J E Jackson
Biographic Data
| ID | 21738 |
|---|---|
| NAME | J E Jackson |
| GIVEN NAMES | J E |
| FAMILY NAME | Jackson |
| SIGNATURE | JACKSON J E |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Michigan |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6629-4660 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 48 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 802 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 48 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1918 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
Tributes to Robert W. McChesney
To conclude our special issue on Robert W. McChesney's legacy, MR presents a series of tributes capturing his impact on the world around him. The diversity represented by these illustrious contributors, from his colleagues at the media watch group Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting (FAIR) to Senator Bernie Sanders, is a testament to McChesney's enduring influence
Revisiting Ideology Measures in Political Surveys
The empirical evidence in this article demonstrates that responses to the regularly included questions in the American National Election Study asking respondents to place themselves on an Extremely Liberal to Extremely Conservative scale (LibCon) increasingly contain valid and useful information for a wide range of political analyses. Responses to this question in recent decades provide reliable summaries of respondents’ positions on a range of s…
Estimating peer political influence with large N observational data on ego-centered social networks
Structural and Social Determinants of Health Factors Associated with County-Level Variation in Non-Adherence to Antihypertensive Medication Treatment
AHM non-adherence varies by geographical location, one-third of which is explained by contextual SDH factors including poverty/food insecurity, weak social supports and healthy built environments
Corrected Standard Errors with Clustered Data
The use of cluster robust standard errors (CRSE) is common as data are often collected from units, such as cities, states or countries, with multiple observations per unit. There is considerable discussion of how best to estimate standard errors and confidence intervals when using CRSE (Harden 2011; Imbens and Kolesár 2016; MacKinnon and Webb 2017; Esarey and Menger 2019). Extensive simulations in this literature and here show that CRSE seriously…
Location, location, location: The Davis-Hinich model of electoral competition
Symposium on Models of Path Dependence
The symposium develops statistical models and methods for the study of path dependence. In this introductory essay, the connections between key areas in the path dependence and statistical literatures are illuminated. And some ways in which familiar time series and regression models embody these ideas are explained. The arguments in the articles in the symposium then are summarized and compared. Finally, directions for additional, statistically g…
Modeling, Measuring, and Distinguishing Path Dependence, Outcome Dependence, and Outcome Independence
Path dependence is commonly used to describe processes where “history matters,” which encompasses many different kinds of temporal dynamics. This essay distinguishes path-, or equilibrium-, dependent processes where early conditions continue to matter, from outcome-dependent processes where recent history matters and from outcome-independent processes where history does not matter. Others have argued for a precise and restrictive definition of pa…
Connecting Micro- and Macropartisanship
This paper extends models of micro- and macropartisanship in two ways. It first develops a model of individual partisanship that accommodates changes in partisan utilities. Achen's Bayesian partisan updating is a special case of our model. This more general micromodel is then aggregated to create a model of macropartisanship. This macromodel is a more general version of the models of macropartisanship estimated by various authors. The less restri…
Buying support and regime change: The evolution of Polish attitudes towards the EU and voting between accession and 2008
Positive assessments of what entry to the European Union (EU) meant for Poland and for Poles increased after the 2003 vote to join and dramatically so after accession. Analysis of panel data from 2003 and 2008 shows the increase in positive assessments is related to the size of EU transfers and to increases in personal income, particularly for assessments of personal benefits. The attitude changes are also related to variables associated with ind…
A Formulation of Path Dependence with an Empirical Example
We develop the empirical implications of Page’s (2006) definition of path dependence as a process where the sequence of historical events affects the final outcome. A critical necessary condition for path dependence in common dynamic models is a time-varying autoregressive parameter whose value becomes 1 at some point. Failure to meet this condition results in a path independent process whose equilibrium outcome is only a function of the current …
Samuel J. Eldersveld
Samuel J. Eldersveld, Professor Emeritus of Political Science at the University of Michigan and former mayor of Ann Arbor, Michigan, passed away in Ann Arbor on March 5, 2010, at age 92. This closed a chapter on an extraordinary association with the University of Michigan, the discipline of political science, and the city of Ann Arbor, associations that brought remarkable change to each
Party strategies and electoral competition in post-Communist countries: Evidence from Poland
Douleur, deuil, mémoire
Democratic Institutions and Economic Reform: The Polish Case
Analyses of the economic transformation of the Polish economy and of the 1993 elections to the parliament suggest it is possible to proceed with pro-market and democratic reforms simultaneously. As demonstrated by the Polish case, the key to this process is the rate at which new enterprises are created. These enterprises, not the privatization of existing ones, are primarily responsible for the creation of a growing private economy. This evolving…
A Seemingly Unrelated Regression Model for Analyzing Multiparty Elections
This paper develops an estimator for models of election returns in multiparty elections. It shares the same functional formas the Katz—King estimator but is computationally simpler, can be used with any number of parties, and is based on more conventional distributional assumptions. Small sample properties of the estimator are derived, which makes it particularly useful in many of the applications where there are a relatively small number of voti…
Abramo Fimo Kenneth Organski
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button
Smallholder Horticulture in Zimbabwe
Philippe Denis: L'Insecte Dans l'Obscurité Du Bois
On Literary Subjectivity in the Seventeenth Century
In psychoanalytic theory, the notion of the person inevitably evokes the notion of subjectivity. Not that the former can be reduced to the latter; but if psychoanalytic theory is anything more a certain type of therapeutic practice, it is indeed a theory of the subject or a theory of the subjective relation. We should perhaps begin by specifying that the subjective relation must be understood as a complex whole: an intrapsychic relation, that is,…
Métamorphoses du verbe: Différenciations poétiques dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle
Verbal metamorphoses, poetic differenciations In the second half of the 19th century . Poetry's self-consciousness is nowhere so manifest as in 19th century France- but it takes on a dialogical form with the most important authors, as Nerval's Vers dorés, Baudelaire's Correspondances, Rimbaud's Voyelles and Mallarmé 's sonnet in -yx, where the fixed form of the sonnet is dynamised by a reflection on the very limits of verbal power, demonstrate
Attitudes, No Opinions, and Guesses
This article presents a statistical model of the survey response that includes both a measure of the respondent's likely true attitude and a measure of the probability that the respondent is uncertain about her or his attitude and is “guessing” at a response. This latter possibility introduces systematic measurement error that may bias efforts to get unbiased estimates of attitudes. The model and the likely consequences of guessing are illustrate…
Endogenous Preferences and the Study of Institutions
The assumption that individual preferences, or attitudes, are fixed and exogenously determined is central to many studies of political and economic institutions, such as markets and elections. We present a Bayesian model of adaptive preferences and empirical evidence consistent with that model to argue that preferences are not always exogenous and fixed. The changing relationships between partisanship and preferences on civil rights issues betwee…
Ideology, Interest Group Scores, and Legislative Votes
This article reviews writings by economists and political scientists on the importance of ideology in governmental decision making. We consider various problems in this research, discuss several shortcomings in these recent studies in the context of the larger literature on legislative behavior, and demonstrate the statistical inconsistency of the commonly used methodologies based on interest group scores
Institutions in American Society: Essays in Market, Political, and Social Organizations
The Dynamics of Party Identification
This article presents a model of individuals' party identification that contrasts with previous models. Past models, with the few recent exceptions noted, assume a hierarchical relationship either from identification to other aspects of political behavior, such as the perception and evaluation of issues and candidates, or from these behaviors to party identifications. The model discussed here places party within a dynamic concept of the electoral…
Ideology, Interest Group Scores, and Legislative Votes
This article reviews writings by economists and political scientists on the importance of ideology in governmental decision making. We consider various problems in this research, discuss several shortcomings in these recent studies in the context of the larger literature on legislative behavior, and demonstrate the statistical inconsistency of the commonly used methodologies based on interest group scores
Issues, Party Choices, and Presidential Votes
This paper presents an alternative interpretation of the role played by issues and people's evaluations of the parties' positions on different issues in the electoral process. The statistical model presented and estimated in the paper departs from previous studies by hypothesizing a model in which people's issue positions, their evaluations of the parties' positions, and the strength of their party identifications are simultaneously related to ea…
Endogenous Preferences and the Study of Institutions
The assumption that individual preferences, or attitudes, are fixed and exogenously determined is central to many studies of political and economic institutions, such as markets and elections. We present a Bayesian model of adaptive preferences and empirical evidence consistent with that model to argue that preferences are not always exogenous and fixed. The changing relationships between partisanship and preferences on civil rights issues betwee…
Public Goods, Private Interests, and Representation
We estimate a model of House members' roll call voting decisions embodying some hypotheses about representation, including estimates of the influence of district opinion on broad collective issues relative to personal economic interests, of the effect of electoral security on constituency responsiveness, and of the difference in constituency and party voting among Republicans and Democrats. This model is estimated with votes taken during delibera…
A Seemingly Unrelated Regression Model for Analyzing Multiparty Elections
This paper develops an estimator for models of election returns in multiparty elections. It shares the same functional formas the Katz—King estimator but is computationally simpler, can be used with any number of parties, and is based on more conventional distributional assumptions. Small sample properties of the estimator are derived, which makes it particularly useful in many of the applications where there are a relatively small number of voti…
The Systematic Beliefs of the Mass Public: Estimating Policy Preferences with Survey Data
This paper develops and estimates a model that relates individuals' policy preferences to three basic terms: (1) a common orientation that affects positions on all items in an issue domain and that explicitly represents the constraint concept; (2) a question-specific term that represents the influence of impacts and interests associated with the explicit policy in question; and (3) party identifications. Each of these components is hypothesized t…
Election Night Reporting and Voter Turnout
This report gives the results of the analysis of data collected from a subset of the respondents in the 1980 Presidential Election Study, which ascertained what time of day the person voted, what election night news they heard, and when they heard that news. This analysis indicates that many people heard projections of the presidential election outcome before the local polls closed, that hearing news of the projected outcome decreased the likelih…
Connecting Micro- and Macropartisanship
This paper extends models of micro- and macropartisanship in two ways. It first develops a model of individual partisanship that accommodates changes in partisan utilities. Achen's Bayesian partisan updating is a special case of our model. This more general micromodel is then aggregated to create a model of macropartisanship. This macromodel is a more general version of the models of macropartisanship estimated by various authors. The less restri…
Estimation of Models with Variable Coefficients
The ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator gives biased coefficient estimates if coefficients are not constant for all cases but vary systematically with the explanatory variables. This article discusses several different ways to estimate models with systematically and randomly varying coefficients using estimated generalized least squares and maximum likelihood procedures. A Monte Carlo simulation of the different methods is presented to illustr…
An Errors-in-Variables Approach to Estimating Models with Small Area Data
Many important social science models are estimated with subnational units, such as states, congressional districts, or counties as the units of observation. These analyses may require estimates of population characteristics for these units that are not readily available from published sources. Frequently the size and number of these units make direct data collection, such as household surveys, prohibitively expensive or completely infeasible. The…
The Individual Political Economy of Federal Tax Policy
Public policies are the product of conflicting demands within society. These demands are both collective in nature and the product of individual interests. Individuals must balance these conflicting interests in developing their policy preferences. We estimate the role of collective and individual interests in preference formation, using tax policy as a substantive example. Survey data are used to estimate the model for evaluations of several tax…
Democratic Institutions and Economic Reform: The Polish Case
Analyses of the economic transformation of the Polish economy and of the 1993 elections to the parliament suggest it is possible to proceed with pro-market and democratic reforms simultaneously. As demonstrated by the Polish case, the key to this process is the rate at which new enterprises are created. These enterprises, not the privatization of existing ones, are primarily responsible for the creation of a growing private economy. This evolving…
Buying support and regime change: The evolution of Polish attitudes towards the EU and voting between accession and 2008
Positive assessments of what entry to the European Union (EU) meant for Poland and for Poles increased after the 2003 vote to join and dramatically so after accession. Analysis of panel data from 2003 and 2008 shows the increase in positive assessments is related to the size of EU transfers and to increases in personal income, particularly for assessments of personal benefits. The attitude changes are also related to variables associated with ind…
Statistical Models of Senate Roll Call Voting
This paper uses statistical analysis to consider what factors influence the way senators vote and how important these influences are. The answers are specific statements about individual senators' decision processes, and quantitative estimates of the weights applied to the different variables in these models. The form of the voting models and the variables in them were developed from hypotheses about individual decision-making and descriptions of…
A Formulation of Path Dependence with an Empirical Example
We develop the empirical implications of Page’s (2006) definition of path dependence as a process where the sequence of historical events affects the final outcome. A critical necessary condition for path dependence in common dynamic models is a time-varying autoregressive parameter whose value becomes 1 at some point. Failure to meet this condition results in a path independent process whose equilibrium outcome is only a function of the current …
Attitudes, No Opinions, and Guesses
This article presents a statistical model of the survey response that includes both a measure of the respondent's likely true attitude and a measure of the probability that the respondent is uncertain about her or his attitude and is “guessing” at a response. This latter possibility introduces systematic measurement error that may bias efforts to get unbiased estimates of attitudes. The model and the likely consequences of guessing are illustrate…
Shells as Evidence of the Migration of Early Culture
Modeling, Measuring, and Distinguishing Path Dependence, Outcome Dependence, and Outcome Independence
Path dependence is commonly used to describe processes where “history matters,” which encompasses many different kinds of temporal dynamics. This essay distinguishes path-, or equilibrium-, dependent processes where early conditions continue to matter, from outcome-dependent processes where recent history matters and from outcome-independent processes where history does not matter. Others have argued for a precise and restrictive definition of pa…
Measuring the Demand for Environmental Quality with Survey Data
Individuals' willingness to pay for public goods and services is a central concept in the analyses of public expenditures and of the performance of political institutions. This concept has proved very difficult to measure, both in the aggregate and for different groups of individuals. This paper presents the results of an approach based on the use of survey data and statistical estimation to make these measurements. The advantages of this approac…
Symposium on Models of Path Dependence
The symposium develops statistical models and methods for the study of path dependence. In this introductory essay, the connections between key areas in the path dependence and statistical literatures are illuminated. And some ways in which familiar time series and regression models embody these ideas are explained. The arguments in the articles in the symposium then are summarized and compared. Finally, directions for additional, statistically g…
Politics and the budgetary process
Party strategies and electoral competition in post-Communist countries: Evidence from Poland
Intensities, preferences, and electoral politics
Public needs and private behavior in metropolitan areas
Shells as Evidence of the Migration of Early Culture
Times Atlas of the World: Vol. 1
Expedition antarctique Belge 1957-58: Resultats scientifiques, Vol. 8: Geodesie
Geodesy
Introduction to Satellite Geodesy
Statistical Models of Senate Roll Call Voting
This paper uses statistical analysis to consider what factors influence the way senators vote and how important these influences are. The answers are specific statements about individual senators' decision processes, and quantitative estimates of the weights applied to the different variables in these models. The form of the voting models and the variables in them were developed from hypotheses about individual decision-making and descriptions of…
Politics and the budgetary process
Intensities, preferences, and electoral politics
Issues, Party Choices, and Presidential Votes
This paper presents an alternative interpretation of the role played by issues and people's evaluations of the parties' positions on different issues in the electoral process. The statistical model presented and estimated in the paper departs from previous studies by hypothesizing a model in which people's issue positions, their evaluations of the parties' positions, and the strength of their party identifications are simultaneously related to ea…
Public needs and private behavior in metropolitan areas
Statistical Concepts and Methods
Sphere, Spheroid and Projections for Surveyors
Measuring the Demand for Environmental Quality with Survey Data
Individuals' willingness to pay for public goods and services is a central concept in the analyses of public expenditures and of the performance of political institutions. This concept has proved very difficult to measure, both in the aggregate and for different groups of individuals. This paper presents the results of an approach based on the use of survey data and statistical estimation to make these measurements. The advantages of this approac…
The Systematic Beliefs of the Mass Public: Estimating Policy Preferences with Survey Data
This paper develops and estimates a model that relates individuals' policy preferences to three basic terms: (1) a common orientation that affects positions on all items in an issue domain and that explicitly represents the constraint concept; (2) a question-specific term that represents the influence of impacts and interests associated with the explicit policy in question; and (3) party identifications. Each of these components is hypothesized t…
Election Night Reporting and Voter Turnout
This report gives the results of the analysis of data collected from a subset of the respondents in the 1980 Presidential Election Study, which ascertained what time of day the person voted, what election night news they heard, and when they heard that news. This analysis indicates that many people heard projections of the presidential election outcome before the local polls closed, that hearing news of the projected outcome decreased the likelih…
The Dynamics of Party Identification
This article presents a model of individuals' party identification that contrasts with previous models. Past models, with the few recent exceptions noted, assume a hierarchical relationship either from identification to other aspects of political behavior, such as the perception and evaluation of issues and candidates, or from these behaviors to party identifications. The model discussed here places party within a dynamic concept of the electoral…
Privatization as Institutional Choice
Privatization as institutional choice
A model based upon the common concept of rent‐seeking behavior avoids an exclusive focus on the pecuniary motive in private institutions and the power motive in public institutions. Using this model, the case for privatization ranges from very strong to unpersuasive, with some fascinating intermediate cases. Where purchases are frequent, information is abundant, costs of a bad decision are small, externalities are minimal, and competition is the …
The Individual Political Economy of Federal Tax Policy
Public policies are the product of conflicting demands within society. These demands are both collective in nature and the product of individual interests. Individuals must balance these conflicting interests in developing their policy preferences. We estimate the role of collective and individual interests in preference formation, using tax policy as a substantive example. Survey data are used to estimate the model for evaluations of several tax…
An Errors-in-Variables Approach to Estimating Models with Small Area Data
Many important social science models are estimated with subnational units, such as states, congressional districts, or counties as the units of observation. These analyses may require estimates of population characteristics for these units that are not readily available from published sources. Frequently the size and number of these units make direct data collection, such as household surveys, prohibitively expensive or completely infeasible. The…
Public Goods, Private Interests, and Representation
We estimate a model of House members' roll call voting decisions embodying some hypotheses about representation, including estimates of the influence of district opinion on broad collective issues relative to personal economic interests, of the effect of electoral security on constituency responsiveness, and of the difference in constituency and party voting among Republicans and Democrats. This model is estimated with votes taken during delibera…
Studying (Small) businesses with the Michigan Employment Security Commission longitudinal data base
Institutions in American Society: Essays in Market, Political, and Social Organizations
Estimation of Models with Variable Coefficients
The ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator gives biased coefficient estimates if coefficients are not constant for all cases but vary systematically with the explanatory variables. This article discusses several different ways to estimate models with systematically and randomly varying coefficients using estimated generalized least squares and maximum likelihood procedures. A Monte Carlo simulation of the different methods is presented to illustr…
Ideology, Interest Group Scores, and Legislative Votes
This article reviews writings by economists and political scientists on the importance of ideology in governmental decision making. We consider various problems in this research, discuss several shortcomings in these recent studies in the context of the larger literature on legislative behavior, and demonstrate the statistical inconsistency of the commonly used methodologies based on interest group scores
Economics (24 works) · Political science (20 works) · Politics (20 works) · Computer Science (17 works) · Electoral Systems and Political Participation (17 works) · Mathematics (17 works) · Econometrics (16 works) · Law (13 works) · Statistics (13 works) · Geography (11 works)