E M Beck
Biographic Data
| ID | 20257 |
|---|---|
| NAME | E M Beck |
| GIVEN NAMES | E M |
| FAMILY NAME | Beck |
| SIGNATURE | BECK E M |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Georgia |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 49 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 786 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 49 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1973 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2019 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
Torture and Desecration in the American South, an Exclamation Point on White Supremacy, 1877–1950
Prior research has revealed a great deal about the frequency of southern lynchings and how and why they varied in intensity across space and over time. In this study, we consider two characteristics of lynching incidents about which there has been much speculation, but little actual evidence: (1) whether the victim was tortured before death and (2) whether the victim’s corpse was desecrated. We use data on 3,767 completed lynchings in 11 southern…
Racialized Terrorism” in the American South: Do Completed Lynchings Tell an Accurate Story
Past empirical research into the history of racially motivated mob violence in the American South has relied almost exclusively on the record of completed lynchings. In this article, we propose that a better definition of “racialized terrorism” would also include the record of lynching threats. Using a newly available confirmed inventory of lynching threats for 11 Southern states from 1880 to 1929, we demonstrate that the total quantum of raciali…
Migration and protest in the Jim Crow South
Contested Terrain: The State versus Threatened Lynch Mob Violence
Prior research on mob violence in the American South has focused on lynchings that were successfully completed. Here, the authors explore new territory by studying the relationship between state interventions in threatened mob violence and industrial expansion in the South. Using a newly available inventory of lynching threats, they find that the frequency of extraordinary state interventions to avoid mob violence between 1880 and 1909 was positi…
Targeting Lynch Victims: Social Marginality or Status Transgressions
This article presents the first evidence based on a newly-compiled database of known lynch victims. Using information from the original census enumerators' manuscripts, we identify individual- and household-level characteristics of more than 900 black males lynched in 10 southern states between 1882 and 1929. First, we use the information for successfully linked cases to present a profile of individual- and household-level characteristics of a la…
Personalizing Lynch Victims: A New Database to Support the Study of Mob Violence
The authors describe the development of a data source that facilitates the inclusion of individual victims and their characteristics in the study of lynching in the southern United States. Using an inventory of 2,800 lynch victims from 10 states between 1882 and 1930, they develop a methodological approach that allows them to locate victims in the census immediately preceding the lynching. The database will include census information on the victi…
Strangers, Community Miscreants, or Locals: Who Were the Black Victims of Mob Violence
Lynch mob violence was common in the American South between 1880 and 1930 and has been extensively studied by social scientists. Some have asserted that the victims of lynchings were more likely to be strangers in their communities because of their weak ties to the local social structure. In this article, the authors examined critically the evidence offered to support that hypothesis and found it wanting. Further, using data from lynchings in Geo…
Guess Who's Coming to Town: White Supremacy, Ethnic Competition, and Social Change
This paper is an attempt to understand more thoroughly the dynamics of white racist movements by exploring the socioeconomic factors associated with communities targeted by the Ku Klux Klan for their public activities. Ethnic competition theory is utilized to provide clues for understanding which social environments are conducive to formation of racist and white nationalist movements. Locational data on almost 900 incidents of white supremacy act…
Democracy Betrayed: The Wilmington Race Riot of 1898 and Its Legacy
The Color of the Law: Race, Violence, and Justice in the Post-World War II South
Forum: Revisiting A Festival of Violence
When, more than 30 years ago, I was writing my second graduate research paper, I was strongly advised by the professor in the course, John Morton Blum, to give up my effort to weigh the factors that I hypothesized might have caused the phenomenon that I was trying to explain.Just list all the causes for which there was any credible evidence, I was told; don't try even to rank them and certainly don't waste your time attempting to reject any.It's …
Incorporating Space into Social Histories: How Spatial Processes Operate and How We Observe Them
Social historians study social, political, demographic and economic phenomena which take place in geographical space, yet “space” rarely enters historical discourse explicitly as an analytic construct. Given the recent interest among social historians in “localizing” social processes, it is unfortunate that almost all of our efforts have gone toward recognizing the significance of time, to the relative neglect of space. For example, social histor…
A Festival of Violence: An Analysis of Southern Lynchings, 1882-1930
A Festival of Violence: An Analysis of Southern Lynchings, 1882-1930.
A Festival of Violence: An Analysis of Southern Lynchings, 1882-1930
A Festival of Violence: An Analysis of Southern Lynchings, 1882-1930
A Festival of Violence: An Analysis of Southern Lynchings, 1882-1930
Journal Article A Festival of Violence: An Analysis of Southern Lynchings, 1882–1930. By Stewart E. Tolnay and E. M. Beck. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1995 and Lynchings: Extralegal Violence in Florida during the 1930s. By Walter T. Howard. Selinsgrove: Susquehanna University Press, 1995 Get access Allen W. Trelease Allen W. Trelease University of North Carolina, Greensboro, North Carolina Search for other works by this author on: Oxfor…
A Festival of Violence: An Analysis of Southern Lynchings, 1882-1930
Vicarious Violence: Spatial Effects on Southern Lynchings, 1890-1919
This article considers what effect lynchings in one location had on lynchings elsewhere. The "contagion" model predicts that lynchings in one area increased the probability of lynchings in nearby areas, while the "deterrence" model expects the probability of lynchings in a given locale to decline when lynchings occurred elsewhere. County-level data for 10 southern states yield strong evidence of a negative spatial effect for three time periods (1…
Analyzing Historical Count Data: Poisson and Negative Binomial Regression Models
Persistent Inequalities: Wage Disparity under Capitalist Competition
Up to now, most radical, as well as neoclassical, economists have assumed that significant wage differentials among workers of similar skill and ability will endure only when competition in the capital and/or labor market is seriously restricted. In contrast, this work uses a classical Marxist analysis of real capitalist competition to show that substantial patterns of wage disparity can persist despite high levels of competition and significant …
A Season for violence: The lynching of Blacks and Labor Demand in the Agricultural Production Cycle in the American South
In this paper we explore the hypothesis that monthly variation in white mob violence against blacks in the American South was affected by seasonal variation in the demand for labor in southern agriculture. Using monthly data on black lynchings that occurred between 1882 and 1930 we find that mob violence was more frequent during times of stronger labor demand than during slack periods. While the manifest function of lynchings might well have been…
Racial Violence and Black Migration in the American South, 1910 to 1930
We test a model of reciprocal causation between racial violence and black net out-migration from southern [U.S.] counties during the era of the Great Migration. Using county-level data for ten southern states including a new inventory of southern lynchings we find support for the model during two decades 1910-1920 and 1920-1930. Out-migration of blacks was heaviest from counties where more lynchings had occurred and in turn counties that witnesse…
Black Flight: Lethal Violence and the Great Migration, 1900–1930
After decades of relative residential stability, southern blacks began migrating in striking numbers following the turn of the twentieth century. Reconstruction and Redemption saw a fair amount of short-distance movement as black tenant farmers exchanged one landlord for another in search of favorable financial arrangements. Some blacks moved across state lines, generally toward the Southwest, in pursuit of King Cotton and the livelihood it promi…
Black Flight: Lethal Violence and the Great Migration, 1900-1930
Stratification in a Dual Economy: A Sectoral Model of Earnings Determination
Hughes, E. C. 1966 making of a physician; general statement of ideas and problems. Pp. 96-9 in W. R. Scott and E. H. Volkart (eds.), Medical Care. New York: Wiley. Kemeny, John G. and J. L. Snell 1960 Finite Markov Chains. Princeton: Van Nostrand. Mayer, Thomas F. 1972 Models of intergenerational mobility. Pp. 308-57 in J. Berger, M. Zelditch, Jr. and B. Anderson (eds.), Sociological Theories in Progress, Vol. 2. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Merton,…
The Structure of Economic Segmentation: A Dual Economy Approach
We note the need for a measure of economic segmentation based on current empirical data for a range of theoretically relevant indicators. Drawing on a dual economy interpretation of the relationship between economic organization and labor market structure, we identify a set of empirical indicators which relate to the degree of oligopoly versus competition in industrial settings. We use factor analysis to test the dual economists' expectation of a…
The Killing Fields of the Deep South: The Market for Cotton and the Lynching of Blacks, 1882-1930
We reconsider the relationship between economic conditions and the lynching of blacks in the Deep South from 1882 to 1930 using time series analysis. Net of other factors, lynchings were more frequent in years when the constant dollar price of cotton was declining and inflationary pressure was increasing. Relative size of the black population was also positively related to lynching. We conclude that mob violence against southern blacks responded …
Racial Violence and Black Migration in the American South, 1910 to 1930
We test a model of reciprocal causation between racial violence and black net out-migration from southern [U.S.] counties during the era of the Great Migration. Using county-level data for ten southern states including a new inventory of southern lynchings we find support for the model during two decades 1910-1920 and 1920-1930. Out-migration of blacks was heaviest from counties where more lynchings had occurred and in turn counties that witnesse…
Vicarious Violence: Spatial Effects on Southern Lynchings, 1890-1919
This article considers what effect lynchings in one location had on lynchings elsewhere. The "contagion" model predicts that lynchings in one area increased the probability of lynchings in nearby areas, while the "deterrence" model expects the probability of lynchings in a given locale to decline when lynchings occurred elsewhere. County-level data for 10 southern states yield strong evidence of a negative spatial effect for three time periods (1…
Industrial Segmentation and Labor Market Discrimination
The economic segmentation literature suggests two mechanisms by which the inferior position of minority within the socioeconomic structure of industrial capitalism is perpetuated. The first is the differential allocation of minority labor to different segments of the industrial economy, and the second is the differential evaluation of minority credentials within different industrial segments. Using data from the 1976 Current Population Survey we …
Guess Who's Coming to Town: White Supremacy, Ethnic Competition, and Social Change
This paper is an attempt to understand more thoroughly the dynamics of white racist movements by exploring the socioeconomic factors associated with communities targeted by the Ku Klux Klan for their public activities. Ethnic competition theory is utilized to provide clues for understanding which social environments are conducive to formation of racist and white nationalist movements. Locational data on almost 900 incidents of white supremacy act…
The Gallows, the Mob, and The Vote: Lethal Sanctioning of Blacks in North Carolina and Georgia, 1882 to 1930
This paper examines the relationship between lynchings and executions of blacks in North Carolina and Georgia between 1882 and 1930 as well as before and after the political disenfranchisement of blacks in both states. The findings are used to assess two competing models of the relationship between these different types of lethal sanctioning. No supporting evidence is found for a "substitution model," which predicts a negative relationship betwee…
Social Stratification in Industrial Society: Further Evidence for a Structural Alternative
Labor Unionism and Racial Income Inequality: A Time-Series Analysis of the Post-World War II Period
In this paper the effects of labor unionism on the degree of interrace and intrarace income inequality in the post-World War II Period are investigated. Two opposing theoretical positions are outlined: the first views unionism as a means of maintaining the favorable economic status of whites to the detriment of nonwhites, whereas the second position views unionism as a manifestation of the consciousness of the working class in capitalistic societ…
Analyzing Historical Count Data: Poisson and Negative Binomial Regression Models
Black Lynchings: The Power Threat Hypothesis Revisited
Journal Article Black Lynchings: The Power Threat Hypothesis Revisited Get access Stewart E. Tolnay, Stewart E. Tolnay State University of New York at Albany Direct correspondence to Stewart Tolnay, Department of Sociology, State University of New York-Albany, Albany, NY 12222. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. M. Beck, E. M. Beck University of Georgia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Acad…
Targeting Lynch Victims: Social Marginality or Status Transgressions
This article presents the first evidence based on a newly-compiled database of known lynch victims. Using information from the original census enumerators' manuscripts, we identify individual- and household-level characteristics of more than 900 black males lynched in 10 southern states between 1882 and 1929. First, we use the information for successfully linked cases to present a profile of individual- and household-level characteristics of a la…
Contested Terrain: The State versus Threatened Lynch Mob Violence
Prior research on mob violence in the American South has focused on lynchings that were successfully completed. Here, the authors explore new territory by studying the relationship between state interventions in threatened mob violence and industrial expansion in the South. Using a newly available inventory of lynching threats, they find that the frequency of extraordinary state interventions to avoid mob violence between 1880 and 1909 was positi…
The Circle Has No Close
Personalizing Lynch Victims: A New Database to Support the Study of Mob Violence
The authors describe the development of a data source that facilitates the inclusion of individual victims and their characteristics in the study of lynching in the southern United States. Using an inventory of 2,800 lynch victims from 10 states between 1882 and 1930, they develop a methodological approach that allows them to locate victims in the census immediately preceding the lynching. The database will include census information on the victi…
Incorporating Space into Social Histories: How Spatial Processes Operate and How We Observe Them
Social historians study social, political, demographic and economic phenomena which take place in geographical space, yet “space” rarely enters historical discourse explicitly as an analytic construct. Given the recent interest among social historians in “localizing” social processes, it is unfortunate that almost all of our efforts have gone toward recognizing the significance of time, to the relative neglect of space. For example, social histor…
A Season for violence: The lynching of Blacks and Labor Demand in the Agricultural Production Cycle in the American South
In this paper we explore the hypothesis that monthly variation in white mob violence against blacks in the American South was affected by seasonal variation in the demand for labor in southern agriculture. Using monthly data on black lynchings that occurred between 1882 and 1930 we find that mob violence was more frequent during times of stronger labor demand than during slack periods. While the manifest function of lynchings might well have been…
Black Flight: Lethal Violence and the Great Migration, 1900-1930
Equal Work, Unequal Pay: Gender Discrimination within Work-Similar Occupations
Despite legislative and legal aids designed to reduce the persistent earnings inequality between employed males and females, there is little evidence of improvement over the past 40 years. One difficulty with research on this topic has been the inability to distinguish gender discrimination-unequal pay for equal work-from earnings differences due to dissimilar work. This article describes an empirical method to identify work-similar occupations u…
A canonical approach to assessing occupational mobility matrices
Strangers, Community Miscreants, or Locals: Who Were the Black Victims of Mob Violence
Lynch mob violence was common in the American South between 1880 and 1930 and has been extensively studied by social scientists. Some have asserted that the victims of lynchings were more likely to be strangers in their communities because of their weak ties to the local social structure. In this article, the authors examined critically the evidence offered to support that hypothesis and found it wanting. Further, using data from lynchings in Geo…
The Power Threat Hypothesis and Black Lynching: "Witger" the Evidence
The American Educational Structure and the Reproduction of Social Class
While considerable attention has been drawn to 'reproduction' theories of education, little empirical research has been conducted within this framework. This paper uses the reproduction perspective to examine how various mechanisms of the American educational structure contribute to the maintenance of the mental-manual division of labor within class structure. Using a national, longitudinal sample of high school seniors, we look at the reproducti…
Torture and Desecration in the American South, an Exclamation Point on White Supremacy, 1877–1950
Prior research has revealed a great deal about the frequency of southern lynchings and how and why they varied in intensity across space and over time. In this study, we consider two characteristics of lynching incidents about which there has been much speculation, but little actual evidence: (1) whether the victim was tortured before death and (2) whether the victim’s corpse was desecrated. We use data on 3,767 completed lynchings in 11 southern…
Social Status and Personality Factors in Predicting Interviewer Performance
Results are reported from an investigation of the predictive power of three interviewer social status and five personality factors in a multiple regression . analysis with four interviewer performance criteria. Personality factors are found to be more predictive of performance than social status. Clearly, one can improve the probability of hiring quality interviewers by collecting and evaluating social status and personality characteristics of ap…
A canonical approach to assessing occupational mobility matrices
On the Relationship Between First Occupation and Current Occupational Status
Peer Reviewed
Intervention Theory and Method
Conflict change and stability: A reciprocal interaction in schools
Journal Article Conflict Change and Stability: A Reciprocal Interaction in Schools Get access E. M. Beck E. M. Beck University of Michigan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, Volume 52, Issue 4, June 1974, Pages 517–531, https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/52.4.517 Published: 01 June 1974
A Comparative Analysis of Organizational Conflict in Schools
Conflict is analyzed as a function of the organizational conditions of school size, teaching, specialization, and the centralization of authority. The inter-relationships among these explanatory variables and two forms of organizational conflict are explored with data from thirty-eight elementary and fifteen secondary schools. Conflict is classified as either intraor inter-stratum contingent upon the parties involved in the conflictual situation.…
Stratification in a Dual Economy: A Sectoral Model of Earnings Determination
Hughes, E. C. 1966 making of a physician; general statement of ideas and problems. Pp. 96-9 in W. R. Scott and E. H. Volkart (eds.), Medical Care. New York: Wiley. Kemeny, John G. and J. L. Snell 1960 Finite Markov Chains. Princeton: Van Nostrand. Mayer, Thomas F. 1972 Models of intergenerational mobility. Pp. 308-57 in J. Berger, M. Zelditch, Jr. and B. Anderson (eds.), Sociological Theories in Progress, Vol. 2. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Merton,…
Discrimination and White Economic Loss: A Time Series Examination of the Radical Model
Journal Article Discrimination and White Economic Loss: A Time Series Examination of the Radical Model Get access E. M. Beck E. M. Beck University of Georgia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, Volume 59, Issue 1, September 1980, Pages 148–168, https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/59.1.148 Published: 01 September 1980
Social Stratification in Industrial Society: Further Evidence for a Structural Alternative
Industrial Segmentation and Labor Market Discrimination
The economic segmentation literature suggests two mechanisms by which the inferior position of minority within the socioeconomic structure of industrial capitalism is perpetuated. The first is the differential allocation of minority labor to different segments of the industrial economy, and the second is the differential evaluation of minority credentials within different industrial segments. Using data from the 1976 Current Population Survey we …
The Structure of Economic Segmentation: A Dual Economy Approach
We note the need for a measure of economic segmentation based on current empirical data for a range of theoretically relevant indicators. Drawing on a dual economy interpretation of the relationship between economic organization and labor market structure, we identify a set of empirical indicators which relate to the degree of oligopoly versus competition in industrial settings. We use factor analysis to test the dual economists' expectation of a…
Labor Unionism and Racial Income Inequality: A Time-Series Analysis of the Post-World War II Period
In this paper the effects of labor unionism on the degree of interrace and intrarace income inequality in the post-World War II Period are investigated. Two opposing theoretical positions are outlined: the first views unionism as a means of maintaining the favorable economic status of whites to the detriment of nonwhites, whereas the second position views unionism as a manifestation of the consciousness of the working class in capitalistic societ…
The Circle Has No Close
Class Ideologies and Educational Futures
Equal Work, Unequal Pay: Gender Discrimination within Work-Similar Occupations
Despite legislative and legal aids designed to reduce the persistent earnings inequality between employed males and females, there is little evidence of improvement over the past 40 years. One difficulty with research on this topic has been the inability to distinguish gender discrimination-unequal pay for equal work-from earnings differences due to dissimilar work. This article describes an empirical method to identify work-similar occupations u…
The American Educational Structure and the Reproduction of Social Class
While considerable attention has been drawn to 'reproduction' theories of education, little empirical research has been conducted within this framework. This paper uses the reproduction perspective to examine how various mechanisms of the American educational structure contribute to the maintenance of the mental-manual division of labor within class structure. Using a national, longitudinal sample of high school seniors, we look at the reproducti…
The Changing Labor Market: A Longitudinal Study of Young Men
Oligopoly Capitalism, Labor Organization, and Wages of Workers in American Manufacturing Industries
This article investigates the interaction between oligopoly power, labor unionization, and worker wages. Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics for workers in manufacturing industries little evidence is found that workers are exploited by oligopolistic employers, but rather wages for production workers increase with both unionization and employer's market power. There is evidence, however, that unionization reduces variation in wages …
"Karl and Sociology's "Black Hole
The Power Threat Hypothesis and Black Lynching: "Wither" the Evidence
Journal Article The Power Threat Hypothesis and Black Lynching: “Wither” the Evidence? Get access Stewart E. Tolnay, Stewart E. Tolnay State University of New York at Albany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. M. Beck, E. M. Beck University of Georgia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar James L. Massey James L. Massey Northern Illinois University Search for other works b…
The Gallows, the Mob, and The Vote: Lethal Sanctioning of Blacks in North Carolina and Georgia, 1882 to 1930
This paper examines the relationship between lynchings and executions of blacks in North Carolina and Georgia between 1882 and 1930 as well as before and after the political disenfranchisement of blacks in both states. The findings are used to assess two competing models of the relationship between these different types of lethal sanctioning. No supporting evidence is found for a "substitution model," which predicts a negative relationship betwee…
The Power Threat Hypothesis and Black Lynching: "Witger" the Evidence
Black Lynchings: The Power Threat Hypothesis Revisited
Journal Article Black Lynchings: The Power Threat Hypothesis Revisited Get access Stewart E. Tolnay, Stewart E. Tolnay State University of New York at Albany Direct correspondence to Stewart Tolnay, Department of Sociology, State University of New York-Albany, Albany, NY 12222. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. M. Beck, E. M. Beck University of Georgia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Acad…
Black Flight: Lethal Violence and the Great Migration, 1900–1930
After decades of relative residential stability, southern blacks began migrating in striking numbers following the turn of the twentieth century. Reconstruction and Redemption saw a fair amount of short-distance movement as black tenant farmers exchanged one landlord for another in search of favorable financial arrangements. Some blacks moved across state lines, generally toward the Southwest, in pursuit of King Cotton and the livelihood it promi…
Black Flight: Lethal Violence and the Great Migration, 1900-1930
Sociology (32 works) · Political science (23 works) · Race, History, and American Society (20 works) · Economics (18 works) · Law (16 works) · Psychology (15 works) · History (14 works) · Criminology (13 works) · Geography (12 works) · Demographic economics (10 works)