobit Model
The extreme bounds analysis in Leamer (1982) is extended to the Tobit model with censoring. The extension involves the simple modification of replacing the censored values of the dependent variable by their expectation conditional on the MLEs and using the negative of the Hessian evaluated at the MLEs in place of the inverse of the covariance matrix. The application of this method to a data set that pools U.S. nontariff barriers across industries…
More Inequality, More Killings: The Maoist Insurgency in Nepal
The hypothesis of inequality as the source of violent conflict is investigated empirically in the context of killings by Nepalese Maoists in their People's War against their government during 1996–2003. The dependent variable is the total number of people killed during that period by Maoist rebels in each of 3,857 villages. Inequality is measured by the Gini, the Esteban‐Ray polarization index, and four other between‐groups indexes. Using models …
(When) Do Antipoverty Programs Reduce Violence? India's Rural Employment Guarantee and Maoist Conflict
Theory and extensive evidence connect poverty and underdevelopment to civil conflict yet evidence on the impact of development programs on violence is surprisingly mixed. To break this impasse, we exploit a within-country policy experiment to examine the conditions under which antipoverty programs reduce violence. The roll-out of India's National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme caused a large long-run reduction in Maoist conflict violence, as m…
Renewable Natural Resource Shocks and Conflict Intensity: Findings from India’s Ongoing Maoist Insurgency
An interesting stream of the civil conflict literature has identified an important subset of civil conflicts with disastrous consequences, that is, those that emerge as a consequence of shocks to renewable natural resources like land and water. This literature is, however, reliant on qualitative case studies when claiming a causal relationship leading from renewable resource shocks to conflict. In this article, we seek to advance the literature b…
Retaliation, Bargaining, and the Pursuit of “Free and Fair” Trade
That domestic political economic factors are important determinants of a nation's trade barriers has been empirically well established. However, the question of how effective strategically retaliatory trade barriers are in deterring foreign protectionism has received far less systematic empirical attention. In this article we use bilateral nontariff barrier (NTB) data between the United States and five developed partner countries (Japan, France, …
What Governments Maximize and Why: The View from Trade
Policymaking power enables governments to redistribute income to powerful interests in society. However, some governments exhibit greater concern for aggregate welfare than others. This government behavior may itself be endogenously determined by a number of economic, political, and institutional factors. Trade policy, being fundamentally redistributive, provides a valuable context in which the welfare-mindedness of governments may be empirically…
Dealing with Weak Instruments: An Application to the Protection for Sale Model
Endogeneity of explanatory variables is now receiving the concern it deserves in the empirical political science literature. Instrumental variables (IVs) estimators, such as two-stage least squares (2SLS), are the primary means for tackling this problem. These estimators solve the endogeneity problem by “instrumenting” the endogenous regressors using exogenous variables (the instruments). In many applications, a problem that the IV approach must …
Lobbying and Agricultural Trade Policy in the United States
The authors study whether political campaign contributions influence agricultural protection in the United States in the manner suggested by the political economy model of Grossman and Helpman (1994). This is the first attempt to test this model using agricultural data. The authors test the model using a detailed cross-sectional data set of agricultural protection, subsidies, and political action committee (PAC) contributions in the late 1990s. T…
Foreign informational lobbying can enhance tourism: Evidence from the Caribbean
Can decentralization lower poverty? Cambodia’s Commune and Sangkat Fund
Free Riding and Protection for Sale1: Free Riding and Protection for Sale
Olson hypothesized that a latent group's ability to organize and contribute toward providing a public good might be jeopardized by free riding. The politics of trade protection feature the collective action problem, since protection benefits all firms in the industry including those who contributed nothing to attaining it. This paper examines the extent of free riding in lobbying over tariffs in the context of the Grossman and Helpman (1994) prot…
State capacity, economic output, and public goods in China
Comparing Discrete Distributions: Survey Validation and Survey Experiments
Field survey experiments often measure amorphous concepts in discretely ordered categories, with postsurvey analytics that fail to account for the discrete attributes of the data. This article demonstrates the use of discrete distribution tests, specifically the chi-square test and the discrete Kolmogorov—Smirnov (KS) test, as simple devices for comparing and analyzing ordered responses typically found in surveys. In Monte Carlo simulations, we f…
Are U.S. Nontariff Barriers Retaliatory? An Application of Extreme Bounds Analysis in the Tobit Model
The extreme bounds analysis in Leamer (1982) is extended to the Tobit model with censoring. The extension involves the simple modification of replacing the censored values of the dependent variable by their expectation conditional on the MLEs and using the negative of the Hessian evaluated at the MLEs in place of the inverse of the covariance matrix. The application of this method to a data set that pools U.S. nontariff barriers across industries…
Comparing Theories of Endogenous Protection: Bayesian Comparison of Tobit Models Using Gibbs Sampling Output
Bayesian inference and model comparisons are easily performed quite accurately using Gibbs sampling, even if (1) the likelihood is analytically intractable and (2) nonstandard prior probability density functions (pdfs) are required. In this study Bayesian model comparisons are performed among five competing theories of endogenous protection. Tariff and nontariff barrier data from 1983 between the United States and five OECD partner countries-Japa…
Retaliation, Bargaining, and the Pursuit of “Free and Fair” Trade
That domestic political economic factors are important determinants of a nation's trade barriers has been empirically well established. However, the question of how effective strategically retaliatory trade barriers are in deterring foreign protectionism has received far less systematic empirical attention. In this article we use bilateral nontariff barrier (NTB) data between the United States and five developed partner countries (Japan, France, …
Is Protection for Sale? Evidence on the Grossman-Helpman Theory of Endogenous Protection
Grossman and Helpman (1994) present a theory of endogenous protection by explicitly modeling government-industry interactions for which mere “black-box” models previously existed. They obtain a Ramsey pricing-type solution to the provision of protection which emphasizes the role of inverse import penetration ratios and import elasticities. On the lobbying side, the model makes predictions about lobbying competition and lobbying spending according…
Internal migration and the environmental Kuznets curve for US hazardous waste sites
A consumption-based theory of the environmental Kuznets curve
Coordination Failures and Government Policy: Evidence From Emerging Countries
Rodrik [JIE 1996] argues for coordinated government policy when emerging countries are stuck in a low wage equilibrium because of a coordination failure. Because the return to intermediate output is markedly below that realised when a minimum threshold number of varieties must produced in concert, the expectation of too few varieties is sufficient to discourage entry and keep a high tech sector from succeeding. Here we search for evidence consist…
Governance and Performance: Theory‐Based Evidence from U.S. Coast Guard Inspections
Law enforcement by the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) is characterized by soft penalties for safety violations, low incidence of penalties relative to the number of violations, and substantial resources devoted to inspections of vessels. Under what conditions can such an enforcement strategy be effective? And is it? This article seeks answers to these two questions. Harrington's (1988 ) model is motivated by such facts about U.S. regulation in general, …
Foreign Lobbies and U.S. Trade Policy
In popular discussion much has been made recently of the susceptibility of government policies to lobbying by foreigners. The general presumption has also been that such interactions have a deleterious effect on the home economy. However, it can be argued that, in a trade policy context, bending policy in a direction that would suit foreigners may not in fact be harmful: If the policy outcome absent any lobbying by foreigners is characterized by …
Lobbying and Agricultural Trade Policy in the United States
The authors study whether political campaign contributions influence agricultural protection in the United States in the manner suggested by the political economy model of Grossman and Helpman (1994). This is the first attempt to test this model using agricultural data. The authors test the model using a detailed cross-sectional data set of agricultural protection, subsidies, and political action committee (PAC) contributions in the late 1990s. T…
Foreign informational lobbying can enhance tourism: Evidence from the Caribbean
Dealing with Weak Instruments: An Application to the Protection for Sale Model
Endogeneity of explanatory variables is now receiving the concern it deserves in the empirical political science literature. Instrumental variables (IVs) estimators, such as two-stage least squares (2SLS), are the primary means for tackling this problem. These estimators solve the endogeneity problem by “instrumenting” the endogenous regressors using exogenous variables (the instruments). In many applications, a problem that the IV approach must …
What Governments Maximize and Why: The View from Trade
Policymaking power enables governments to redistribute income to powerful interests in society. However, some governments exhibit greater concern for aggregate welfare than others. This government behavior may itself be endogenously determined by a number of economic, political, and institutional factors. Trade policy, being fundamentally redistributive, provides a valuable context in which the welfare-mindedness of governments may be empirically…
More Inequality, More Killings: The Maoist Insurgency in Nepal
The hypothesis of inequality as the source of violent conflict is investigated empirically in the context of killings by Nepalese Maoists in their People's War against their government during 1996–2003. The dependent variable is the total number of people killed during that period by Maoist rebels in each of 3,857 villages. Inequality is measured by the Gini, the Esteban‐Ray polarization index, and four other between‐groups indexes. Using models …
Comparing Discrete Distributions: Survey Validation and Survey Experiments
Field survey experiments often measure amorphous concepts in discretely ordered categories, with postsurvey analytics that fail to account for the discrete attributes of the data. This article demonstrates the use of discrete distribution tests, specifically the chi-square test and the discrete Kolmogorov—Smirnov (KS) test, as simple devices for comparing and analyzing ordered responses typically found in surveys. In Monte Carlo simulations, we f…
Free Riding and Protection for Sale1: Free Riding and Protection for Sale
Olson hypothesized that a latent group's ability to organize and contribute toward providing a public good might be jeopardized by free riding. The politics of trade protection feature the collective action problem, since protection benefits all firms in the industry including those who contributed nothing to attaining it. This paper examines the extent of free riding in lobbying over tariffs in the context of the Grossman and Helpman (1994) prot…
Renewable Natural Resource Shocks and Conflict Intensity: Findings from India’s Ongoing Maoist Insurgency
An interesting stream of the civil conflict literature has identified an important subset of civil conflicts with disastrous consequences, that is, those that emerge as a consequence of shocks to renewable natural resources like land and water. This literature is, however, reliant on qualitative case studies when claiming a causal relationship leading from renewable resource shocks to conflict. In this article, we seek to advance the literature b…
(When) Do Antipoverty Programs Reduce Violence? India's Rural Employment Guarantee and Maoist Conflict
Theory and extensive evidence connect poverty and underdevelopment to civil conflict yet evidence on the impact of development programs on violence is surprisingly mixed. To break this impasse, we exploit a within-country policy experiment to examine the conditions under which antipoverty programs reduce violence. The roll-out of India's National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme caused a large long-run reduction in Maoist conflict violence, as m…
Can decentralization lower poverty? Cambodia’s Commune and Sangkat Fund
State capacity, economic output, and public goods in China
Economics (19 works) · Political science (10 works) · Global trade and economics (8 works) · Business (7 works) · Econometrics (7 works) · Law (7 works) · Law (6 works) · Computer Science (5 works) · Economic growth (5 works) · International economics (5 works)